Alert archive / South Dakota / Pennington County

Weather alerts in Pennington County, South Dakota, 2011

268 weather alerts in 2011, from the National Weather Service and the Storm Prediction Center. An alert counts here when it covered this county.

Pennington County and its neighbors

Each county as a circle sized by its count in 2011. Tap one for its archive.

Alerts
268
Warnings
116
Watches
38
Advisories
72
Busiest month
June58 alerts
Busiest day
June 26, 201123 alerts

Over time

By month

Warning verification

How often warnings here had a storm report inside them, and how much warning the reports had.

0 of 1 tornado warnings covering Pennington County in 2011 had a tornado report inside them.

Pennington County, 2011

WarningsWith a reportFalse alarm ratioReportsInside a warningMean lead time
Tornado warnings10100%0
Severe thunderstorm warnings906627%9589%24 min
Flash flood warnings20100%0

Each office's whole area, 2011

WarningsWith a reportFalse alarm ratioReportsInside a warningMean lead time
NWS Rapid City, SD: tornado warnings23291%540%55 min
NWS Rapid City, SD: severe thunderstorm warnings42631526%62688%25 min
NWS Rapid City, SD: flash flood warnings301067%1694%70 min

An office's figures cover every county it serves, including across state lines.

Verified by the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's Cow, which matches each storm-based warning with the local storm reports inside its polygon while it was in force, within 15 km of its edge: a tornado warning counts as verified on a tornado report, a severe thunderstorm warning on hail of 1 inch or more, a gust of 58 mph or more, or wind damage, a flash flood warning on a flash flood report. The false alarm ratio is the share of warnings with no such report; "inside a warning" is the probability of detection, the share of reports that fell inside one; lead time runs from the warning's issue to each report inside it, counting zero for a report that came first. A warning with no report is not proof nothing happened: reports come from spotters, the public and damage surveys, and are thin where few people live.

The alerts

Every alert, in the order issued. Times are local, Mountain Time. Each opens its own page with the text, the map, the radar and the sounding.

IssuedProductOfficeLasted
Dec 31, 10:00 PM MSTWind Chill AdvisoryUNR12 hr
Jan 7, 2:38 AM MSTWinter Storm WatchUNR11 hr
Jan 7, 1:26 PM MSTWinter Storm WarningUNR47 hr
Jan 7, 1:26 PM MSTWinter Weather AdvisoryUNR58 hr
Jan 10, 2:43 PM MSTWind Chill AdvisoryUNR21 hr
Jan 16, 2:44 PM MSTWinter Weather AdvisoryUNR20 hr
Jan 20, 2:44 PM MSTWinter Storm WatchUNR24 hr
Jan 21, 2:23 PM MSTWinter Storm WarningUNR28 hr
Jan 21, 2:23 PM MSTWinter Weather AdvisoryUNR28 hr
Jan 29, 2:03 PM MSTWinter Weather AdvisoryUNR48 hr
Jan 29, 5:06 PM MSTFreezing Fog AdvisoryUNR16 hr
Jan 31, 2:44 AM MSTWind Chill WarningUNR33 hr
Feb 1, 4:09 AM MSTWind Chill AdvisoryUNR16 hr
Feb 1, 2:54 PM MSTWind Chill WarningUNR19 hr
Feb 2, 3:10 AM MSTWind Chill AdvisoryUNR7 hr
Feb 4, 2:12 PM MSTWinter Storm WarningUNR48 hr
Feb 4, 2:12 PM MSTWinter Weather AdvisoryUNR48 hr
Feb 6, 2:39 PM MSTWinter Weather AdvisoryUNR30 hr
Feb 8, 2:41 PM MSTWind Chill AdvisoryUNR19 hr
Feb 12, 3:05 PM MSTWind AdvisoryUNR28 hr
Feb 13, 2:16 AM MSTHigh Wind WarningUNR17 hr
Feb 16, 3:39 AM MSTWind AdvisoryUNR24 hr
Feb 16, 2:39 PM MSTWind AdvisoryUNR26 hr
Feb 18, 1:56 PM MSTWinter Storm WatchUNR13 hr
Feb 19, 2:35 AM MSTWinter Storm WarningUNR44 hr
Feb 20, 3:36 AM MSTMesoscale DiscussionSPC4 hr
Feb 20, 2:19 PM MSTWinter Weather AdvisoryUNR9 hr
Feb 23, 2:26 PM MSTWinter Weather AdvisoryUNR38 hr
Feb 24, 7:09 AM MSTWinter Storm WarningUNR13 hr
Feb 24, 2:48 PM MSTWind Chill AdvisoryUNR13 hr
Feb 25, 4:01 AM MSTWinter Weather AdvisoryUNR24 hr
Mar 5, 2:03 PM MSTWinter Storm WatchUNR13 hr
Mar 6, 2:40 AM MSTWinter Weather AdvisoryUNR32 hr
Mar 10, 2:57 PM MSTWind AdvisoryUNR27 hr
Mar 19, 3:00 AM MDTWind AdvisoryUNR15 hr
Mar 21, 3:24 AM MDTWind AdvisoryUNR12 hr
Mar 25, 3:18 AM MDTWinter Weather AdvisoryUNR39 hr
Mar 26, 11:03 PM MDTWinter Weather AdvisoryUNR13 hr
Apr 2, 2:52 PM MDTWind AdvisoryUNR33 hr
Apr 10, 3:50 AM MDTWind AdvisoryUNR14 hr
Apr 13, 4:32 AM MDTWinter Storm WatchUNR24 hr
Apr 14, 4:07 AM MDTWinter Weather AdvisoryUNR24 hr
Apr 18, 2:42 PM MDTWinter Weather AdvisoryUNR24 hr
Apr 21, 4:03 AM MDTWind AdvisoryUNR10 hr
Apr 21, 2:48 PM MDTHigh Wind WatchUNR13 hr
Apr 21, 2:48 PM MDTWind AdvisoryUNR33 hr
Apr 21, 2:53 PM MDTWinter Storm WatchUNR13 hr
Apr 21, 7:43 PM MDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningUNR27 min
Apr 22, 3:45 AM MDTHigh Wind WarningUNR10 hr
Apr 22, 3:51 AM MDTWinter Storm WarningUNR24 hr
Apr 22, 3:51 AM MDTWinter Weather AdvisoryUNR24 hr
Apr 26, 1:52 PM MDTWinter Storm WarningUNR7 hr
Apr 26, 9:04 PM MDTWinter Weather AdvisoryUNR10 hr
Apr 29, 11:01 AM MDTWind AdvisoryUNR7 hr
Apr 29, 3:22 PM MDTHigh Wind WatchUNR11 hr
Apr 30, 2:44 AM MDTHigh Wind WarningUNR16 hr
Apr 30, 6:55 PM MDTHigh Wind WarningUNR2 hr
May 7, 9:13 PM MDTFlood WatchUNR63 hr
May 9, 2:26 PM MDTSevere Thunderstorm WatchSPC7 hr
May 9, 4:57 PM MDTMesoscale DiscussionSPC93 min
May 9, 7:51 PM MDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningUNR42 min
May 9, 8:13 PM MDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningUNR62 min
May 9, 8:16 PM MDTMesoscale DiscussionSPC29 min
May 9, 8:57 PM MDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningUNR78 min
May 9, 10:17 PM MDTMesoscale DiscussionSPC58 min
May 9, 11:09 PM MDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningUNR51 min
May 9, 11:16 PM MDTTornado WarningUNR24 min
May 15, 2:17 PM MDTWind AdvisoryUNR31 hr
May 16, 2:59 PM MDTFlash Flood WatchUNR4 days
May 19, 10:06 AM MDTWinter Weather AdvisoryUNR12 hr
May 19, 9:09 PM MDTAreal Flood AdvisoryUNR24 hr
May 22, 2:56 PM MDTFlood WatchUNR60 hr
May 24, 7:52 AM MDTAreal Flood WarningUNR36 hr
May 26, 4:17 PM MDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningUNR43 min
May 26, 10:49 PM MDTAreal Flood AdvisoryUNR3 days
May 27, 2:49 PM MDTFlood WatchUNR61 hr
May 29, 12:15 PM MDTAreal Flood AdvisoryUNR24 hr
May 29, 2:43 PM MDTAreal Flood AdvisoryUNR18 hr
May 29, 3:00 PM MDTAreal Flood WarningUNR24 hr
May 30, 2:39 PM MDTWind AdvisoryUNR27 hr
May 30, 2:57 PM MDTAreal Flood AdvisoryUNR20 hr
Jun 2, 5:03 PM MDTMesoscale DiscussionSPC87 min
Jun 2, 6:22 PM MDTSevere Thunderstorm WatchSPC8 hr
Jun 2, 6:42 PM MDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningUNR63 min
Jun 2, 7:38 PM MDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningUNR82 min
Jun 6, 3:04 PM MDTHigh Wind WarningUNR14 hr
Jun 6, 3:50 PM MDTSevere Thunderstorm WatchSPC7 hr
Jun 6, 6:24 PM MDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningUNR36 min
Jun 6, 6:43 PM MDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningUNR47 min
Jun 6, 7:10 PM MDTMesoscale DiscussionSPC95 min
Jun 11, 1:40 PM MDTMesoscale DiscussionSPC2 hr
Jun 11, 3:59 PM MDTTornado WatchSPC7 hr
Jun 11, 5:47 PM MDTFlash Flood WarningUNR3 hr
Jun 11, 5:51 PM MDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningUNR54 min
Jun 11, 7:11 PM MDTMesoscale DiscussionSPC64 min
Jun 12, 10:02 AM MDTFlash Flood WatchUNR10 hr
Jun 12, 12:52 PM MDTMesoscale DiscussionSPC53 min
Jun 12, 1:49 PM MDTTornado WatchSPC6 hr
Jun 12, 4:37 PM MDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningUNR53 min
Jun 12, 5:11 PM MDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningUNR64 min
Jun 12, 5:25 PM MDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningUNR65 min
Jun 13, 6:47 PM MDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningUNR24 min
Jun 13, 7:23 PM MDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningUNR36 min
Jun 13, 9:45 PM MDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningUNR60 min
Jun 14, 7:46 PM MDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningUNR48 min
Jun 24, 1:52 PM MDTSevere Thunderstorm WatchSPC7 hr
Jun 24, 4:21 PM MDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningUNR54 min
Jun 24, 4:57 PM MDTMesoscale DiscussionSPC2 hr
Jun 24, 6:19 PM MDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningUNR56 min
Jun 24, 6:43 PM MDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningUNR32 min
Jun 24, 7:11 PM MDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningUNR64 min
Jun 24, 7:29 PM MDTAreal Flood AdvisoryUNR6 hr
Jun 24, 7:32 PM MDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningUNR88 min
Jun 24, 8:05 PM MDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningUNR24 min
Jun 25, 5:21 PM MDTMesoscale DiscussionSPC84 min
Jun 25, 7:14 PM MDTSevere Thunderstorm WatchSPC6 hr
Jun 25, 7:29 PM MDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningUNR46 min
Jun 25, 7:58 PM MDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningUNR62 min
Jun 25, 8:05 PM MDTAreal Flood AdvisoryUNR3 hr
Jun 25, 8:07 PM MDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningUNR53 min
Jun 25, 8:14 PM MDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningUNR61 min
Jun 25, 8:51 PM MDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningUNR54 min
Jun 26, 1:34 AM MDTAreal Flood AdvisoryUNR8 hr
Jun 26, 2:10 AM MDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningUNR41 min
Jun 26, 3:00 AM MDTAreal Flood AdvisoryUNR6 hr
Jun 26, 5:08 AM MDTMesoscale DiscussionSPC97 min
Jun 26, 8:46 AM MDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningUNR59 min
Jun 26, 9:03 AM MDTAreal Flood AdvisoryUNR6 hr
Jun 26, 12:03 PM MDTSevere Thunderstorm WatchSPC7 hr
Jun 26, 12:19 PM MDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningUNR56 min
Jun 26, 12:55 PM MDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningUNR65 min
Jun 26, 1:54 PM MDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningUNR32 min
Jun 26, 2:15 PM MDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningUNR41 min
Jun 26, 2:37 PM MDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningUNR53 min
Jun 26, 3:18 PM MDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningUNR57 min
Jun 26, 3:22 PM MDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningUNR53 min
Jun 26, 3:51 PM MDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningUNR41 min
Jun 26, 4:12 PM MDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningUNR63 min
Jun 30, 2:19 PM MDTMesoscale DiscussionSPC56 min
Jul 2, 12:17 PM MDTMesoscale DiscussionSPC58 min
Jul 2, 2:13 PM MDTTornado WatchSPC8 hr
Jul 2, 4:59 PM MDTMesoscale DiscussionSPC2 hr
Jul 2, 6:43 PM MDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningUNR62 min
Jul 2, 6:48 PM MDTMesoscale DiscussionSPC117 min
Jul 2, 6:55 PM MDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningUNR50 min
Jul 2, 7:27 PM MDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningUNR63 min
Jul 4, 2:51 PM MDTMesoscale DiscussionSPC54 min
Jul 4, 3:45 PM MDTSevere Thunderstorm WatchSPC8 hr
Jul 4, 6:59 PM MDTMesoscale DiscussionSPC2 hr
Jul 5, 1:17 PM MDTMesoscale DiscussionSPC73 min
Jul 5, 1:30 PM MDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningUNR60 min
Jul 5, 1:58 PM MDTFlash Flood WarningUNR4 hr
Jul 5, 2:27 PM MDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningUNR21 min
Jul 5, 3:19 PM MDTAreal Flood AdvisoryUNR5 hr
Jul 6, 10:57 AM MDTAreal Flood AdvisoryUNR3 hr
Jul 6, 12:25 PM MDTMesoscale DiscussionSPC3 hr
Jul 8, 3:29 PM MDTMesoscale DiscussionSPC2 hr
Jul 8, 3:48 PM MDTSevere Thunderstorm WatchSPC7 hr
Jul 9, 12:12 AM MDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningUNR43 min
Jul 11, 1:50 PM MDTMesoscale DiscussionSPC85 min
Jul 11, 2:07 PM MDTSevere Thunderstorm WatchSPC7 hr
Jul 19, 2:36 PM MDTWind AdvisoryUNR24 hr
Jul 21, 6:44 PM MDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningUNR46 min
Jul 25, 11:23 AM MDTMesoscale DiscussionSPC97 min
Jul 25, 1:30 PM MDTSevere Thunderstorm WatchSPC8 hr
Jul 25, 2:28 PM MDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningUNR62 min
Jul 25, 3:08 PM MDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningUNR67 min
Jul 25, 3:24 PM MDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningUNR22 min
Jul 25, 4:00 PM MDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningUNR60 min
Jul 25, 4:18 PM MDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningUNR46 min
Jul 25, 4:39 PM MDTMesoscale DiscussionSPC96 min
Jul 25, 4:44 PM MDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningUNR61 min
Jul 25, 5:00 PM MDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningUNR60 min
Jul 25, 5:10 PM MDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningUNR65 min
Jul 25, 5:33 PM MDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningUNR57 min
Jul 27, 2:49 PM MDTMesoscale DiscussionSPC86 min
Jul 27, 5:13 PM MDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningUNR62 min
Jul 27, 5:32 PM MDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningUNR58 min
Jul 27, 6:06 PM MDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningUNR54 min
Jul 27, 6:09 PM MDTMesoscale DiscussionSPC2 hr
Jul 27, 6:14 PM MDTAreal Flood AdvisoryUNR3 hr
Jul 27, 6:27 PM MDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningUNR63 min
Jul 27, 7:30 PM MDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningUNR60 min
Jul 28, 2:07 PM MDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningUNR53 min
Jul 28, 2:13 PM MDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningUNR42 min
Jul 28, 2:31 PM MDTSevere Thunderstorm WatchSPC5 hr
Jul 28, 2:56 PM MDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningUNR64 min
Jul 28, 5:19 PM MDTMesoscale DiscussionSPC86 min
Jul 29, 12:59 PM MDTMesoscale DiscussionSPC91 min
Jul 29, 1:54 PM MDTSevere Thunderstorm WatchSPC7 hr
Jul 29, 4:46 PM MDTMesoscale DiscussionSPC59 min
Jul 29, 4:55 PM MDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningUNR37 min
Jul 29, 5:54 PM MDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningUNR51 min
Aug 3, 1:01 PM MDTMesoscale DiscussionSPC89 min
Aug 5, 12:05 PM MDTMesoscale DiscussionSPC2 hr
Aug 5, 12:48 PM MDTSevere Thunderstorm WatchSPC7 hr
Aug 5, 4:25 PM MDTMesoscale DiscussionSPC2 hr
Aug 5, 4:31 PM MDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningUNR59 min
Aug 5, 4:50 PM MDTAreal Flood AdvisoryUNR87 min
Aug 5, 5:24 PM MDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningUNR66 min
Aug 5, 5:26 PM MDTMesoscale DiscussionSPC94 min
Aug 5, 5:56 PM MDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningUNR64 min
Aug 5, 6:13 PM MDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningUNR62 min
Aug 7, 12:23 PM MDTMesoscale DiscussionSPC67 min
Aug 7, 1:05 PM MDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningUNR55 min
Aug 7, 1:50 PM MDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningUNR55 min
Aug 7, 1:58 PM MDTSevere Thunderstorm WatchSPC8 hr
Aug 7, 2:27 PM MDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningUNR63 min
Aug 7, 2:36 PM MDTAreal Flood AdvisoryUNR78 min
Aug 7, 4:05 PM MDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningUNR55 min
Aug 7, 5:35 PM MDTMesoscale DiscussionSPC115 min
Aug 8, 4:10 PM MDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningUNR53 min
Aug 10, 12:59 PM MDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningUNR61 min
Aug 11, 12:49 PM MDTMesoscale DiscussionSPC86 min
Aug 11, 12:49 PM MDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningUNR41 min
Aug 11, 2:05 PM MDTTornado WatchSPC5 hr
Aug 11, 2:17 PM MDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningUNR58 min
Aug 11, 3:14 PM MDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningUNR61 min
Aug 11, 3:55 PM MDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningUNR43 min
Aug 14, 1:59 PM MDTMesoscale DiscussionSPC91 min
Aug 14, 2:45 PM MDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningUNR60 min
Aug 14, 3:18 PM MDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningUNR41 min
Aug 18, 3:40 PM MDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningUNR65 min
Aug 18, 3:45 PM MDTSevere Thunderstorm WatchSPC4 hr
Aug 25, 3:59 PM MDTMesoscale DiscussionSPC91 min
Aug 27, 4:24 PM MDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningUNR66 min
Sep 1, 8:08 PM MDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningUNR26 min
Sep 1, 8:51 PM MDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningUNR39 min
Sep 2, 6:09 PM MDTWind AdvisoryUNR11 hr
Sep 2, 10:22 PM MDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningUNR38 min
Sep 2, 10:57 PM MDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningUNR63 min
Sep 19, 3:30 AM MDTHigh Wind WatchUNR11 hr
Sep 19, 2:15 PM MDTHigh Wind WarningUNR24 hr
Sep 29, 11:03 AM MDTFrost AdvisoryUNR21 hr
Oct 5, 4:06 AM MDTWind AdvisoryUNR14 hr
Oct 5, 3:09 PM MDTWind AdvisoryUNR27 hr
Oct 6, 2:18 PM MDTWind AdvisoryUNR29 hr
Oct 6, 2:19 PM MDTMesoscale DiscussionSPC116 min
Oct 6, 2:32 PM MDTSevere Thunderstorm WatchSPC9 hr
Oct 6, 3:23 PM MDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningUNR52 min
Oct 6, 4:13 PM MDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningUNR41 min
Oct 6, 4:55 PM MDTMesoscale DiscussionSPC95 min
Oct 6, 7:45 PM MDTMesoscale DiscussionSPC90 min
Oct 7, 3:50 AM MDTHigh Wind WarningUNR15 hr
Oct 12, 3:34 AM MDTWind AdvisoryUNR14 hr
Oct 17, 2:52 PM MDTFreeze WarningUNR18 hr
Oct 23, 5:48 AM MDTWind AdvisoryUNR9 hr
Nov 4, 2:50 AM MDTWind AdvisoryUNR44 hr
Nov 4, 2:36 PM MDTWinter Weather AdvisoryUNR32 hr
Nov 15, 10:12 AM MSTWind AdvisoryUNR5 hr
Nov 17, 2:15 PM MSTWinter Storm WatchUNR22 hr
Nov 18, 12:19 PM MSTWinter Storm WarningUNR26 hr
Nov 18, 10:43 PM MSTMesoscale DiscussionSPC5 hr
Nov 23, 2:48 PM MSTWind AdvisoryUNR13 hr
Nov 24, 2:18 PM MSTHigh Wind WatchUNR25 hr
Nov 25, 2:28 AM MSTWind AdvisoryUNR37 hr
Nov 25, 3:02 PM MSTHigh Wind WarningUNR24 hr
Nov 29, 3:43 AM MSTWinter Storm WatchUNR11 hr
Nov 29, 3:04 PM MSTWinter Storm WarningUNR39 hr
Nov 29, 3:04 PM MSTWinter Weather AdvisoryUNR39 hr
Dec 3, 3:11 PM MSTWinter Weather AdvisoryUNR32 hr
Dec 3, 3:22 PM MSTWind AdvisoryUNR29 hr
Dec 12, 2:18 PM MSTDense Fog AdvisoryUNR13 hr
Dec 20, 2:46 PM MSTWinter Weather AdvisoryUNR32 hr
Dec 25, 2:49 PM MSTWind AdvisoryUNR26 hr
Dec 30, 3:39 AM MSTHigh Wind WatchUNR11 hr
Dec 30, 2:36 PM MSTHigh Wind WarningUNR26 hr
Dec 30, 2:36 PM MSTWind AdvisoryUNR45 hr

By product

Every kind of product issued here, grouped by hazard. Each opens the same place narrowed to that product.

The busiest days

Days with the most alerts issued, by UTC date.

Nearby

Alerts in force nowTornadoes on recordForecastThe radar archive20102012

Sources

National Weather Service watches, warnings, advisories and statements from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's VTEC archive, which reconstructs tornado, severe thunderstorm, flash flood and marine warnings back to 1986 from the NWS text archive. Storm Prediction Center watches and mesoscale discussions from SPC's archive through the Mesonet. County centers from the US Census Bureau. Warning verification from the Mesonet's Cow. Rebuilt daily.