North Central and Eastern Severe Weather

Losses, 2024 dollars

$1.5 billion

Losses at the time

$1.5 billion

Deaths

2

The losses and deaths are NCEI’s, counting everything the disaster did. The episodes below are only what the Weather Service filed in its Storm Events record, which counts damage differently and often not at all, so the two never add up and are shown apart.

• Flash Flooding and Damaging Winds in Pennsylvania, July 26, 2023$163,000 · 50 kt wind · 28 eventsA line of thunderstorms formed over northern Ohio during the evening of July 26th and raced across southwest Pennsylvania to the north of Pittsburgh, supported by a shortwave trough.
• Damaging Winds in Colorado, July 26, 202356 kt wind · 4 eventsA cluster of storms developed off the Front Range moving east across the Eastern Colorado plains. The storms moved into Yuma County during the early evening hours producing thunderstorm wind gusts of 45 to 64 mph.
• Damaging Wind and High Wind in New Mexico, July 26, 202352 kt wind · 2 eventsStorms across the Gila mountain range drifted north over western New Mexico through outflow boundaries. This allowed a decaying thunderstorm over Grants and a developing thunderstorm over Farmington to produce dry microbursts at the respective airport observing sites.
• Hail and Damaging Wind in Minnesota, July 26 to 27, 20231.5 in hail · 5 eventsSevere thunderstorms caused large hail up to ping pong ball sized and damaging wind gusts in Northwestern Minnesota.
• Hail in Minnesota, July 27, 20231.75 in hail · 4 eventsA supercell developed during the morning and tracked across east central Minnesota. This storm produced quarter to golfball size hail.
• Tornadoes and Flood in Indiana, July 27 to 29, 2023$121,000 · EF0 · 41 eventsStorms developed along a stalled frontal boundary on the evening of July 28th. These storms developed in clusters and were slow moving with heavy rain. They also produced sporadic wind damage across northwest Indiana. An EF0 tornado also occurred in Cass County.
• Damaging Winds in New York, July 27, 202350 kt wind · 28 eventsStrong to severe thunderstorms associated with a shortwave trough and cold front developed and moved over parts of eastern New York during the afternoon and evening hours on July 27th resulting in numerous reports of downed trees and wires across the region.
• Tornado and Hail in New Hampshire, July 27, 2023EF1 · 4 eventsA shortwave tracked through the eastern Great Lakes early on the morning of July 27th and moved into New England by the afternoon hours while a stalled boundary draped remained draped across the area.
• Damaging Winds in New York, July 27, 2023$11,000 · 50 kt wind · 4 eventsA convective system kicked off multiple rounds of thunderstorms in Sullivan County in New York. These severe storms had damaging wind gusts. There were a few reports of trees down with some trees catching on fire after landing on live utility wires.
• Damaging Winds in Massachusetts, July 27, 202350 kt wind · 3 eventsStrong to severe thunderstorms associated with a shortwave trough and cold front developed and moved over parts of western Massachusetts during the afternoon and evening hours on July 27th resulting in numerous reports of downed trees and wires across the area.
• Hail and Damaging Wind in West Virginia, July 27, 2023$2,000 · 1 in hail · 2 eventsA weak trough spawned several severe thunderstorms over the far eastern West Virginia panhandle, extreme northern Virginia, and north-central Maryland.
• Damaging Winds in Pennsylvania, July 27, 2023$18,000 · 50 kt wind · 7 eventsA mesoscale convective system brought a line of thunderstorms through Northeastern Pennsylvania. These storms contained damaging wind gusts. There were multiple reports of trees and wires down.
• Damaging Winds and Lightning Strike in Massachusetts, July 27, 2023$28,000 · 57 kt wind · 17 eventsA potent mid level shortwave moved in from the Great Lakes bringing widespread wind damage.
• Flash Flooding and Flooding in Ohio, July 27, 2023$61,000 · 50 kt wind · 9 eventsScattered thunderstorms developed during the evening hours in a warm and humid airmass. The thunderstorms persisted into the overnight hours.
• Damaging Winds in Connecticut, July 27, 202350 kt wind · 3 eventsStrong to severe thunderstorms associated with a shortwave trough and cold front developed and moved over parts of northwestern Connecticut during the afternoon and evening hours on July 27th resulting in multiple reports of downed trees and wires across the area.
• Hail and Damaging Winds in Minnesota, July 27, 20232 in hail · 20 eventsProlonged hot and humid conditions coupled with dry mid-levels in the atmosphere, led to extreme amounts of mixed-layer convective available potential energy (MLCAPE).
• Hail and Damaging Winds in Minnesota, July 27, 20232 in hail · 24 eventsWarm and humid conditions developed across northeastern Minnesota on the 27th ahead of a frontal boundary that stalled out across the region. Storms developed during the afternoon hours and were prolific hail producers and they moved through.
• Hail and Damaging Winds in Wisconsin, July 27 to 28, 20233 in hail · 8 eventsProlonged hot and humid conditions coupled with dry mid-levels in the atmosphere, led to extreme amounts of mixed-layer convective available potential energy (MLCAPE).
• Flash Flooding and Hail in Wisconsin, July 27, 2023$60,000 · 1.75 in hail · 27 eventsWarm and humid conditions developed across northeastern Minnesota on the 27th ahead of a frontal boundary that stalled out across the region.
• Damaging Winds in Virginia, July 27, 2023$46,000 · 60 kt wind · 13 eventsA weak trough spawned several severe thunderstorms over the far eastern West Virginia panhandle, extreme northern Virginia, and north-central Maryland.
• Damaging Winds in Connecticut, July 27, 2023$11,000 · 50 kt wind · 13 eventsA potent mid level shortwave moved in from the Great Lakes bringing widespread wind damage.
• Flash Flood in Pennsylvania, July 27, 2023$18,000 · 1 eventA small scale thunderstorm system brought a line of heavy rain-producing thunderstorms through Northeastern Pennsylvania. These storms contained torrential rainfall which led to isolated areas of flooding.
• Damaging Winds in Maryland, July 27, 2023$15,000 · 52 kt wind · 2 eventsA weak trough spawned several severe thunderstorms over the far eastern West Virginia panhandle, extreme northern Virginia, and north-central Maryland.
• Damaging Winds in New York, July 27, 2023$7,000 · 50 kt wind · 3 eventsA shortwave trough moved through aloft as a broken line of severe thunderstorms developed along a surface trough. The severe storms produced damaging winds across southeastern NY.
• Damaging Winds in Pennsylvania, July 27, 2023$8,000 · 52 kt wind · 2 eventsScattered showers and thunderstorms developed ahead of a cold front drifting southward towards central Pennsylvania. A narrow band of sub-severe storms developed across northern PA, closer to the front, with a few discrete cells develop across southern PA.
• Damaging Winds in Ohio, July 27 to 28, 2023$5,000 · 50 kt wind · 5 eventsThe last few days of July featured hot and muggy conditions alongside strong to severe thunderstorms. Only one storm proved to be severe on July 27th, passing through Gallia County in the afternoon and causing downed trees.
• Flash Flood and Damaging Winds in West Virginia, July 27 to 29, 2023$68,000 · 54 kt wind · 47 eventsThe final few days of July featured very hot and muggy weather across West Virginia. During peak heating hours, the atmosphere became conducive for afternoon showers and thunderstorms.
• Hail in Montana, July 27, 20231 in hail · 1 eventA weak disturbance interacted with mid-level moisture and modest shear to bring scattered strong thunderstorms during the afternoon and evening of the 27th.
• Damaging Winds in Connecticut, July 27, 2023$23,000 · 55 kt wind · 7 eventsA shortwave trough moved through aloft as a broken line of severe thunderstorms developed along a surface trough. The severe storms produced damaging winds across southern CT.
• Damaging Winds in Pennsylvania, July 27, 202350 kt wind · 2 eventsPop-up showers and thunderstorms developed in a very hot and humid airmass. A few storms produced damaging wind gusts across parts of Pennsylvania.
• Hail in Idaho, July 27, 20231.75 in hail · 1 eventLarge hail reported near Soda Springs.
• Damaging Winds in South Dakota, July 27, 202357 kt wind · 2 eventsA thunderstorm briefly became severe over portions of southwestern South Dakota, producing some wind gusts over 60 mph.
• Damaging Winds in Michigan, July 27, 2023$59,000 · 61 kt wind · 16 eventsA cold front moving across a moist and unstable airmass generated severe thunderstorms over mainly the west half of Upper Michigan during the evening of the 27th.
• Damaging Winds and Rip Currents in Rhode Island, July 27, 20231 death · $2,000 · 50 kt wind · 5 eventsA potent mid level shortwave moved in from the Great Lakes bringing widespread wind damage.
• Flash Flood in Florida, July 27, 20231 eventA tropical wave moving over South Florida provided an environment for widespread showers and thunderstorms with high rainfall rates on the afternoon and evening of July 27th.
• Damaging Winds in Arizona, July 27, 202363 kt wind · 3 eventsScattered thunderstorms developed and moved southwest across Greenlee, Graham, Cochise, Santa Cruz and eastern Pima counties during the afternoon and evening. A few severe wind gusts occurred but no damage was reported.
• Damaging Wind in Arizona, July 27, 20235 injured · $100,000 · 50 kt wind · 1 eventAn isolated severe thunderstorm developed near I-10 in Vicksburg Junction in southwest Arizona during the late afternoon hours on the 27th, resulting in multiple tractor trailers being blown over along I-10 between mile posts 41-47.
• Tornado and Hail in Wisconsin, July 27, 2023EF0 · 12 eventsThunderstorms developed ahead of a cold front tracking through western Wisconsin during the late afternoon hours on Thursday (7/27). The thunderstorms tracked through central and north-central Wisconsin during the early evening hours.
• Damaging Winds and Strong Wind in Kentucky, July 27, 2023$9,000 · 52 kt wind · 7 eventsThunderstorms bubbled up across southern Ohio on the hot side of a stalled front during the afternoon hours of the 27th.
• Damaging Wind in South Dakota, July 27, 202353 kt wind · 1 eventA thunderstorm briefly became severe over northwestern Jackson County, producing wind gusts over 60 mph near Cactus Flat.
• Hail and Damaging Wind in Wisconsin, July 27, 2023$10,000 · 1 in hail · 2 eventsA broad area of strong to severe storms impacted the northern periphery of the Upper Mississippi River Valley into Lake Superior during the afternoon hours of July 27th. Storms initially clustered in north-central Wisconsin before weakening as they reached central Wisconsin.
• Hail and Damaging Winds in South Dakota, July 27, 20231 in hail · 3 eventsA severe thunderstorm produced large hail and strong wind gusts over portions of Jackson and Mellette Counties.
• Hail and Damaging Wind in South Dakota, July 27, 20231.75 in hail · 2 eventsA thunderstorm produced isolated severe weather in Stanley and Jones counties during the evening hours. The storm produced golfball size hail and 60 mph winds.
• Flash Flood and Flood in Kentucky, July 27, 2023$12,000 · 50 kt wind · 5 eventsScattered thunderstorms developed during the evening hours in a warm and humid airmass. The thunderstorms persisted into the overnight hours.
• Lightning Strike in Wyoming, July 27, 20231 injured · 1 eventA strong thunderstorm developed west of Cheyenne during the afternoon of the 27th producing a lightning strike injuring an individual at Francis E. Warren Air Force Base.
• Flash Flooding and Damaging Winds in Kentucky, July 27 to 29, 20231 death · 51 kt wind · 14 eventsNorthwest flow in the mid- and upper-levels of the atmosphere placed central Kentucky and southern Indiana on the edge of a ring of fire type pattern for several days at the end of July 2023.
• Damaging Wind in Wyoming, July 27, 202350 kt wind · 1 eventA thunderstorm passed through Natrona County and produced a 58 mph wind gust at the Natrona County airport.
• Tornadoes and Hail in Illinois, July 28, 2023EF1 · 77 eventsJuly 28th saw two rounds of severe storms move across the Chicago metro, one during the predawn hours of the morning and another during the evening.
• Flash Flooding in Indiana, July 28, 20232 deaths · $552,000 · 5 eventsScattered thunderstorms developed during the evening hours in a warm and humid airmass. The thunderstorms persisted into the overnight hours.
• Flash Flood and Damaging Wind in Michigan, July 28 to 29, 202350 kt wind · 2 eventsStorms developed along a stalled frontal boundary on the evening of July 28th. These storms developed in clusters and were slow moving with heavy rain that produced some flooding. A small cluster of storms also produced brief wind damage during the morning hours of the 28th.
• Tornadoes and Damaging Winds in Indiana, July 28, 2023EF0 · 16 eventsJuly 28th saw two rounds of severe storms move across portions of northwest Indiana, one during the predawn hours of the morning and another during the evening.
• Damaging Winds in Colorado, July 28, 202362 kt wind · 2 eventsA severe thunderstorm produced short-lived but intense wind gusts in northern Weld County. A peak gust to 71 mph was observed near Pawnee National Grasslands.
• Tornadoes and Flash Flood in Wisconsin, July 28, 2023$169,000 · EF1 · 40 eventsMultiple periods of thunderstorms came through southern Wisconsin due to the passage of low pressure. Mainly widespread wind damage was noted from the multiple rounds of storms, but some significant hail was observed and one tornado.
• Damaging Winds in Ohio, July 28, 2023$8,000 · 50 kt wind · 2 eventsA line of showers and thunderstorms developed in the afternoon hours along a frontal boundary moving east across the area.
• Damaging Winds in Kentucky, July 28, 2023$2,000 · 50 kt wind · 2 eventsA round of strong storms developed during the early afternoon hours across north-central Kentucky, and progressed eastward. The storm in Bath/Menifee/Rowan Counties began to bulge out, indicative of high winds on the front end.
• Damaging Wind in Kentucky, July 28, 2023$4,000 · 50 kt wind · 1 eventA line of showers and thunderstorms developed in the afternoon hours along a frontal boundary moving east across the area.
• Tornado and Damaging Winds in Ohio, July 28 to 29, 20231 death · $230,000 · EF1 · 13 eventsNorthern Ohio remained in a very humid air mass and along the northwestern flank of the Bermuda-Azores subtropical surface high pressure ridge during the late morning of the 28th into the 29th before a cold front swept southeastward across the region during the late morning…
• Damaging Winds in Kentucky, July 28, 2023$2,000 · 51 kt wind · 4 eventsA very hot and muggy day was underway on July 28th when strong thunderstorms developed in the Ohio Valley. A line of storms pressed into eastern Kentucky from the west that afternoon and yielded damaging wind gusts in Boyd and Greenup Counties.
• Hail and Damaging Winds in North Carolina, July 28, 202350 kt wind · 5 eventsScattered thunderstorms developed over western North Carolina during the afternoon and evening. A few of these storms produced brief damaging wind gusts.
• Flash Flood and Hail in Arizona, July 28, 20231 in hail · 2 eventsA high pressure center located over New Mexico brought deep moisture over northern Arizona. In addition, an inverted trough moving northward in this flow brought additional instability which triggered stronger storms.
• Hail in South Dakota, July 28, 20231.5 in hail · 1 eventA thunderstorm briefly became severe over the central Black Hills, producing large hail in the Sheridan Lake area.
• Hail and Damaging Wind in Wyoming, July 28, 20231.5 in hail · 12 eventsStrong thunderstorm developed across southeast Wyoming in the afternoon on the 28th including a severe thunderstorm that developed over Cheyenne dropping quarter size hail.
• Damaging Winds in Virginia, July 28, 202352 kt wind · 2 eventsDespite the anomalous ridge of high pressure, a couple of scattered thunderstorms form and move across northeast Tennessee and southwest Virginia, bringing damaging winds to Virginia.
• Hail and Damaging Winds in Georgia, July 28 to 30, 2023$66,000 · 1 in hail · 35 eventsA persistent northwest flow aloft coupled with a moist, unstable environment allowed for multiple rounds of strong to severe thunderstorms to develop each afternoon.
• Hail and Damaging Winds in Virginia, July 28, 20231 injured · $786,000 · 1.25 in hail · 32 eventsA subtle remnant disturbance from prior day's convection over the Midwest amplified a pre-existing lee pressure trough, igniting numerous thunderstorms.
• Damaging Winds and Lightning Strike in Virginia, July 28, 2023$98,000 · 56 kt wind · 34 eventsA line of storms from the Midwest continued east into the Mid-Atlantic within a very unstable atmosphere conducive for damaging winds. Numerous downed trees and powerlines occurred in southwest Virginia from this line of storms.
• Damaging Winds in West Virginia, July 28, 2023$47,000 · 60 kt wind · 7 eventsA line of storms from the Midwest continued east into the Mid-Atlantic within a very unstable atmosphere conducive for damaging winds. A few downed trees |occurred in southeast West Virginia.
• Hail and Damaging Winds in Alabama, July 28, 2023$5,000 · 52 kt wind · 5 eventsA few thunderstorms developed during the mid afternoon hours in central through northeast Alabama. One of the storms produced wind damage in Cullman County, while another produced small hail in Madison County.
• Hail and Damaging Winds in Wisconsin, July 28, 20231.5 in hail · 7 eventsThunderstorms developed ahead of a cold front during the late afternoon and evening hours across north-central and central Wisconsin on Friday (7/28). The strongest storms produced damaging winds and hail up to ping pong size.
• Hail and Damaging Winds in West Virginia, July 28, 2023$42,000 · 1.25 in hail · 6 eventsA subtle remnant disturbance from prior day's convection over the Midwest amplified a pre-existing lee pressure trough, igniting numerous thunderstorms.
• Damaging Winds in South Carolina, July 28, 2023$5,000 · 50 kt wind · 4 eventsA broken line of thunderstorms moved across upstate South Carolina during the afternoon. A couple of the storms produced brief damaging wind gusts.
• Hail and Damaging Wind in Nebraska, July 28, 2023$29 million · 4 in hail · 13 eventsAn upper ridge was over most of the southern half of the country. A weak upper level disturbance was moving across northern Nebraska. A weak surface low pressure was across parts of south central Nebraska during the afternoon hours.
• Damaging Winds in Maryland, July 28, 2023$6.9 million · 70 kt wind · 40 eventsA subtle remnant disturbance from prior day's convection over the Midwest amplified a pre-existing lee pressure trough, igniting numerous thunderstorms.
• Hail in Nebraska, July 28, 20234.5 in hail · 53 eventsSupercell storms developed near a stationary boundary and produced a large amount of hail near the cities of Fremont, Omaha, and Lincoln. Over 50 reports were submitted to the office with the largest being 4.5 inches near Fremont in Dodge County.
• Hail and Damaging Winds in Kansas, July 28, 20231.5 in hail · 19 eventsDamaging wind gusts up to 80 mph and large hail were reported across northern Kansas on July 28th.
• Hail and Damaging Wind in Montana, July 28 to 30, 2023$1.0 million · 2.5 in hail · 13 eventsAfter a period of quiet weather, several days of strong to severe thunderstorms occurred during the latter part of July. Chinook was struck the hardest with up to baseball size hail resulting in significant vehicle and structural damage.
• Tornadoes and Hail in Iowa, July 28, 2023$133,000 · EF1 · 21 eventsA cold front sank south across Iowa during the afternoon and evening of July 28th. The environment was primed for severe storms with warm moist air in place; as temperatures climbed into the 90s and dewpoints into the 70s.
• Hail in Kansas, July 28, 2023$8.3 million · 2 in hail · 3 eventsAn upper ridge was over most of the southern half of the country. A weak upper level disturbance was moving across northern Nebraska. A weak surface low pressure was across far north central Kansas during the afternoon hours.
• Hail and Damaging Wind in Montana, July 28, 20231.75 in hail · 2 eventsAn isolated thunderstorm produced some large hail along with some very strong winds.
• Flash Flood in Virginia, July 28, 20231 eventAn isolated instance of flash flooding occurred due to heavy rain associated with thunderstorms.
• Hail and Damaging Winds in Wisconsin, July 28, 2023$1.3 million · 4 in hail · 43 eventsTwo areas of strong to severe storms shifted southeast and east through central Minnesota and northeast Iowa, respectively, during the late afternoon into the early evening of July 28th.
• Damaging Wind in Minnesota, July 28, 2023$3,000 · 56 kt wind · 1 eventA complex of severe storms traversed the Upper Mississippi River Valley during the evening of July 28th. A bowing line within this complex increased in intensity as it progressed through central Minnesota.
• Hail in Wisconsin, July 28, 20232 in hail · 1 eventA cold front remained draped across the southern reaches of the Northland on the 28th. Most of the storms developed to the south of the region, but one storm did move across far southern Price County and produced lime-sized hail as it passed.
• Damaging Winds in Pennsylvania, July 28, 202350 kt wind · 3 eventsA shortwave and weak frontal boundary over the area resulted in showers and thunderstorms developing. A few storms became severe, producing damaging wind gusts.
• Tornado and Hail in Iowa, July 28, 2023EF0 · 60 eventsVery hot and humid air in place across eastern Iowa, northwest Illinois, and far northeast Missouri interacted with a southward moving frontal boundary and disturbance aloft, setting the stage for development and organization of severe thunderstorms across the region.
• Damaging Wind in Kansas, July 28, 202352 kt wind · 1 eventScattered thunderstorms developed in northern Kansas with one dropping south into Lincoln County during the evening of the 28th. One storm had estimated wind gusts of 60 mph near Barnard.
• Damaging Winds in Maryland, July 28, 202350 kt wind · 5 eventsA shortwave and weak frontal boundary over the area resulted in showers and thunderstorms developing. A few storms became severe, producing damaging wind gusts.
• Damaging Wind in Virginia, July 28, 2023$5,000 · 50 kt wind · 1 eventA broken line of thunderstorms produced isolated damaging wind gusts across portions of central Virginia on the evening of July 28.
• Damaging Winds in Michigan, July 28, 2023$150,000 · 56 kt wind · 4 eventsMarginally severe thunderstorms producing wind damage impacted Tuscola and Lapeer Counties.
• Damaging Winds in Delaware, July 28, 202350 kt wind · 4 eventsA shortwave and weak frontal boundary over the area resulted in showers and thunderstorms developing. A few storms became severe, producing damaging wind gusts.
• Hail and Damaging Wind in Tennessee, July 28, 20231 in hail · 2 eventsDespite the anomalous ridge of high pressure, a couple of scattered thunderstorms form and move across northeast Tennessee and southwest Virginia. One thunderstorm passed through northeast Tennessee, bringing scattered wind damage and severe hail.
• Hail and Damaging Winds in Arizona, July 28, 2023$705,000 · 1.75 in hail · 3 eventsScattered thunderstorms moved developed and moved west across Graham, Pinal and Pima counties during the late afternoon and evening. The Tucson Metro was hit hard by large hail and damaging winds.
• Damaging Wind in Colorado, July 28, 202370 kt wind · 1 eventIn the evening of the 28th, storms formed in northeastern Colorado and moved eastward producing a single gust of 80 mph.
• Tornado and Damaging Winds in Illinois, July 28, 2023EF0 · 18 eventsVery hot and humid air in place across eastern Iowa, northwest Illinois, and far northeast Missouri interacted with a southward moving frontal boundary and disturbance aloft, setting the stage for development and organization of severe thunderstorms across the region.
• Tornado and Hail in Ohio, July 28 to 29, 2023$58,000 · EF1 · 8 eventsStorms developed along a stalled frontal boundary on the evening of July 28th. These storms developed in clusters and were slow moving with heavy rain. They also produced sporadic wind damage across northwest Ohio. An EF1 tornado also occurred in Defiance County.
• Flash Flood and Damaging Wind in Utah, July 28 to 31, 202356 kt wind · 2 eventsThe ongoing active pattern lessened somewhat, but enough moisture and support remained to trigger isolated to scattered showers and thunderstorms which resulted in a few instances of strong wind gusts and flash flooding.
• Hail and Damaging Winds in South Dakota, July 28, 20231 in hail · 5 eventsA supercell thunderstorm developed over the southern Black Hills overnight and tracked southeast across eastern Fall River County. The storm produced large hail and wind gusts to 70 mph.
• Hail in Wyoming, July 28, 20231 in hail · 1 eventA supercell thunderstorm developed over Crook County, producing large hail south of Devils Tower.
• Damaging Winds in Indiana, July 29, 2023$22,000 · 50 kt wind · 4 eventsA decaying line of storms moved through during the overnight hours from July 28th into the 29th. Much of the line remained sub-severe, but a few isolated 58-60 mph wind gusts caused tree damage and minor roof damage.
• Flash Flooding and Damaging Winds in Ohio, July 29, 2023$15,000 · 50 kt wind · 5 eventsA mesoscale convective system affected eastern Ohio during the morning of July 29th. Much of the convection was elevated, and only isolated wind damage reports were received.
• Damaging Winds in Ohio, July 29, 2023$140,000 · 50 kt wind · 31 eventsThunderstorms moved through the region during the early morning hours ahead of an approaching cold front.
• Damaging Winds in Indiana, July 29, 2023$11,000 · 54 kt wind · 3 eventsThunderstorms moved through the region during the early morning hours ahead of an approaching cold front.
• Hail and Damaging Winds in Nebraska, July 29, 20231 in hail · 11 eventsA large cluster of thunderstorms merged into a quasi squall line across the Sandhills into central Nebraska during the pre-dawn hours of July 29, resulting in multiple wind damage and high gust reports.
• Damaging Winds in Rhode Island, July 29, 2023$800 · 54 kt wind · 2 eventsA shortwave disturbance and potent cold front brought multiple rounds of thunderstorms to Rhode Island in the afternoon and evening.
• Tornado and Damaging Winds in Nebraska, July 29, 2023$907,000 · EF1 · 15 eventsAn upper level ridge was centered from the Four Corners Region to Arkansas. South central and central Nebraska were on the northern edge of this ridge. A weak upper trough extended over much of the Midwest.
• Damaging Winds in Kentucky, July 29, 2023$62,000 · 52 kt wind · 25 eventsA cold front approached Kentucky from the northwest overnight, and passed through the state during the afternoon and evening hours.
• Flash Flood in Georgia, July 29, 2023$600 · 1 eventAn upper low, surface tropical wave, and a very moist atmosphere combined to produce rain in the Central Savannah River Area during the morning, which resulted in flooding of roads in Augusta.
• Tornado and Damaging Winds in Nebraska, July 29, 2023EF1 · 23 eventsA line of storms developed in central Nebraska where they merged and began to bow as it approached southeast Nebraska. The surging storms produced widespread wind damage downing trees, powerlines, and removed the roof from a hog barn.
• Damaging Wind in Kansas, July 29, 202352 kt wind · 1 eventAn MCS in Nebraska moved south into northern KS early on 7/29 and produced one report of a severe wind gust in Marshall County.
• Damaging Winds in Missouri, July 29, 202363 kt wind · 25 eventsOn the morning of July 29th, a squall line moved out of southeastern Nebraska and into NW Missouri, eventually moving east southeast into central and northern Missouri before exiting into WFO St. Louis's area.
• Damaging Winds in New York, July 29, 2023$4,000 · 50 kt wind · 2 eventsThunderstorms developed ahead of an approaching convective system across north-central New York late in the morning hours. One lone storm became severe with damaging wind gusts, though there were only a couple reports of trees and wires down.
• Flash Flooding in New York, July 29, 20235 eventsA mid-level impulse and stalled out frontal boundary resulted in slow moving thunderstorms across the western Niagara Frontier that produced heavy rain and flash flooding. There were also waterspouts on Lake Erie in the afternoon as the impulse crossed the area.
• Flash Flooding and Hail in New Hampshire, July 29, 20231.25 in hail · 5 eventsA stalled frontal boundary and surface low pressure began to slowly lift northward into the southeast New Hampshire through the Midcoast of Maine on the afternoon of the 29th. Showers and thunderstorms developed along the boundary and moved eastward.
• Damaging Winds in Georgia, July 29 to 30, 2023$11,000 · 55 kt wind · 19 eventsA typical summer pattern persisted with scattered thunderstorms across the area with a few reports of severe weather.
• Tornado and Flash Flooding in Massachusetts, July 29, 2023$16,000 · EF0 · 19 eventsA shortwave disturbance and potent cold front brought multiple rounds of thunderstorms to Massachusetts in the afternoon and evening including a tornado in the Foxboro area. Flash flooding was also an issue with many cars becoming stuck in water and many closed roads.
• Damaging Winds in Missouri, July 29, 20231 injured · 69 kt wind · 27 eventsA severe mesoscale convective system (MCS) moved through the forecast area during the afternoon hours producing widespread 60-70mph winds and associated damage. The complex moved to the southeast taking advantage of 3500-4500 J/kg of surface-based CAPE.
• Damaging Winds in Tennessee, July 29, 202352 kt wind · 15 eventsTwo mesoscale convective systems moved through East Tennessee, each with bowing structures contained within. These clusters of thunderstorms brought damaging winds to a widespread portion of East Tennessee.
• Damaging Winds in Virginia, July 29, 20231 death · $26 million · 78 kt wind · 28 eventsA strong cold front intersected a very hot, humid, and unstable airmass across the Mid-Atlantic shortly after peak heating.
• Flash Flooding in Maine, July 29, 20234 eventsA stalled frontal boundary and surface low pressure began to slowly lift northward into the southeast New Hampshire through the Midcoast of Maine on the afternoon of the 29th. Showers and thunderstorms developed along the boundary and moved eastward.
• Damaging Winds in Pennsylvania, July 29, 2023$42,000 · 78 kt wind · 4 eventsScattered showers and thunderstorms developed over central Pennsylvania during the afternoon of July 29, 2023, ahead of an approaching cold front.
• Damaging Winds in Maryland, July 29, 2023$27 million · 74 kt wind · 37 eventsA strong cold front intersected a very hot, humid, and unstable airmass across the Mid-Atlantic shortly after peak heating.
• Damaging Winds in Tennessee, July 29, 2023$81,000 · 70 kt wind · 10 eventsTwo rounds of thunderstorms impacted Middle Tennessee during the afternoon and evening hours of July 29, 2023. The first round during the afternoon was the most severe, taking advantage of plentiful amounts of daytime instability.
• Damaging Winds in Virginia, July 29, 2023$500 · 50 kt wind · 2 eventsAfternoon thunderstorms outrunning a cold front led to several strong to severe storms in southwest Virginia.
• Damaging Winds in District of Columbia, July 29, 20232 injured · $25 million · 73 kt wind · 2 eventsA strong cold front intersected a very hot, humid, and unstable airmass across the Mid-Atlantic shortly after peak heating.
• Damaging Winds in Virginia, July 29, 202352 kt wind · 3 eventsClusters of thunderstorms moving across Virginia bring fairly widespread damaging winds to southwest Virginia.
• Damaging Winds in Illinois, July 29, 20233 injured · 61 kt wind · 13 eventsA severe MCS moved through the forecast area during the afternoon hours producing widespread 60-70mph winds and associated damage. The complex moved to the southeast taking advantage of 3500-4500 J/kg of surface-based CAPE.
• Damaging Winds in Virginia, July 29, 2023$95,000 · 60 kt wind · 34 eventsAn upper level area of low pressure and and associated cold front dropped into the the Mid-Atlantic region. Storms erupted by midday, aided in part by large-scale forcing, but also driven by diurnal heating and unstable air.
• Damaging Winds in Florida, July 29 to 30, 2023$4,000 · 50 kt wind · 12 eventsA typical summer pattern persisted with scattered thunderstorms across the area with a few reports of severe weather.
• Damaging Winds in Maryland, July 29, 202361 kt wind · 23 eventsA strong cold front moved through, with widespread showers and thunderstorms moving through. Some severe storms produced damaging wind gusts.
• Damaging Winds in Delaware, July 29, 202350 kt wind · 8 eventsA strong cold front moved through, with widespread showers and thunderstorms moving through. Some severe storms produced damaging wind gusts.
• Damaging Winds in New Jersey, July 29, 202350 kt wind · 20 eventsA strong cold front moved through, with widespread showers and thunderstorms moving through. Some severe storms produced damaging wind gusts.
• Damaging Winds in Pennsylvania, July 29, 202350 kt wind · 8 eventsA strong cold front moved through, with widespread showers and thunderstorms moving through. Some severe storms produced damaging wind gusts.
• Hail and Damaging Winds in North Carolina, July 29, 20231 in hail · 12 eventsA line of strong-to-severe thunderstorms moved into western North Carolina from east Tennessee during the late afternoon and evening. Isolated embedded cells produced locally damaging wind gusts.
• Damaging Winds in North Carolina, July 29, 2023$73,000 · 65 kt wind · 12 eventsAn upper level area of low pressure and and associated cold front dropped into the the Mid-Atlantic region. Storms erupted by midday, aided in part by large-scale forcing, but also driven by diurnal heating and unstable air.
• Damaging Wind in Missouri, July 29, 202350 kt wind · 1 eventA bowing line of strong to severe thunderstorms moved rapidly southeast from central Missouri. This line was associated with strong to isolated damaging winds.
• Damaging Winds in Virginia, July 29, 2023$104,000 · 50 kt wind · 25 eventsA broken line of severe thunderstorm produced damaging winds across portions of central and south central Virginia, and the Virginia Northern Neck on July 29.
• Damaging Winds in Illinois, July 29, 2023$433,000 · 65 kt wind · 14 eventsA bowing line of strong to severe thunderstorms moved rapidly southeast across southern Illinois. This line was associated with numerous pockets of wind damage.
• Damaging Winds in Maryland, July 29, 2023$34,000 · 70 kt wind · 5 eventsA line of severe thunderstorm produced damaging winds across the Lower Maryland Eastern Shore on July 29.
• Damaging Winds in New York, July 29, 2023$40,000 · 56 kt wind · 12 eventsA shortwave/convectively induced vort translated out of the Great Lakes Region as a cold front approached at the surface. A line of severe thunderstorms moved through southeast NY and produced damaging wind gusts.
• Damaging Winds in Missouri, July 29, 2023$20,000 · 52 kt wind · 15 eventsStorms that developed along the advancing cold front on the evening of the 29th produced damaging wind gusts mainly along and south of Highway 60 from Monett to West Plains. Rainfall accumulations averaged between one-half inch and one and a half inches.
• Damaging Winds in North Carolina, July 29, 202350 kt wind · 10 eventsScattered to numerous showers and thunderstorms developed across Virginia ahead of a surface trough and cold front across the Ohio Valley and southern Appalachian region.
• Damaging Winds in South Carolina, July 29, 202350 kt wind · 3 eventsA line of thunderstorms moved out of western North Carolina into northern portions of the Upstate during the evening. A couple of storms produced brief damaging wind gusts.
• Damaging Winds in Connecticut, July 29, 2023$5,000 · 50 kt wind · 7 eventsA shortwave disturbance and potent cold front brought multiple rounds of thunderstorms to Connecticut in the afternoon and evening.
• Damaging Winds in Connecticut, July 29, 2023$13,000 · 55 kt wind · 3 eventsA shortwave/convectively induced vort translated out of the Great Lakes Region as a cold front approached at the surface. A line of severe thunderstorms moved through southern CT and produced damaging wind gusts.
• Damaging Wind in Illinois, July 29, 202352 kt wind · 1 eventA thunderstorm complex that developed over Nebraska during the early morning hours of July 29th tracked southeast across Missouri and eventually progressed into Illinois by the late afternoon.
• Tornado in Colorado, July 29, 20231 eventA tornado touched down briefly in open country, east of State Highway 79 about 14 miles north-northeast of Bennett. No damage was observed.
• Damaging Winds in Kentucky, July 29, 20231 death · $77,000 · 56 kt wind · 8 eventsA bowing line of strong to severe thunderstorms moved rapidly southeast from southern Illinois across far western Kentucky. This line was associated with numerous pockets of wind damage.
• Hail and Damaging Winds in North Dakota, July 29, 20231.75 in hail · 6 eventsThunderstorms developed over western North Dakota in an environment with strong deep layer shear and elevated instability. Some of these storms became severe, producing large hail and strong wind gusts.
• Damaging Winds in Arkansas, July 29 to 31, 2023$125,000 · 61 kt wind · 8 eventsSevere weather made it into places near the Missouri border during the evening of the 29th. Trees were flattened at Ash Flat (Sharp County), Black Rock (Lawrence County), and Gamaliel (Baxter County).
• Damaging Wind in Georgia, July 29, 202350 kt wind · 1 eventScattered thunderstorms and storm clusters moved over northeast Georgia during the evening. One of the storms produced brief damaging wind gusts in Hart County.
• Flash Flooding and Hail in Colorado, July 29 to 31, 20231.5 in hail · 53 eventsSurface flow from the east advected amply amounts of low level moisture which created another event where heavy rains, hail, and gusty winds were observed. Weak perturbations in the upper flow sparked thunderstorms across the region.
• Hail and Damaging Winds in South Dakota, July 29, 20231.25 in hail · 9 eventsA long-lived supercell thunderstorm tracked from southwestern North Dakota across portions of northwestern and west central South Dakota during the evening hours. The storm produced large hail and wind gusts around 70 mph along its path.
• Damaging Wind in Indiana, July 29, 202351 kt wind · 1 eventNorthwest flow in the mid- and upper-levels of the atmosphere placed central Kentucky and southern Indiana on the edge of a ring of fire type pattern for several days at the end of July 2023.
• Flash Flood in Arizona, July 29, 20231 eventDeep monsoon moisture allowed for the development of a strong thunderstorm north of Supai. This caused a flash flood in Havasu Creek.
• Damaging Wind in Arizona, July 29, 2023$30,000 · 66 kt wind · 1 eventScattered thunderstorms developed and moved west across portions of southeast Arizona during the late afternoon and evening. Thunderstorm winds caused damage in southeast Tucson.
• Hail and Damaging Winds in Montana, July 29 to 30, 20231 in hail · 3 eventsA cold front moved through northeast Montana producing strong to severe thunderstorms.
• Hail in North Dakota, July 30, 2023$2,000 · 1.75 in hail · 10 eventsThunderstorms formed during the early morning hours as an upper level short-wave moved into an environment of enhanced instability and strong deep layer shear. Some of these storms became severe over southwest and south central North Dakota, producing large hail.
• Hail in Nebraska, July 30, 20231 in hail · 2 eventsAn upper level ridge extended from the Desert Southwest and south Texas northward to Nebraska and Wyoming. During the early to mid-morning hours, the temperature was in the mid to upper 60s and the dewpoint was also in the mid to upper 60s across south central Nebraska.
• Hail in South Dakota, July 30, 20231.75 in hail · 10 eventsThunderstorms developed along a warm front during the morning, bringing severe weather to central and north central South Dakota. The storms produced quarter size to golfball size hail, with the latter falling in Akaska.
• Hail in South Dakota, July 30, 2023$19,000 · 2.5 in hail · 8 eventsA weak mid-level wave set off discrete hail producing thunderstorms across southeast South Dakota during the late morning and early afternoon.
• Hail in South Dakota, July 30, 20233.25 in hail · 12 eventsA supercell thunderstorm developed over the central Black Hills, producing very large hail larger than baseballs from Pactola Reservoir to Sheridan Lake and eastward to the Rockerville area.
• Flash Flooding and Damaging Wind in Arizona, July 30 to 31, 202352 kt wind · 5 eventsDeep monsoon moisture continued to move across northern Arizona with strong to severe thunderstorms.
• Hail in Nebraska, July 30, 20230.75 in hail · 2 eventsA weak mid-level wave set off discrete hail producing thunderstorms across northeast Nebraska during the afternoon.
• Damaging Winds in South Carolina, July 30, 202351 kt wind · 2 eventsScattered thunderstorms developed during the afternoon and evening, one of which produced wind damage.
• Hail and Damaging Wind in Nebraska, July 30, 20232 in hail · 5 eventsStorms developed in the afternoon as an upper-level short-wave moved across the area. Unorganized storms developed and produced a few hail reports with the largest reported hailstone being 2-inches near Creston in Madison County.
• Damaging Winds and Lightning Strike in Mississippi, July 30, 2023$210,000 · 53 kt wind · 13 eventsScattered storms developed across the eastern part of the state and evolved southward and produced damaging winds.
• Damaging Wind in North Carolina, July 30, 202350 kt wind · 1 eventIsolated thunderstorms developed over the North Carolina Piedmont during the afternoon. One of the storms produced brief damaging wind gusts in Union County.
• Damaging Winds in Alabama, July 30, 2023$2,000 · 50 kt wind · 2 eventsA typical summer pattern persisted with scattered thunderstorms across the area with a few reports of severe weather.
• Damaging Winds in North Carolina, July 30, 2023$5,000 · 50 kt wind · 3 eventsA southward moving cold front and an upper-level disturbance over Tennessee and Kentucky led to development of isolated thunderstorms over the southern Piedmont of central North Carolina during the late-afternoon and evening.
• Damaging Winds in Georgia, July 30, 202350 kt wind · 9 eventsA mean westerly steering flow pushed a progressive Gulf sea breeze inland and pinned the Atlantic sea breeze between I-95 and the Atlantic coast in the afternoon where explosive convection developed over a very moist and unstable airmass.
• Lightning Strike in Florida, July 30, 2023$13,000 · 1 eventA tree in Sumter County was struck by lightning and fell on house.
• Hail in Iowa, July 30, 20231.25 in hail · 1 eventStorms developed in the afternoon as an upper-level short-wave moved across the area. Unorganized storms developed and produced 1.25-inch hail in western Pottawattamie County.
• Lightning Strike in Montana, July 30, 2023$70,000 · 1 eventScattered mostly dry thunderstorms developed on the afternoon on the 28th with subsequent lightning leading to a fire that damaged a local hay crop.
• Hail in Wyoming, July 30, 20231 in hail · 1 eventA thunderstorm briefly became severe over northeastern Campbell County, producing large hail north of Weston.
• Hail and Damaging Winds in Montana, July 30, 20231.5 in hail · 19 eventsAfternoon surface heating combined with an embedded disturbance, which generated multiple strong to severe thunderstorms which lasted into the nighttime hours.
• Hail and Damaging Winds in Missouri, July 30, 20231 injured · $3.4 million · 1.25 in hail · 76 eventsAn unusually strong upper level disturbance dropped southward from the northern Plains into western Missouri during the evening of the 30th and continued southward through the early morning of the 31st.
• Damaging Winds in Georgia, July 30, 2023$2,000 · 50 kt wind · 7 eventsClusters of strong thunderstorms developed in the late afternoon hours ahead of a cold front across central Georgia. These thunderstorms then tracked to the east through the evening into southeast Georgia and produced damaging wind gusts.
• Hail in Colorado, July 30, 20232.5 in hail · 3 eventsSevere thunderstorms produced large hail in Logan and Morgan counties. Hail up to tennis ball size was observed in Logan County, with hail up to quarter size in Morgan County.
• Hail and Damaging Winds in Wyoming, July 30, 20232.75 in hail · 14 eventsA long-lived supercell thunderstorm developed along the Montana border in northern Campbell County and tracked southeast through far northeastern Wyoming. The storm produced large hail and very strong wind gusts to 80 mph, causing considerable damage in some areas.

Every billion-dollar disasterEvery storm of 2023Tornadoes in 2023

NOAA NCEI, U.S. Billion-Dollar Weather and Climate Disasters (2025), https://doi.org/10.25921/stkw-7w73, and the Storm Events Database for the episodes.