Alert archive / New York / Cayuga County
Weather alerts in Cayuga County, New York, 2008
225 weather alerts in 2008, from the National Weather Service and the Storm Prediction Center. An alert counts here when it covered this county.
Cayuga County and its neighbors
Each county as a circle sized by its count in 2008. Tap one for its archive.
- Alerts
- 225
- Warnings
- 80
- Watches
- 34
- Advisories
- 72
- Busiest month
- June38 alerts
- Busiest day
- June 16, 200813 alerts
Over time
By month
Warning verification
How often warnings here had a storm report inside them, and how much warning the reports had.
Cayuga County, 2008
| Warnings | With a report | False alarm ratio | Reports | Inside a warning | Mean lead time | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tornado warnings | 0 | 0 | ||||
| Severe thunderstorm warnings | 54 | 34 | 37% | 28 | 82% | 29 min |
| Flash flood warnings | 0 | 0 |
Each office's whole area, 2008
| Warnings | With a report | False alarm ratio | Reports | Inside a warning | Mean lead time | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NWS Buffalo, NY: tornado warnings | 1 | 0 | 100% | 0 | ||
| NWS Buffalo, NY: severe thunderstorm warnings | 166 | 92 | 45% | 184 | 90% | 23 min |
| NWS Buffalo, NY: flash flood warnings | 10 | 6 | 40% | 14 | 57% | 40 min |
| NWS Binghamton, NY: tornado warnings | 4 | 0 | 100% | 1 | 0% | |
| NWS Binghamton, NY: severe thunderstorm warnings | 280 | 150 | 46% | 327 | 87% | 26 min |
| NWS Binghamton, NY: flash flood warnings | 17 | 11 | 35% | 28 | 82% | 61 min |
An office's figures cover every county it serves, including across state lines.
Verified by the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's Cow, which matches each storm-based warning with the local storm reports inside its polygon while it was in force, within 15 km of its edge: a tornado warning counts as verified on a tornado report, a severe thunderstorm warning on hail of 1 inch or more, a gust of 58 mph or more, or wind damage, a flash flood warning on a flash flood report. The false alarm ratio is the share of warnings with no such report; "inside a warning" is the probability of detection, the share of reports that fell inside one; lead time runs from the warning's issue to each report inside it, counting zero for a report that came first. A warning with no report is not proof nothing happened: reports come from spotters, the public and damage surveys, and are thin where few people live.
The alerts
Every alert, in the order issued. Times are local, Eastern Time. Each opens its own page with the text, the map, the radar and the sounding.
| Issued | Product | Office | Lasted |
|---|---|---|---|
| Jan 1, 2:56 PM EST | Lake Effect Snow Advisory | BGM | 13 hr |
| Jan 8, 4:00 AM EST | Wind Advisory | BUF | 39 hr |
| Jan 8, 2:22 PM EST | Wind Advisory | BGM | 28 hr |
| Jan 9, 3:31 AM EST | Severe Thunderstorm Watch | SPC | 4 hr |
| Jan 9, 3:50 AM EST | Mesoscale Discussion | SPC | 115 min |
| Jan 9, 5:40 AM EST | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | BUF | 35 min |
| Jan 9, 5:49 AM EST | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | BGM | 56 min |
| Jan 19, 3:36 AM EST | Lake Effect Snow Warning | BUF | 57 hr |
| Jan 23, 3:23 PM EST | Lake Effect Snow Advisory | BUF | 24 hr |
| Jan 28, 2:40 PM EST | High Wind Watch | BGM | 24 hr |
| Jan 28, 3:16 PM EST | High Wind Watch | BUF | 19 hr |
| Jan 28, 10:51 PM EST | Freezing Rain Advisory | BUF | 11 hr |
| Jan 29, 4:14 AM EST | Freezing Rain Advisory | BGM | 8 hr |
| Jan 29, 10:30 AM EST | High Wind Warning | BUF | 34 hr |
| Jan 29, 2:10 PM EST | High Wind Warning | BGM | 22 hr |
| Jan 29, 2:10 PM EST | Wind Advisory | BGM | 25 hr |
| Jan 30, 3:54 AM EST | Winter Weather Advisory | BUF | 11 hr |
| Jan 30, 2:51 PM EST | Winter Storm Watch | BGM | 25 hr |
| Jan 31, 3:26 PM EST | Winter Weather Advisory | BGM | 24 hr |
| Jan 31, 3:27 PM EST | Winter Storm Warning | BUF | 36 hr |
| Jan 31, 3:27 PM EST | Winter Weather Advisory | BUF | 15 hr |
| Feb 1, 6:43 AM EST | Ice Storm Warning | BGM | 13 hr |
| Feb 1, 7:36 AM EST | Mesoscale Discussion | SPC | 5 hr |
| Feb 1, 1:15 PM EST | Mesoscale Discussion | SPC | 4 hr |
| Feb 5, 3:43 AM EST | Flood Watch | BGM | 47 hr |
| Feb 5, 2:55 PM EST | Winter Weather Advisory | BGM | 34 hr |
| Feb 5, 3:45 PM EST | Winter Weather Advisory | BUF | 36 hr |
| Feb 6, 1:29 PM EST | Mesoscale Discussion | SPC | 6 hr |
| Feb 6, 7:58 PM EST | Mesoscale Discussion | SPC | 6 hr |
| Feb 9, 4:54 AM EST | Wind Advisory | BUF | 40 hr |
| Feb 9, 3:38 PM EST | Wind Advisory | BGM | 28 hr |
| Feb 9, 4:30 PM EST | Lake Effect Snow and Blowing Snow Advisory | BUF | 38 hr |
| Feb 9, 4:30 PM EST | Lake Effect Snow Watch | BUF | 12 hr |
| Feb 10, 4:45 AM EST | Lake Effect Snow Warning | BUF | 41 hr |
| Feb 10, 10:03 AM EST | Wind Chill Advisory | BUF | 26 hr |
| Feb 10, 3:24 PM EST | Wind Chill Advisory | BGM | 20 hr |
| Feb 11, 4:16 AM EST | Winter Storm Watch | BGM | 25 hr |
| Feb 11, 12:10 PM EST | Winter Storm Watch | BUF | 16 hr |
| Feb 12, 4:22 AM EST | Winter Storm Warning | BUF | 29 hr |
| Feb 12, 4:47 AM EST | Winter Storm Warning | BGM | 17 hr |
| Feb 12, 4:47 AM EST | Winter Weather Advisory | BGM | 30 hr |
| Feb 12, 7:41 PM EST | Mesoscale Discussion | SPC | 6 hr |
| Feb 12, 9:24 PM EST | Winter Weather Advisory | BUF | 12 hr |
| Feb 15, 3:21 PM EST | Lake Effect Snow Advisory | BUF | 21 hr |
| Feb 20, 3:50 PM EST | Lake Effect Snow Advisory | BUF | 11 hr |
| Feb 25, 3:45 AM EST | Winter Storm Watch | BUF | 12 hr |
| Feb 25, 4:10 AM EST | Winter Storm Watch | BGM | 11 hr |
| Feb 25, 3:15 PM EST | Winter Storm Warning | BGM | 36 hr |
| Feb 25, 3:25 PM EST | Winter Storm Warning | BUF | 37 hr |
| Feb 26, 12:13 PM EST | Mesoscale Discussion | SPC | 6 hr |
| Mar 3, 4:27 AM EST | Winter Storm Watch | BUF | 25 hr |
| Mar 3, 5:06 AM EST | Winter Storm Watch | BGM | 16 hr |
| Mar 3, 9:28 PM EST | Winter Storm Warning | BGM | 35 hr |
| Mar 4, 4:58 AM EST | Winter Storm Warning | BUF | 29 hr |
| Mar 6, 2:52 PM EST | Winter Storm Watch | BUF | 14 hr |
| Mar 6, 3:33 PM EST | Winter Storm Watch | BGM | 12 hr |
| Mar 7, 4:01 AM EST | Winter Storm Warning | BGM | 34 hr |
| Mar 7, 4:01 AM EST | Winter Weather Advisory | BGM | 66 hr |
| Mar 7, 4:45 AM EST | Winter Storm Warning | BUF | 47 hr |
| Mar 8, 6:16 AM EST | Mesoscale Discussion | SPC | 6 hr |
| Mar 8, 2:19 PM EST | Wind Advisory | BGM | 18 hr |
| Mar 18, 3:52 PM EDT | Flood Watch | BGM | 35 hr |
| Mar 20, 3:38 PM EDT | Lake Effect Snow Advisory | BUF | 12 hr |
| Mar 27, 2:57 PM EDT | Winter Weather Advisory | BGM | 18 hr |
| Mar 27, 3:13 PM EDT | Winter Weather Advisory | BUF | 14 hr |
| Mar 30, 2:36 PM EDT | Winter Weather Advisory | BGM | 23 hr |
| Mar 31, 3:48 PM EDT | Wind Advisory | BUF | 28 hr |
| Apr 12, 2:37 AM EDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | BUF | 23 min |
| Apr 12, 3:05 AM EDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | BGM | 25 min |
| Apr 23, 5:40 PM EDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | BGM | 50 min |
| Apr 26, 2:16 PM EDT | Mesoscale Discussion | SPC | 59 min |
| Apr 26, 5:32 PM EDT | Areal Flood Advisory | BUF | 3 hr |
| Apr 30, 3:05 AM EDT | Frost Advisory | BUF | 29 hr |
| Apr 30, 3:18 AM EDT | Freeze Warning | BGM | 30 hr |
| May 4, 3:00 PM EDT | Frost Advisory | BGM | 17 hr |
| May 31, 2:55 PM EDT | Mesoscale Discussion | SPC | 65 min |
| May 31, 5:46 PM EDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | BGM | 44 min |
| May 31, 6:13 PM EDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | BGM | 29 min |
| Jun 5, 2:34 PM EDT | Mesoscale Discussion | SPC | 86 min |
| Jun 6, 2:45 AM EDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | BUF | 60 min |
| Jun 8, 12:15 PM EDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | BGM | 45 min |
| Jun 8, 12:39 PM EDT | Severe Thunderstorm Watch | SPC | 7 hr |
| Jun 10, 9:43 AM EDT | Mesoscale Discussion | SPC | 2 hr |
| Jun 10, 10:02 AM EDT | Tornado Watch | SPC | 8 hr |
| Jun 10, 10:41 AM EDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | BUF | 55 min |
| Jun 10, 10:45 AM EDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | BGM | 45 min |
| Jun 10, 11:09 AM EDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | BGM | 51 min |
| Jun 10, 11:30 AM EDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | BGM | 60 min |
| Jun 10, 2:54 PM EDT | Severe Thunderstorm Watch | SPC | 7 hr |
| Jun 10, 3:49 PM EDT | Mesoscale Discussion | SPC | 116 min |
| Jun 10, 5:55 PM EDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | BGM | 50 min |
| Jun 13, 7:02 PM EDT | Mesoscale Discussion | SPC | 88 min |
| Jun 16, 10:19 AM EDT | Mesoscale Discussion | SPC | 2 hr |
| Jun 16, 11:28 AM EDT | Severe Thunderstorm Watch | SPC | 10 hr |
| Jun 16, 1:21 PM EDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | BUF | 54 min |
| Jun 16, 1:23 PM EDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | BGM | 67 min |
| Jun 16, 2:10 PM EDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | BGM | 65 min |
| Jun 16, 2:15 PM EDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | BUF | 20 min |
| Jun 16, 2:41 PM EDT | Mesoscale Discussion | SPC | 64 min |
| Jun 16, 2:56 PM EDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | BGM | 49 min |
| Jun 16, 3:44 PM EDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | BGM | 46 min |
| Jun 16, 5:53 PM EDT | Mesoscale Discussion | SPC | 67 min |
| Jun 16, 6:44 PM EDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | BUF | 61 min |
| Jun 16, 7:37 PM EDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | BGM | 38 min |
| Jun 16, 7:43 PM EDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | BGM | 33 min |
| Jun 21, 1:12 PM EDT | Mesoscale Discussion | SPC | 93 min |
| Jun 22, 1:42 PM EDT | Mesoscale Discussion | SPC | 93 min |
| Jun 22, 2:24 PM EDT | Severe Thunderstorm Watch | SPC | 6 hr |
| Jun 27, 2:32 PM EDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | BGM | 58 min |
| Jun 27, 3:28 PM EDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | BGM | 29 min |
| Jun 28, 10:56 AM EDT | Mesoscale Discussion | SPC | 3 hr |
| Jun 28, 6:06 PM EDT | Mesoscale Discussion | SPC | 84 min |
| Jun 28, 6:31 PM EDT | Severe Thunderstorm Watch | SPC | 5 hr |
| Jun 29, 12:11 PM EDT | Severe Thunderstorm Watch | SPC | 8 hr |
| Jun 29, 4:14 PM EDT | Mesoscale Discussion | SPC | 91 min |
| Jun 29, 7:13 PM EDT | Mesoscale Discussion | SPC | 92 min |
| Jul 16, 3:48 PM EDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | BGM | 57 min |
| Jul 16, 4:20 PM EDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | BGM | 55 min |
| Jul 16, 4:42 PM EDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | BGM | 63 min |
| Jul 16, 4:59 PM EDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | BGM | 61 min |
| Jul 16, 5:19 PM EDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | BGM | 45 min |
| Jul 16, 5:33 PM EDT | Mesoscale Discussion | SPC | 57 min |
| Jul 16, 6:24 PM EDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | BGM | 21 min |
| Jul 16, 8:11 PM EDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | BGM | 52 min |
| Jul 16, 8:28 PM EDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | BGM | 34 min |
| Jul 18, 12:44 PM EDT | Mesoscale Discussion | SPC | 61 min |
| Jul 19, 12:04 PM EDT | Mesoscale Discussion | SPC | 116 min |
| Jul 19, 3:03 PM EDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | BGM | 29 min |
| Jul 20, 12:53 PM EDT | Mesoscale Discussion | SPC | 2 hr |
| Jul 20, 2:11 PM EDT | Severe Thunderstorm Watch | SPC | 8 hr |
| Jul 20, 2:51 PM EDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | BGM | 54 min |
| Jul 20, 3:20 PM EDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | BGM | 25 min |
| Jul 20, 3:37 PM EDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | BGM | 38 min |
| Jul 20, 4:10 PM EDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | BGM | 50 min |
| Jul 21, 1:29 PM EDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | BGM | 37 min |
| Jul 21, 2:09 PM EDT | Mesoscale Discussion | SPC | 66 min |
| Jul 23, 2:41 AM EDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | BUF | 64 min |
| Jul 23, 2:12 PM EDT | Severe Thunderstorm Watch | SPC | 6 hr |
| Jul 24, 1:56 PM EDT | Mesoscale Discussion | SPC | 2 hr |
| Jul 24, 6:03 PM EDT | Mesoscale Discussion | SPC | 87 min |
| Jul 26, 10:16 AM EDT | Mesoscale Discussion | SPC | 119 min |
| Jul 26, 4:37 PM EDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | BUF | 68 min |
| Jul 26, 4:53 PM EDT | Mesoscale Discussion | SPC | 97 min |
| Jul 26, 5:32 PM EDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | BUF | 58 min |
| Jul 26, 8:02 PM EDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | BGM | 43 min |
| Jul 26, 8:38 PM EDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | BGM | 67 min |
| Jul 26, 9:06 PM EDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | BGM | 39 min |
| Jul 26, 9:24 PM EDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | BGM | 36 min |
| Jul 26, 9:25 PM EDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | BGM | 35 min |
| Jul 28, 1:58 PM EDT | Mesoscale Discussion | SPC | 2 hr |
| Jul 28, 2:28 PM EDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | BUF | 26 min |
| Aug 7, 11:34 AM EDT | Mesoscale Discussion | SPC | 116 min |
| Aug 7, 11:56 AM EDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | BUF | 64 min |
| Aug 7, 1:04 PM EDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | BGM | 56 min |
| Aug 7, 4:14 PM EDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | BGM | 46 min |
| Aug 7, 4:25 PM EDT | Mesoscale Discussion | SPC | 65 min |
| Aug 7, 4:49 PM EDT | Areal Flood Advisory | BGM | 82 min |
| Aug 10, 4:45 PM EDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | BUF | 60 min |
| Aug 10, 5:49 PM EDT | Areal Flood Advisory | BUF | 3 hr |
| Aug 10, 6:14 PM EDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | BGM | 61 min |
| Aug 10, 7:02 PM EDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | BGM | 58 min |
| Aug 18, 3:12 PM EDT | Severe Thunderstorm Watch | SPC | 7 hr |
| Aug 18, 8:42 PM EDT | Mesoscale Discussion | SPC | 93 min |
| Sep 14, 12:27 PM EDT | Wind Advisory | BUF | 18 hr |
| Sep 14, 10:19 PM EDT | Wind Advisory | BGM | 8 hr |
| Sep 17, 2:36 PM EDT | Freeze Watch | BGM | 12 hr |
| Sep 18, 2:21 AM EDT | Frost Advisory | BGM | 30 hr |
| Oct 6, 3:11 AM EDT | Frost Advisory | BGM | 30 hr |
| Oct 6, 4:21 AM EDT | Frost Advisory | BUF | 28 hr |
| Oct 7, 2:55 PM EDT | Frost Advisory | BGM | 17 hr |
| Oct 7, 3:06 PM EDT | Frost Advisory | BUF | 15 hr |
| Oct 17, 3:09 PM EDT | Frost Advisory | BGM | 13 hr |
| Oct 17, 3:39 PM EDT | Freeze Watch | BUF | 12 hr |
| Oct 17, 8:23 PM EDT | Frost Advisory | BUF | 12 hr |
| Oct 18, 3:18 AM EDT | Freeze Warning | BUF | 29 hr |
| Oct 18, 3:41 AM EDT | Freeze Warning | BGM | 28 hr |
| Oct 28, 3:33 AM EDT | Lake Effect Snow Advisory | BUF | 36 hr |
| Oct 28, 9:09 PM EDT | Wind Advisory | BGM | 8 hr |
| Nov 16, 5:00 AM EST | Lake Effect Snow Advisory | BUF | 3 days |
| Nov 17, 3:27 PM EST | Lake Effect Snow Advisory | BGM | 21 hr |
| Nov 18, 9:21 AM EST | Lake Effect Snow Warning | BUF | 24 hr |
| Nov 18, 3:13 PM EST | Lake Effect Snow Advisory | BGM | 21 hr |
| Nov 19, 3:58 PM EST | Lake Effect Snow Watch | BUF | 36 hr |
| Nov 20, 4:02 AM EST | Lake Effect Snow Watch | BGM | 23 hr |
| Nov 20, 10:16 AM EST | Lake Effect Snow Warning | BUF | 59 hr |
| Nov 21, 2:57 AM EST | Lake Effect Snow Warning | BGM | 43 hr |
| Nov 30, 3:48 AM EST | Winter Weather Advisory | BUF | 23 hr |
| Nov 30, 4:25 AM EST | Winter Weather Advisory | BGM | 22 hr |
| Dec 6, 4:57 AM EST | Lake Effect Snow Advisory | BUF | 38 hr |
| Dec 6, 2:08 PM EST | Lake Effect Snow Advisory | BGM | 29 hr |
| Dec 8, 10:11 PM EST | Winter Weather Advisory | BUF | 12 hr |
| Dec 10, 3:42 PM EST | Winter Storm Watch | BGM | 12 hr |
| Dec 11, 3:41 AM EST | Winter Weather Advisory | BGM | 30 hr |
| Dec 12, 11:32 AM EST | Lake Effect Snow Advisory | BUF | 16 hr |
| Dec 16, 3:27 AM EST | Winter Weather Advisory | BGM | 33 hr |
| Dec 16, 4:27 AM EST | Winter Weather Advisory | BUF | 31 hr |
| Dec 17, 2:38 PM EST | Winter Storm Watch | BUF | 21 hr |
| Dec 17, 3:04 PM EST | Winter Storm Watch | BGM | 25 hr |
| Dec 18, 11:38 AM EST | Winter Storm Warning | BUF | 34 hr |
| Dec 18, 3:35 PM EST | Winter Storm Warning | BGM | 29 hr |
| Dec 19, 7:22 AM EST | Mesoscale Discussion | SPC | 5 hr |
| Dec 20, 4:02 AM EST | Winter Storm Watch | BUF | 13 hr |
| Dec 20, 3:32 PM EST | Winter Weather Advisory | BGM | 22 hr |
| Dec 20, 4:22 PM EST | Lake Effect Snow Warning | BUF | 65 hr |
| Dec 20, 4:22 PM EST | Winter Weather Advisory | BUF | 46 hr |
| Dec 21, 6:35 AM EST | Mesoscale Discussion | SPC | 4 hr |
| Dec 21, 3:56 PM EST | Wind Chill Advisory | BGM | 18 hr |
| Dec 23, 3:31 AM EST | High Wind Watch | BUF | 33 hr |
| Dec 23, 3:49 AM EST | Winter Weather Advisory | BUF | 32 hr |
| Dec 23, 4:44 AM EST | Winter Weather Advisory | BGM | 31 hr |
| Dec 24, 3:47 AM EST | Wind Advisory | BGM | 26 hr |
| Dec 24, 12:03 PM EST | Wind Advisory | BUF | 16 hr |
| Dec 27, 8:48 AM EST | Areal Flood Advisory | BUF | 4 hr |
| Dec 27, 3:25 PM EST | High Wind Warning | BUF | 30 hr |
| Dec 27, 3:25 PM EST | Wind Advisory | BUF | 27 hr |
| Dec 27, 8:22 PM EST | Wind Advisory | BGM | 23 hr |
| Dec 29, 2:56 PM EST | Wind Advisory | BUF | 17 hr |
| Dec 29, 3:00 PM EST | Wind Advisory | BGM | 18 hr |
| Dec 30, 4:07 AM EST | Winter Weather Advisory | BGM | 35 hr |
| Dec 30, 5:04 AM EST | Winter Weather Advisory | BUF | 31 hr |
| Dec 30, 11:42 AM EST | Lake Effect Snow Advisory | BUF | 6 hr |
| Dec 31, 12:52 AM EST | Mesoscale Discussion | SPC | 6 hr |
| Dec 31, 4:16 AM EST | Lake Effect Snow Warning | BUF | 25 hr |
| Dec 31, 6:38 AM EST | Winter Storm Warning | BUF | 5 hr |
| Dec 31, 11:51 AM EST | Lake Effect Snow Advisory | BGM | 19 hr |
By product
Every kind of product issued here, grouped by hazard. Each opens the same place narrowed to that product.
The busiest days
Days with the most alerts issued, by UTC date.
Nearby
Alerts in force nowTornadoes on recordForecastThe radar archive20072009
Sources
National Weather Service watches, warnings, advisories and statements from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's VTEC archive, which reconstructs tornado, severe thunderstorm, flash flood and marine warnings back to 1986 from the NWS text archive. Storm Prediction Center watches and mesoscale discussions from SPC's archive through the Mesonet. County centers from the US Census Bureau. Warning verification from the Mesonet's Cow. Rebuilt daily.