Alert archive / Indiana / Tornado Watches in 2013

Tornado Watch 562

November 17, 20134 states

The Storm Prediction Center issued this tornado watch at Nov 17, 2013, 11:20 AM EST for 4 states. It was in force for 9 hr.

The area

The outline as issued.

The facts

Issued
Nov 17, 2013, 11:20 AM EST (16:20 UTC)
Expired
Nov 17, 2013, 8:00 PM EST
In force
9 hr
Issued by
the Storm Prediction Center
Particularly dangerous situation
Yes
Largest hail expected
1.5 in
Strongest gust expected
70 kt
All 144 counties

Adams County, IN, Allen County, IN, Bartholomew County, IN, Blackford County, IN, Boone County, IN, Brown County, IN, Carroll County, IN, Cass County, IN, Clay County, IN, Clinton County, IN, Daviess County, IN, Dearborn County, IN, Decatur County, IN, DeKalb County, IN, Delaware County, IN, Elkhart County, IN, Fayette County, IN, Fountain County, IN, Franklin County, IN, Fulton County, IN, Grant County, IN, Greene County, IN, Hamilton County, IN, Hancock County, IN, Hendricks County, IN, Henry County, IN, Howard County, IN, Huntington County, IN, Jackson County, IN, Jay County, IN, Jennings County, IN, Johnson County, IN, Knox County, IN, Kosciusko County, IN, LaGrange County, IN, LaPorte County, IN, Lawrence County, IN, Madison County, IN, Marion County, IN, Marshall County, IN, Martin County, IN, Miami County, IN, Monroe County, IN, Montgomery County, IN, Morgan County, IN, Noble County, IN, Ohio County, IN, Owen County, IN, Parke County, IN, Pulaski County, IN, Putnam County, IN, Randolph County, IN, Ripley County, IN, Rush County, IN, Saint Joseph County, IN, Shelby County, IN, Starke County, IN, Steuben County, IN, Sullivan County, IN, Switzerland County, IN, Tippecanoe County, IN, Tipton County, IN, Union County, IN, Vermillion County, IN, Vigo County, IN, Wabash County, IN, Warren County, IN, Wayne County, IN, Wells County, IN, White County, IN, Whitley County, IN, Boone County, KY, Bracken County, KY, Campbell County, KY, Carroll County, KY, Gallatin County, KY, Grant County, KY, Kenton County, KY, Owen County, KY, Pendleton County, KY, Allegan County, MI, Barry County, MI, Bay County, MI, Berrien County, MI, Branch County, MI, Calhoun County, MI, Cass County, MI, Clare County, MI, Clinton County, MI, Eaton County, MI, Genesee County, MI, Gratiot County, MI, Hillsdale County, MI, Huron County, MI, Ingham County, MI, Ionia County, MI, Isabella County, MI, Jackson County, MI, Kalamazoo County, MI, Kent County, MI, Lake County, MI, Lapeer County, MI, Lenawee County, MI, Livingston County, MI, Macomb County, MI, Mason County, MI, Mecosta County, MI, Midland County, MI, Monroe County, MI, Montcalm County, MI, Muskegon County, MI, Newaygo County, MI, Oakland County, MI, Oceana County, MI, Osceola County, MI, Ottawa County, MI, Saginaw County, MI, Saint Clair County, MI, Saint Joseph County, MI, Sanilac County, MI, Shiawassee County, MI, Tuscola County, MI, Van Buren County, MI, Washtenaw County, MI, Wayne County, MI, Allen County, OH, Auglaize County, OH, Butler County, OH, Clermont County, OH, Darke County, OH, Defiance County, OH, Fulton County, OH, Hamilton County, OH, Henry County, OH, Mercer County, OH, Miami County, OH, Montgomery County, OH, Paulding County, OH, Preble County, OH, Putnam County, OH, Shelby County, OH, Van Wert County, OH, Warren County, OH, Williams County, OH

The radar

The Northern Indiana radar (KIWX), 57 km from the middle of the area, began a volume at 16:21 UTC, the scan nearest the moment this went out.

Open the radar archive at this moment

The archived warnings, watches and discussions in force at that minute are drawn over the scan, this one among them.

What SPC expected

The probabilities SPC published with the watch, for the watch area over its life.

Two or more tornadoes
80%
One or more EF2 to EF5 tornadoes
70%
Ten or more severe wind reports
80%
One or more gusts of 65 knots or more
50%
Ten or more severe hail reports
60%
One or more hailstones of 2 inches or more
10%
Six or more combined severe hail and wind reports
95%

Warnings issued inside it

101 tornado, severe thunderstorm and flash flood warnings for its counties while it was in force.

IssuedProductOfficeCountiesLasted
Nov 17, 11:21 AM ESTSevere Thunderstorm WarningINDFountain, Montgomery, Tippecanoe, Vermillion, Warren39 min
Nov 17, 12:36 PM ESTSevere Thunderstorm WarningIWXFulton, Kosciusko, Miami, Wabash39 min
Nov 17, 1:50 PM ESTSevere Thunderstorm WarningGRRLake, Mason, Muskegon, Newaygo, Oceana55 min
Nov 17, 2:10 PM ESTSevere Thunderstorm WarningGRROttawa65 min
Nov 17, 2:11 PM ESTSevere Thunderstorm WarningINDFountain, Montgomery, Parke, Tippecanoe, Vermillion, Warren34 min
Nov 17, 2:15 PM ESTTornado WarningINDFountain, Parke, Vermillion, Warren30 min
Nov 17, 2:24 PM ESTSevere Thunderstorm WarningIWXLaPorte, Saint Joseph, Starke51 min
Nov 17, 2:27 PM ESTTornado WarningINDFountain, Montgomery, Tippecanoe, Warren33 min
Nov 17, 2:28 PM ESTSevere Thunderstorm WarningGRRAllegan, Van Buren62 min
Nov 17, 2:33 PM ESTSevere Thunderstorm WarningIWXCass, Fulton, Miami, Pulaski, White42 min
Nov 17, 2:34 PM ESTTornado WarningINDFountain, Parke, Vermillion26 min
Nov 17, 2:44 PM ESTTornado Warning Tornado observedINDKnox31 min
Nov 17, 2:45 PM ESTSevere Thunderstorm WarningGRRLake, Mecosta, Muskegon, Newaygo, Osceola45 min
Nov 17, 2:46 PM ESTTornado WarningINDClay, Greene, Owen, Sullivan, Vigo29 min
Nov 17, 2:49 PM ESTTornado WarningIWXCass, White26 min
Nov 17, 2:50 PM ESTTornado WarningINDCarroll, Clinton, Tippecanoe25 min
Nov 17, 2:50 PM ESTSevere Thunderstorm WarningGRRKent55 min
Nov 17, 2:51 PM ESTTornado WarningGRRMuskegon, Newaygo24 min
Nov 17, 2:53 PM ESTTornado WarningINDFountain, Montgomery, Parke, Putnam, Vermillion37 min
Nov 17, 3:03 PM ESTSevere Thunderstorm WarningIWXElkhart, Kosciusko, Marshall, Saint Joseph, Starke42 min
Nov 17, 3:04 PM ESTSevere Thunderstorm WarningGRRMontcalm56 min
Nov 17, 3:05 PM ESTTornado WarningIWXPulaski25 min
Nov 17, 3:07 PM ESTTornado WarningIWXCass, Fulton, Miami, White23 min
Nov 17, 3:08 PM ESTTornado WarningINDCarroll, Howard37 min
Nov 17, 3:10 PM ESTTornado WarningINDHendricks, Montgomery, Parke, Putnam35 min
Nov 17, 3:14 PM ESTSevere Thunderstorm WarningIWXCass, Grant, Huntington, Miami, Wabash46 min
Nov 17, 3:15 PM ESTTornado Warning Tornado observedINDDaviess, Knox, Martin30 min
Nov 17, 3:16 PM ESTTornado WarningIWXFulton, Kosciusko, Marshall, Pulaski, Starke44 min
Nov 17, 3:17 PM ESTTornado WarningINDClinton, Howard, Madison, Tipton28 min
Nov 17, 3:19 PM ESTTornado WarningIWXCass, Miami, Wabash26 min
Nov 17, 3:23 PM ESTSevere Thunderstorm WarningIWXCass, Saint Joseph37 min
Nov 17, 3:26 PM ESTTornado WarningINDFountain, Montgomery, Parke, Putnam34 min
Nov 17, 3:26 PM ESTSevere Thunderstorm WarningGRRAllegan, Barry, Kalamazoo, Van Buren64 min
Nov 17, 3:28 PM ESTTornado WarningINDBoone, Clinton, Hendricks, Montgomery32 min
Nov 17, 3:29 PM ESTSevere Thunderstorm WarningGRRClare, Isabella, Mecosta, Osceola61 min
Nov 17, 3:32 PM ESTSevere Thunderstorm WarningGRRIonia58 min
Nov 17, 3:32 PM ESTTornado WarningIWXCass, Saint Joseph28 min
Nov 17, 3:33 PM ESTTornado WarningIWXBlackford, Grant, Huntington, Miami, Wabash, Wells42 min
Nov 17, 3:40 PM ESTTornado Warning Tornado observedINDDaviess, Greene, Lawrence, Martin, Monroe35 min
Nov 17, 3:41 PM ESTTornado WarningIWXHuntington, Miami, Wabash, Whitley34 min
Nov 17, 3:43 PM ESTTornado WarningINDBoone, Clinton, Hamilton, Tipton32 min
Nov 17, 3:45 PM ESTSevere Thunderstorm WarningIWXElkhart, Kosciusko, LaGrange, Noble30 min
Nov 17, 3:51 PM ESTSevere Thunderstorm WarningIWXBranch, Saint Joseph24 min
Nov 17, 3:52 PM ESTSevere Thunderstorm WarningINDHancock, Henry, Johnson, Marion, Morgan, Rush and 1 more38 min
Nov 17, 3:54 PM ESTSevere Thunderstorm WarningGRRGratiot, Montcalm66 min
Nov 17, 3:56 PM ESTSevere Thunderstorm WarningDTXBay, Midland, Saginaw79 min
Nov 17, 3:57 PM ESTSevere Thunderstorm WarningIWXAllen, DeKalb, Noble, Whitley48 min
Nov 17, 3:57 PM ESTSevere Thunderstorm WarningGRRCalhoun, Eaton63 min
Nov 17, 4:02 PM ESTSevere Thunderstorm WarningGRRClinton58 min
Nov 17, 4:05 PM ESTTornado WarningINDHamilton, Howard, Madison, Tipton25 min
Nov 17, 4:07 PM ESTSevere Thunderstorm WarningIWXAdams, Allen, Wells38 min
Nov 17, 4:09 PM ESTSevere Thunderstorm WarningGRRCalhoun, Ingham, Jackson66 min
Nov 17, 4:10 PM ESTSevere Thunderstorm WarningINDBrown, Greene, Hancock, Hendricks, Johnson, Marion and 5 more35 min
Nov 17, 4:10 PM ESTTornado WarningINDBartholomew, Brown, Jackson, Jennings, Lawrence, Monroe35 min
Nov 17, 4:15 PM ESTTornado WarningIWXAllen30 min
Nov 17, 4:16 PM ESTTornado WarningINDDaviess, Knox, Martin29 min
Nov 17, 4:18 PM ESTSevere Thunderstorm WarningILNAuglaize, Darke, Mercer, Shelby57 min
Nov 17, 4:20 PM ESTSevere Thunderstorm WarningINDDaviess, Greene, Knox, Lawrence, Martin, Monroe and 1 more25 min
Nov 17, 4:24 PM ESTSevere Thunderstorm WarningINDDelaware, Hancock, Henry, Madison, Marion, Randolph51 min
Nov 17, 4:25 PM ESTTornado WarningINDDelaware, Madison20 min
Nov 17, 4:27 PM ESTSevere Thunderstorm WarningIWXAdams, Blackford, Grant, Jay48 min
Nov 17, 4:29 PM ESTSevere Thunderstorm WarningINDBoone, Hamilton, Hancock, Hendricks, Madison, Marion and 2 more31 min
Nov 17, 4:36 PM ESTTornado WarningIWXAdams39 min
Nov 17, 4:43 PM ESTSevere Thunderstorm WarningINDBartholomew, Brown, Hancock, Johnson, Marion, Monroe and 2 more47 min
Nov 17, 4:45 PM ESTSevere Thunderstorm WarningINDBartholomew, Brown, Daviess, Greene, Jackson, Lawrence and 2 more45 min
Nov 17, 4:46 PM ESTTornado WarningINDDecatur, Jennings29 min
Nov 17, 4:47 PM ESTSevere Thunderstorm WarningDTXShiawassee43 min
Nov 17, 4:47 PM ESTSevere Thunderstorm WarningIWXDefiance, Fulton, Henry, Williams43 min
Nov 17, 4:51 PM ESTSevere Thunderstorm WarningIWXDefiance, Henry, Paulding, Putnam39 min
Nov 17, 4:54 PM ESTSevere Thunderstorm WarningINDDelaware, Hancock, Henry, Madison, Marion, Randolph and 2 more66 min
Nov 17, 4:56 PM ESTSevere Thunderstorm WarningDTXLivingston49 min
Nov 17, 4:58 PM ESTTornado WarningILNRipley32 min
Nov 17, 5:02 PM ESTSevere Thunderstorm WarningDTXGenesee, Tuscola73 min
Nov 17, 5:07 PM ESTTornado WarningIWXDefiance, Henry, Putnam23 min
Nov 17, 5:08 PM ESTSevere Thunderstorm WarningINDBartholomew, Decatur, Jennings, Rush, Shelby52 min
Nov 17, 5:08 PM ESTSevere Thunderstorm WarningDTXLenawee, Washtenaw67 min
Nov 17, 5:12 PM ESTSevere Thunderstorm WarningILNFayette, Union, Wayne48 min
Nov 17, 5:12 PM ESTSevere Thunderstorm WarningILNAuglaize, Darke, Hardin, Logan, Mercer, Miami and 1 more63 min
Nov 17, 5:12 PM ESTSevere Thunderstorm WarningIWXAllen, Putnam, Van Wert48 min
Nov 17, 5:20 PM ESTSevere Thunderstorm WarningDTXMonroe40 min
Nov 17, 5:21 PM ESTSevere Thunderstorm WarningINDBartholomew, Daviess, Decatur, Jackson, Jennings, Lawrence and 1 more39 min
Nov 17, 5:24 PM ESTTornado WarningILNAuglaize, Darke, Mercer, Shelby21 min
Nov 17, 5:25 PM ESTSevere Thunderstorm WarningILNDearborn, Fayette, Franklin, Ripley, Union35 min
Nov 17, 5:31 PM ESTSevere Thunderstorm WarningDTXWayne59 min
Nov 17, 5:31 PM ESTSevere Thunderstorm WarningDTXLapeer74 min
Nov 17, 5:35 PM ESTSevere Thunderstorm WarningDTXLivingston, Oakland55 min
Nov 17, 5:43 PM ESTTornado WarningILNDearborn, Franklin, Ripley17 min
Nov 17, 5:46 PM ESTSevere Thunderstorm WarningILNDearborn, Ohio, Ripley, Switzerland44 min
Nov 17, 5:49 PM ESTSevere Thunderstorm WarningDTXMacomb, Saint Clair71 min
Nov 17, 5:51 PM ESTSevere Thunderstorm WarningILNAuglaize, Champaign, Darke, Hardin, Logan, Miami and 2 more54 min
Nov 17, 5:54 PM ESTSevere Thunderstorm WarningILNFranklin, Union36 min
Nov 17, 5:58 PM ESTSevere Thunderstorm WarningILNDearborn, Franklin, Ohio, Ripley47 min
Nov 17, 5:58 PM ESTSevere Thunderstorm WarningDTXMonroe32 min
Nov 17, 6:18 PM ESTSevere Thunderstorm WarningILNDearborn, Ohio, Switzerland42 min
Nov 17, 6:21 PM ESTTornado WarningILNButler, Greene, Montgomery, Warren24 min
Nov 17, 6:27 PM ESTSevere Thunderstorm WarningDTXOakland63 min
Nov 17, 6:28 PM ESTSevere Thunderstorm WarningILNChampaign, Clark, Clinton, Fayette, Franklin, Greene and 6 more62 min
Nov 17, 6:30 PM ESTTornado WarningILNCampbell, Kenton30 min
Nov 17, 6:41 PM ESTSevere Thunderstorm WarningILNCampbell, Kenton64 min
Nov 17, 6:53 PM ESTSevere Thunderstorm WarningILNBracken, Campbell, Gallatin, Grant, Kenton, Mason and 3 more52 min
Nov 17, 7:35 PM ESTSevere Thunderstorm WarningILNBracken, Lewis, Mason, Robertson55 min

Discussions around it

SPC mesoscale discussions over the same counties from four hours before the watch to its end.

The nearest sounding before it

Lincoln, IL (KILX), launched 12:00Z, 4.3 hours before the alert went out and 239 km from the middle of its area. This is the routine balloon launch nearest before it, the air the forecaster had in hand, not a measurement taken for the alert.

Skew-T log-pSkew-T log-p diagram, Lincoln, IL at 12:00Z on 2013-11-17Temperature and dew point through the depth of the atmosphere, with the mixed-layer parcel. CAPE 1021 joules per kilogram.LCLLFCEL10008507005003002001001 km2 km3 km6 km9 km12 km15 km-30°-20°-10°0°10°20°30°40°
Temperature in red, dew point in green, the mixed-layer parcel dashed.
HodographHodograph, Lincoln, IL at 12:00Z on 2013-11-17The wind through the lowest 10 kilometers. Zero to 1 km storm-relative helicity 398 square meters per square second.1939587897117Sfc1 km3 km6 km9 kmRMLM
The wind turning with height, colored by layer: ground to 1 km, 1 to 3 km, 3 to 6 km, 6 to 10 km.
Mixed-layer CAPE
1021 J/kg
Mixed-layer CIN
-53 J/kg
Mixed-layer LCL
506 m above ground
0-6 km bulk shear
67 kt
0-1 km storm-relative helicity
398 m²/s²
0-3 km storm-relative helicity
396 m²/s²
Significant tornado parameter
2.7
Supercell composite
11.0

Open this sounding in Storm Lab

The text

As transmitted, in the capitals the NWS used until 2016.

756 
WWUS20 KWNS 171622
SEL2  
SPC WW 171622
INZ000-KYZ000-MIZ000-OHZ000-LHZ000-LMZ000-180100-

URGENT - IMMEDIATE BROADCAST REQUESTED
TORNADO WATCH NUMBER 562
NWS STORM PREDICTION CENTER NORMAN OK
1120 AM EST SUN NOV 17 2013

THE NWS STORM PREDICTION CENTER HAS ISSUED A

* TORNADO WATCH FOR PORTIONS OF 
  INDIANA
  FAR NORTHERN KENTUCKY
  LOWER MICHIGAN
  WESTERN OHIO
  LAKE HURON
  LAKE MICHIGAN

* EFFECTIVE THIS SUNDAY MORNING AND EVENING FROM 1120 AM UNTIL
  800 PM EST.

...THIS IS A PARTICULARLY DANGEROUS SITUATION...

* PRIMARY THREATS INCLUDE...
  SEVERAL INTENSE TORNADOES LIKELY
  NUMEROUS DAMAGING WIND GUSTS LIKELY WITH SEVERAL SIGNIFICANT
    GUSTS TO 80 MPH POSSIBLE
  SEVERAL LARGE HAIL EVENTS TO 1.5 INCHES IN DIAMETER LIKELY

THE TORNADO WATCH AREA IS APPROXIMATELY ALONG AND 90 STATUTE
MILES EAST AND WEST OF A LINE FROM 40 MILES SOUTHEAST OF
BLOOMINGTON INDIANA TO 55 MILES NORTHWEST OF SAGINAW MICHIGAN. 
FOR A COMPLETE DEPICTION OF THE WATCH SEE THE ASSOCIATED WATCH
OUTLINE UPDATE (WOUS64 KWNS WOU2).

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

REMEMBER...A TORNADO WATCH MEANS CONDITIONS ARE FAVORABLE FOR
TORNADOES AND SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS IN AND CLOSE TO THE WATCH
AREA. PERSONS IN THESE AREAS SHOULD BE ON THE LOOKOUT FOR
THREATENING WEATHER CONDITIONS AND LISTEN FOR LATER STATEMENTS
AND POSSIBLE WARNINGS.

&&

OTHER WATCH INFORMATION...CONTINUE...WW 561...

DISCUSSION...THUNDERSTORMS RAPIDLY DEVELOPING OVER IL AND WI ARE
EXPECTED TO SPREAD EAST/NORTHEAST ACROSS THE WATCH AREA TODAY IN
CONJUNCTION WITH AN INTENSE LARGE-SCALE WEATHER SYSTEM.  GIVEN THE
COMBINATION OF MODERATE INSTABILITY AND VERY STRONG VERTICAL
SHEAR...SUPERCELLS AND BOWING STRUCTURES APPEAR LIKELY WITH A RISK
FOR LONG-TRACKED...SIGNIFICANT TORNADOES...CORRIDORS OF WIND DAMAGE
AND LARGE HAIL.

AVIATION...TORNADOES AND A FEW SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS WITH HAIL
SURFACE AND ALOFT TO 1.5 INCHES. EXTREME TURBULENCE AND SURFACE
WIND GUSTS TO 70 KNOTS. A FEW CUMULONIMBI WITH MAXIMUM TOPS TO
500. MEAN STORM MOTION VECTOR 24055.


...MEAD

SPC that day

Everything else SPC issued on the same UTC day.

IssuedProductOfficeCountiesLasted
Nov 17, 3:06 AM ESTMesoscale DiscussionSPCDaviess, Dubois, Gibson, Knox, Pike, Posey and 3 more84 min
Nov 17, 9:40 AM ESTTornado Watch PDSSPCBenton, Jasper, Lake, Newton, Porter7 hr
Nov 17, 11:01 AM ESTMesoscale DiscussionSPCAdams, Allen, Bartholomew, Benton, Blackford, Boone and 56 more119 min
Nov 17, 11:17 AM ESTMesoscale DiscussionSPCGibson, Posey, Spencer, Vanderburgh, Warrick118 min
Nov 17, 11:43 AM ESTTornado WatchSPCGibson, Pike, Posey, Spencer, Vanderburgh, Warrick8 hr
Nov 17, 11:49 AM ESTMesoscale DiscussionSPCLake, Newton86 min
Nov 17, 12:57 PM ESTMesoscale DiscussionSPCBenton, Fountain, Jasper, Lake, Montgomery, Newton and 7 more93 min
Nov 17, 12:57 PM ESTMesoscale DiscussionSPCPosey93 min
Nov 17, 2:13 PM ESTMesoscale DiscussionSPCAllen, Bartholomew, Benton, Blackford, Boone, Brown and 59 more77 min
Nov 17, 2:34 PM ESTMesoscale DiscussionSPCClark, Crawford, Floyd, Harrison, Perry, Washington56 min
Nov 17, 2:58 PM ESTTornado WatchSPCClark, Crawford, Dubois, Floyd, Harrison, Jefferson and 4 more6 hr
Nov 17, 3:43 PM ESTMesoscale DiscussionSPCGibson, Posey, Spencer, Vanderburgh, Warrick62 min
Nov 17, 3:51 PM ESTMesoscale DiscussionSPCAdams, Allen, Bartholomew, Blackford, Brown, Clay and 34 more84 min
Nov 17, 4:46 PM ESTMesoscale DiscussionSPCClark, Crawford, Dubois, Floyd, Harrison, Orange and 7 more89 min
Nov 17, 2:05 PM ESTMesoscale DiscussionSPCBallard, Carlisle55 min
Nov 17, 4:25 PM ESTTornado WatchSPCGreenup, Lewis, Mason, Robertson5 hr
Nov 17, 6:06 PM ESTMesoscale DiscussionSPCBracken, Campbell, Kenton, Mason54 min
Nov 17, 6:16 PM ESTMesoscale DiscussionSPCAdair, Bath, Boyd, Breathitt, Carter, Casey and 40 more59 min
Nov 17, 12:32 PM ESTMesoscale DiscussionSPCAlcona, Alpena, Antrim, Benzie, Cheboygan, Crawford and 13 more118 min
Nov 17, 1:13 PM ESTTornado WatchSPCAlcona, Alpena, Antrim, Arenac, Benzie, Charlevoix and 17 more6 hr
Nov 17, 3:05 PM ESTMesoscale DiscussionSPCAdams, Ashland, Ashtabula, Athens, Carroll, Champaign and 55 more85 min

Nearby

Tornado Watches in Indiana, 2013Tornado Watches in Michigan, 2013Tornado Watches in Ohio, 2013Every tornado watch in 2013

Sources

The product and its follow-ups from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service and Storm Prediction Center text; the sounding from the Mesonet's radiosonde archive; radar from the NEXRAD Level II archive.