Alert archive / Tennessee / Tornado Watches in 2011
Tornado Watch 238
The Storm Prediction Center issued this tornado watch at Apr 27, 2011, 4:36 PM EDT for Cherokee County, Clay County, North Carolina; 72 counties in Tennessee. It was in force for 8 hr.
The area
The outline as issued.
The facts
- Issued
- Apr 27, 2011, 4:36 PM EDT (20:36 UTC)
- Expired
- Apr 28, 2011, 1:00 AM EDT
- In force
- 8 hr
- Issued by
- the Storm Prediction Center
- Particularly dangerous situation
- Yes
- Largest hail expected
- 3 in
- Strongest gust expected
- 70 kt
All 74 counties
Cherokee County, NC, Clay County, NC, Anderson County, TN, Bedford County, TN, Benton County, TN, Bledsoe County, TN, Blount County, TN, Bradley County, TN, Campbell County, TN, Cannon County, TN, Carter County, TN, Cheatham County, TN, Claiborne County, TN, Clay County, TN, Cocke County, TN, Coffee County, TN, Cumberland County, TN, Davidson County, TN, DeKalb County, TN, Dickson County, TN, Fentress County, TN, Giles County, TN, Grainger County, TN, Greene County, TN, Grundy County, TN, Hamblen County, TN, Hamilton County, TN, Hancock County, TN, Hawkins County, TN, Hickman County, TN, Houston County, TN, Humphreys County, TN, Jackson County, TN, Jefferson County, TN, Johnson County, TN, Knox County, TN, Lawrence County, TN, Lewis County, TN, Loudon County, TN, Macon County, TN, Marion County, TN, Marshall County, TN, Maury County, TN, McMinn County, TN, Meigs County, TN, Monroe County, TN, Montgomery County, TN, Morgan County, TN, Overton County, TN, Perry County, TN, Pickett County, TN, Polk County, TN, Putnam County, TN, Rhea County, TN, Roane County, TN, Robertson County, TN, Rutherford County, TN, Scott County, TN, Sequatchie County, TN, Sevier County, TN, Smith County, TN, Stewart County, TN, Sullivan County, TN, Sumner County, TN, Trousdale County, TN, Unicoi County, TN, Union County, TN, Van Buren County, TN, Warren County, TN, Washington County, TN, Wayne County, TN, White County, TN, Williamson County, TN, Wilson County, TN
The radar
The Nashville radar (KOHX), 54 km from the middle of the area, began a volume at 20:36 UTC, the scan nearest the moment this went out.
Open the radar archive at this moment
The archived warnings, watches and discussions in force at that minute are drawn over the scan, this one among them.
What SPC expected
The probabilities SPC published with the watch, for the watch area over its life.
- Two or more tornadoes
- 90%
- One or more EF2 to EF5 tornadoes
- 80%
- Ten or more severe wind reports
- 90%
- One or more gusts of 65 knots or more
- 80%
- Ten or more severe hail reports
- 80%
- One or more hailstones of 2 inches or more
- 70%
- Six or more combined severe hail and wind reports
- 90%
Warnings issued inside it
96 tornado, severe thunderstorm and flash flood warnings for its counties while it was in force.
| Issued | Product | Office | Counties | Lasted |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Apr 27, 4:42 PM EDT | Tornado Warning | OHX | Hickman, Lawrence, Lewis, Perry, Wayne | 33 min |
| Apr 27, 4:47 PM EDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | OHX | Bedford, Cannon, Coffee, Rutherford | 28 min |
| Apr 27, 4:50 PM EDT | Tornado Warning | OHX | Giles, Lawrence | 25 min |
| Apr 27, 4:51 PM EDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | MRX | Cocke, Jefferson, Sevier | 54 min |
| Apr 27, 4:56 PM EDT | Tornado Warning | MRX | Blount, Knox, Loudon, Sevier | 49 min |
| Apr 27, 4:58 PM EDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | OHX | Cumberland, Putnam, Van Buren, Warren, White | 45 min |
| Apr 27, 5:03 PM EDT | Tornado Warning | OHX | Cannon, DeKalb | 27 min |
| Apr 27, 5:14 PM EDT | Tornado Warning | OHX | Cumberland, Van Buren, White | 31 min |
| Apr 27, 5:16 PM EDT | Tornado Warning | MRX | Hamilton, Marion, Sequatchie | 59 min |
| Apr 27, 5:18 PM EDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | MRX | Campbell, Morgan, Scott | 42 min |
| Apr 27, 5:22 PM EDT | Tornado Warning | OHX | Davidson, Williamson | 23 min |
| Apr 27, 5:23 PM EDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | OHX | Bedford, Marshall, Maury, Rutherford, Williamson | 37 min |
| Apr 27, 5:27 PM EDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | OHX | DeKalb, Overton, Putnam, White | 33 min |
| Apr 27, 5:29 PM EDT | Tornado Warning | MRX | Blount, Loudon, Monroe | 16 min |
| Apr 27, 5:30 PM EDT | Tornado Warning | OHX | Bedford, Marshall, Rutherford, Williamson | 30 min |
| Apr 27, 5:38 PM EDT | Tornado Warning | MRX | Campbell, Scott | 37 min |
| Apr 27, 5:45 PM EDT | Tornado Warning | MRX | Anderson, Blount, Knox, Loudon, Sevier | 32 min |
| Apr 27, 5:48 PM EDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | MRX | Cocke, Grainger, Greene, Hamblen, Hancock, Hawkins and 2 more | 57 min |
| Apr 27, 5:52 PM EDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | OHX | Bedford, Cannon, Coffee, Rutherford | 23 min |
| Apr 27, 5:53 PM EDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | OHX | Cumberland | 22 min |
| Apr 27, 5:59 PM EDT | Tornado Warning | MRX | Campbell, Claiborne, Morgan, Scott | 61 min |
| Apr 27, 6:00 PM EDT | Tornado Warning | OHX | Cannon, Coffee, Rutherford, Warren | 30 min |
| Apr 27, 6:01 PM EDT | Tornado Warning | MRX | Bradley, Hamilton | 59 min |
| Apr 27, 6:06 PM EDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | OHX | Cannon, DeKalb, Rutherford, Smith, Wilson | 24 min |
| Apr 27, 6:14 PM EDT | Tornado Warning | MRX | Marion | 61 min |
| Apr 27, 6:24 PM EDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | OHX | DeKalb, Putnam, Warren, White | 22 min |
| Apr 27, 6:25 PM EDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | OHX | Coffee, Grundy, Warren | 35 min |
| Apr 27, 6:35 PM EDT | Flash Flood Warning | OHX | Cumberland, DeKalb, Fentress, Jackson, Overton, Pickett and 2 more | 6 hr |
| Apr 27, 6:38 PM EDT | Tornado Warning | OHX | Grundy | 37 min |
| Apr 27, 6:39 PM EDT | Tornado Warning | MRX | Bradley, McMinn, Monroe, Polk | 66 min |
| Apr 27, 6:40 PM EDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | MRX | Greene, Hawkins, Sullivan, Washington | 50 min |
| Apr 27, 6:41 PM EDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | OHX | Lawrence, Lewis, Wayne | 34 min |
| Apr 27, 6:43 PM EDT | Tornado Warning | MRX | Hamilton, Marion, Sequatchie | 62 min |
| Apr 27, 6:52 PM EDT | Tornado Warning | MRX | Bledsoe, Rhea | 53 min |
| Apr 27, 6:52 PM EDT | Flash Flood Warning | OHX | Bedford, Cannon, Coffee, DeKalb, Giles, Marshall and 4 more | 3 hr |
| Apr 27, 6:57 PM EDT | Flash Flood Warning | MRX | Bradley, Hamilton, McMinn, Monroe | 3 hr |
| Apr 27, 7:01 PM EDT | Tornado Warning | MRX | Campbell, Claiborne, Hancock | 44 min |
| Apr 27, 7:01 PM EDT | Tornado Warning | MRX | Bradley, Hamilton, Meigs | 59 min |
| Apr 27, 7:06 PM EDT | Tornado Warning | MRX | Blount, Knox, Monroe, Polk | 54 min |
| Apr 27, 7:06 PM EDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | OHX | Giles | 9 min |
| Apr 27, 7:11 PM EDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | OHX | Maury | 18 min |
| Apr 27, 7:13 PM EDT | Flash Flood Warning | MRX | Campbell, Morgan, Scott | 3 hr |
| Apr 27, 7:13 PM EDT | Tornado Warning | OHX | Coffee, Grundy, Warren | 32 min |
| Apr 27, 7:17 PM EDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | OHX | Fentress, Pickett | 28 min |
| Apr 27, 7:21 PM EDT | Tornado Warning | MRX | Blount, Bradley, Knox, Loudon, McMinn, Meigs and 3 more | 39 min |
| Apr 27, 7:34 PM EDT | Flash Flood Warning | OHX | Coffee, Grundy, Van Buren, Warren, White | 5 hr |
| Apr 27, 7:39 PM EDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | OHX | Cumberland, Van Buren, White | 66 min |
| Apr 27, 7:41 PM EDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | OHX | Bedford, Coffee, Grundy | 34 min |
| Apr 27, 7:43 PM EDT | Tornado Warning | MRX | Bledsoe, Hamilton, Rhea, Sequatchie | 62 min |
| Apr 27, 7:49 PM EDT | Tornado Warning | MRX | Blount, Cocke, Hamblen, Jefferson, Knox, Sevier | 41 min |
| Apr 27, 7:53 PM EDT | Flash Flood Warning | MRX | Bledsoe, Marion, Sequatchie | 3 hr |
| Apr 27, 7:54 PM EDT | Tornado Warning | MRX | Anderson, Blount, Claiborne, Grainger, Hamblen, Jefferson and 6 more | 51 min |
| Apr 27, 8:04 PM EDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | OHX | Cannon, Coffee, Warren | 47 min |
| Apr 27, 8:07 PM EDT | Tornado Warning | MRX | Anderson, Jefferson, Knox, Loudon, McMinn, Meigs and 3 more | 53 min |
| Apr 27, 8:10 PM EDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | MRX | Campbell, Claiborne, Morgan, Roane, Scott, Union | 65 min |
| Apr 27, 8:10 PM EDT | Tornado Warning | MRX | Bradley, Hamilton | 65 min |
| Apr 27, 8:26 PM EDT | Flash Flood Warning | MRX | Anderson, Knox, Loudon, Meigs, Rhea, Roane | 3 hr |
| Apr 27, 8:26 PM EDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | OHX | Cumberland, DeKalb, Fentress, Overton, Putnam, Van Buren and 2 more | 34 min |
| Apr 27, 8:29 PM EDT | Tornado Warning | MRX | Cocke, Grainger, Greene, Hamblen, Hawkins, Jefferson and 2 more | 61 min |
| Apr 27, 8:29 PM EDT | Tornado Warning | MRX | Marion | 61 min |
| Apr 27, 8:37 PM EDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | OHX | Grundy | 38 min |
| Apr 27, 8:42 PM EDT | Tornado Warning | MRX | McMinn, Polk | 47 min |
| Apr 27, 8:42 PM EDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | OHX | Cumberland, Fentress | 63 min |
| Apr 27, 8:48 PM EDT | Tornado Warning | MRX | Blount, Knox | 27 min |
| Apr 27, 8:53 PM EDT | Tornado Warning | MRX | Bradley, McMinn | 34 min |
| Apr 27, 8:54 PM EDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | MRX | Sullivan, Washington | 66 min |
| Apr 27, 9:00 PM EDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | MRX | Claiborne, Grainger, Hancock, Union | 45 min |
| Apr 27, 9:08 PM EDT | Tornado Warning | MRX | Bledsoe, Hamilton, Rhea, Sequatchie | 52 min |
| Apr 27, 9:15 PM EDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | MRX | Campbell, Morgan, Scott | 45 min |
| Apr 27, 9:17 PM EDT | Tornado Warning | MRX | Blount, Loudon, McMinn, Monroe | 43 min |
| Apr 27, 9:18 PM EDT | Tornado Warning | MRX | Hawkins, Sullivan, Washington | 42 min |
| Apr 27, 9:26 PM EDT | Tornado Warning | MRX | Cocke, Greene, Hamblen, Hawkins, Jefferson, Sevier and 2 more | 64 min |
| Apr 27, 9:37 PM EDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | MRX | Hancock, Hawkins | 53 min |
| Apr 27, 9:40 PM EDT | Tornado Warning | MRX | Meigs, Rhea, Roane | 50 min |
| Apr 27, 9:48 PM EDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | OHX | Cumberland | 12 min |
| Apr 27, 9:50 PM EDT | Tornado Warning | MRX | Johnson, Sullivan | 55 min |
| Apr 27, 9:53 PM EDT | Tornado Warning | MRX | Bradley, Hamilton, McMinn, Rhea | 25 min |
| Apr 27, 9:58 PM EDT | Tornado Warning | MRX | Blount, Cocke, Jefferson, Sevier | 62 min |
| Apr 27, 10:05 PM EDT | Tornado Warning | MRX | Anderson, Campbell, Claiborne, Loudon, Morgan, Scott and 1 more | 40 min |
| Apr 27, 10:14 PM EDT | Tornado Warning | MRX | Blount, Bradley, Loudon, McMinn, Meigs, Monroe and 2 more | 46 min |
| Apr 27, 10:24 PM EDT | Tornado Warning | MRX | Knox | 51 min |
| Apr 27, 10:41 PM EDT | Tornado Warning | MRX | Carter, Johnson, Sullivan | 64 min |
| Apr 27, 10:46 PM EDT | Tornado Warning | MRX | Clay | 29 min |
| Apr 27, 10:46 PM EDT | Tornado Warning | MRX | Claiborne, Grainger, Hamblen, Hancock, Hawkins, Union | 59 min |
| Apr 27, 10:49 PM EDT | Tornado Warning | MRX | Blount, Knox, Loudon, Monroe, Sevier | 26 min |
| Apr 27, 10:50 PM EDT | Tornado Warning | MRX | Greene, Unicoi, Washington | 40 min |
| Apr 27, 10:52 PM EDT | Tornado Warning | MRX | Blount, Loudon, McMinn, Monroe, Polk | 23 min |
| Apr 27, 10:57 PM EDT | Tornado Warning | MRX | Blount, Cocke, Jefferson, Sevier | 63 min |
| Apr 27, 11:10 PM EDT | Tornado Warning | MRX | Carter, Johnson | 65 min |
| Apr 27, 11:13 PM EDT | Tornado Warning | MRX | Blount, Knox, Loudon, Monroe | 47 min |
| Apr 27, 11:21 PM EDT | Tornado Warning | MRX | Blount, Jefferson, Knox, Sevier | 24 min |
| Apr 27, 11:27 PM EDT | Tornado Warning | MRX | Cocke, Greene, Jefferson, Sevier | 63 min |
| Apr 28, 12:19 AM EDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | MRX | Carter, Greene, Johnson, Sullivan, Unicoi, Washington | 56 min |
| Apr 28, 12:26 AM EDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | MRX | Greene | 49 min |
| Apr 28, 12:40 AM EDT | Tornado Warning | MRX | Carter, Greene, Unicoi, Washington | 31 min |
| Apr 28, 12:51 AM EDT | Tornado Warning | MRX | Johnson, Sullivan | 39 min |
Discussions around it
SPC mesoscale discussions over the same counties from four hours before the watch to its end.
The nearest sounding before it
Nashville Metro, TN (KBNA), launched 12:00Z, 8.6 hours before the alert went out and 49 km from the middle of its area. This is the routine balloon launch nearest before it, the air the forecaster had in hand, not a measurement taken for the alert.
- Mixed-layer CAPE
- 0 J/kg
- Mixed-layer CIN
- No buoyant parcel
- Mixed-layer LCL
- 714 m above ground
- 0-6 km bulk shear
- 57 kt
- 0-1 km storm-relative helicity
- -84 m²/s²
- 0-3 km storm-relative helicity
- -38 m²/s²
- Significant tornado parameter
- 0.0
- Supercell composite
- 0.0
The text
As transmitted, in the capitals the NWS used until 2016.
010
WWUS20 KWNS 272037
SEL8
SPC WW 272037
TNZ000-280500-
URGENT - IMMEDIATE BROADCAST REQUESTED
TORNADO WATCH NUMBER 238
NWS STORM PREDICTION CENTER NORMAN OK
335 PM CDT WED APR 27 2011
THE NWS STORM PREDICTION CENTER HAS ISSUED A
TORNADO WATCH FOR PORTIONS OF
MIDDLE AND EASTERN TENNESSEE
EFFECTIVE THIS WEDNESDAY AFTERNOON FROM 335 PM UNTIL MIDNIGHT CDT.
...THIS IS A PARTICULARLY DANGEROUS SITUATION...
DESTRUCTIVE TORNADOES...LARGE HAIL TO 3 INCHES IN DIAMETER...
THUNDERSTORM WIND GUSTS TO 80 MPH...AND DANGEROUS LIGHTNING ARE
POSSIBLE IN THESE AREAS.
THE TORNADO WATCH AREA IS APPROXIMATELY ALONG AND 50 STATUTE
MILES NORTH AND SOUTH OF A LINE FROM 70 MILES WEST SOUTHWEST OF
NASHVILLE TENNESSEE TO 25 MILES EAST OF KNOXVILLE TENNESSEE. FOR
A COMPLETE DEPICTION OF THE WATCH SEE THE ASSOCIATED WATCH
OUTLINE UPDATE (WOUS64 KWNS WOU8).
REMEMBER...A TORNADO WATCH MEANS CONDITIONS ARE FAVORABLE FOR
TORNADOES AND SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS IN AND CLOSE TO THE WATCH
AREA. PERSONS IN THESE AREAS SHOULD BE ON THE LOOKOUT FOR
THREATENING WEATHER CONDITIONS AND LISTEN FOR LATER STATEMENTS
AND POSSIBLE WARNINGS.
OTHER WATCH INFORMATION...CONTINUE...WW 232...WW 233...WW
234...WW 235...WW 236...
DISCUSSION...A VERY UNSTABLE AIRMASS IS EXPECTED TO GRADUALLY
DEVELOP NORTHWARD INTO TN THIS EVENING IN THE WAKE OF A MORNING MCS.
WITHIN AN INCREASINGLY SHEARED ENVIRONMENT...ACCENTUATED BY
LONG/CURVING LOW LEVEL HODOGRAPHS...SUPERCELLS CAPABLE OF TORNADOES
/SOME STRONG/ WILL BE AN INCREASING/MORE WIDESPREAD CONCERN INTO
THIS EVENING.
AVIATION...TORNADOES AND A FEW SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS WITH HAIL
SURFACE AND ALOFT TO 3 INCHES. EXTREME TURBULENCE AND SURFACE
WIND GUSTS TO 70 KNOTS. A FEW CUMULONIMBI WITH MAXIMUM TOPS TO
550. MEAN STORM MOTION VECTOR 24040.
...GUYER/HARTSPC that day
Everything else SPC issued on the same UTC day.
| Issued | Product | Office | Counties | Lasted |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Apr 27, 8:34 AM EDT | Tornado Watch | SPC | Cherokee, Clay | 4 hr |
| Apr 27, 11:27 AM EDT | Tornado Watch | SPC | Cherokee, Clay | 6 hr |
| Apr 27, 12:39 PM EDT | Mesoscale Discussion | SPC | Cherokee | 66 min |
| Apr 27, 12:51 PM EDT | Mesoscale Discussion | SPC | Alamance, Anson, Bertie, Bladen, Cabarrus, Caswell and 47 more | 84 min |
| Apr 27, 1:23 PM EDT | Tornado Watch | SPC | Alamance, Anson, Caswell, Chatham, Cumberland, Davidson and 28 more | 5 hr |
| Apr 27, 2:03 PM EDT | Mesoscale Discussion | SPC | Cherokee, Clay, Graham | 57 min |
| Apr 27, 3:22 PM EDT | Mesoscale Discussion | SPC | Alleghany, Ashe, Avery, Buncombe, Caldwell, Haywood and 6 more | 83 min |
| Apr 27, 6:00 PM EDT | Mesoscale Discussion | SPC | Alamance, Caswell, Durham, Franklin, Granville, Guilford and 5 more | 60 min |
| Apr 27, 6:15 PM EDT | Tornado Watch | SPC | Alamance, Alleghany, Ashe, Caswell, Davidson, Durham and 15 more | 6 hr |
| Apr 27, 6:41 PM EDT | Mesoscale Discussion | SPC | Alexander, Avery, Buncombe, Burke, Caldwell, Catawba and 16 more | 34 min |
| Apr 27, 6:52 PM EDT | Tornado Watch | SPC | Alexander, Avery, Buncombe, Burke, Caldwell, Catawba and 19 more | 9 hr |
| Apr 27, 7:55 PM EDT | Mesoscale Discussion | SPC | Alamance, Caswell, Granville, Orange, Person, Rockingham | 65 min |
| Apr 26, 8:59 PM EDT | Mesoscale Discussion | SPC | Bedford, Cheatham, Davidson, Dickson, Giles, Hardin and 11 more | 2 hr |
| Apr 26, 10:13 PM EDT | Mesoscale Discussion | SPC | Benton, Carroll, Chester, Crockett, Dyer, Fayette and 16 more | 62 min |
| Apr 26, 10:58 PM EDT | Tornado Watch | SPC | Bedford, Benton, Cannon, Carroll, Cheatham, Chester and 40 more | 7 hr |
| Apr 27, 3:26 AM EDT | Tornado Watch | SPC | Franklin, Lincoln, Moore | 6 hr |
| Apr 27, 5:33 AM EDT | Mesoscale Discussion | SPC | Bedford, Cannon, Clay, Coffee, Cumberland, DeKalb and 15 more | 57 min |
| Apr 27, 6:07 AM EDT | Tornado Watch | SPC | Bedford, Bledsoe, Cannon, Clay, Coffee, Cumberland and 27 more | 5 hr |
| Apr 27, 7:25 AM EDT | Mesoscale Discussion | SPC | Fayette, Hardeman, Shelby, Tipton | 65 min |
| Apr 27, 9:08 AM EDT | Tornado Watch | SPC | Franklin, Lincoln, Moore | 6 hr |
| Apr 27, 12:02 PM EDT | Tornado Watch | SPC | Hardin, McNairy | 8 hr |
| Apr 27, 1:08 PM EDT | Mesoscale Discussion | SPC | Benton, Carroll, Cheatham, Chester, Crockett, Decatur and 21 more | 67 min |
| Apr 27, 1:42 PM EDT | Severe Thunderstorm Watch | SPC | Benton, Carroll, Cheatham, Chester, Crockett, Davidson and 27 more | 5 hr |
| Apr 27, 2:05 PM EDT | Mesoscale Discussion | SPC | Franklin, Giles, Lawrence, Lincoln, Marshall, Maury and 1 more | 85 min |
| Apr 27, 2:42 PM EDT | Tornado Watch | SPC | Franklin, Lincoln, Moore | 8 hr |
| Apr 27, 3:56 PM EDT | Mesoscale Discussion | SPC | Franklin, Lincoln, Marion | 2 hr |
| Apr 27, 4:06 PM EDT | Mesoscale Discussion | SPC | Benton, Carroll, Cheatham, Chester, Crockett, Davidson and 22 more | 54 min |
| Apr 27, 4:29 PM EDT | Tornado Watch | SPC | Carroll, Chester, Crockett, Decatur, Dyer, Fayette and 13 more | 5 hr |
| Apr 27, 6:38 PM EDT | Mesoscale Discussion | SPC | Anderson, Bedford, Bledsoe, Blount, Bradley, Cannon and 36 more | 97 min |
Nearby
Tornado Watches in Tennessee, 2011Tornado Watches in North Carolina, 2011Every tornado watch in 2011
Sources
The product and its follow-ups from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service and Storm Prediction Center text; the sounding from the Mesonet's radiosonde archive; radar from the NEXRAD Level II archive.