Alert archive / Virginia / Severe Thunderstorm Warnings in 2011

Severe Thunderstorm Warning 121, NWS Morristown, TN

April 27, 20114 counties in Virginia; Hancock County, Hawkins County, Tennessee

NWS Morristown, TN issued this severe thunderstorm warning at Apr 27, 2011, 9:37 PM EDT for 4 counties in Virginia; Hancock County, Hawkins County, Tennessee. It was in force for 53 min. 1 report came from inside the area while it was in force.

The area

The outline as issued, with what was reported inside it.

The facts

Issued: Apr 27, 2011, 9:37 PM EDT (01:37 UTC)
Expired: Apr 27, 2011, 10:30 PM EDT
In force: 53 min
Issued by: NWS Morristown, TN
Area: Storm-based polygon

Counties Hancock County, TN, Hawkins County, TN, City of Norton, VA, Lee County, VA, Scott County, VA, Wise County, VA

The radar

The Knoxville radar (KMRX), 95 km from the middle of the area, began a volume at 01:38 UTC, the scan nearest the moment this went out.

Open the radar archive at this moment

The archived warnings, watches and discussions in force at that minute are drawn over the scan, this one among them.

What was reported inside it

Time	Report	Where	Remark
Apr 27, 10:00 PM EDT	TSTM WND DMG	Wise, VA	TREES DOWN.

Local storm reports filed while the alert was in force, from inside its polygon or its counties.

Did it verify

Verified. The Iowa Environmental Mesonet's Cow matched one storm report to this severe thunderstorm warning; the first came 23 minutes after it went out.

Cow counts a report within 15 km of the polygon while the warning was in force: a tornado for a tornado warning; hail of 1 inch or more, a gust of 58 mph or more or wind damage for a severe thunderstorm warning; a flash flood report for a flash flood warning.

The watch it was issued in

The SPC watch in force over the same counties when this warning went out.

Issued	Product	Office	Lasted
Apr 27, 5:44 PM EDT	Tornado Watch	SPC	7 hr
Apr 27, 4:36 PM EDT	Tornado Watch PDS	SPC	8 hr

The nearest sounding before it

Greensboro/Hi Pt, NC (KGSO), launched 00:00Z, 1.6 hours before the alert went out and 252 km from the middle of its area. This is the routine balloon launch nearest before it, the air the forecaster had in hand, not a measurement taken for the alert.

Skew-T log-p

Temperature in red, dew point in green, the mixed-layer parcel dashed.

Hodograph

The wind turning with height, colored by layer: ground to 1 km, 1 to 3 km, 3 to 6 km, 6 to 10 km.

Mixed-layer CAPE: 2272 J/kg
Mixed-layer CIN: -5 J/kg
Mixed-layer LCL: 766 m above ground
0-6 km bulk shear: 51 kt
0-1 km storm-relative helicity: 233 m²/s²
0-3 km storm-relative helicity: 271 m²/s²
Significant tornado parameter: 3.5
Supercell composite: 14.4

Open this sounding in Storm Lab

The text

As transmitted, in the capitals the NWS used until 2016.

492 
WUUS54 KMRX 280137
SVRMRX
TNC067-073-VAC105-169-195-720-280230-
/O.NEW.KMRX.SV.W.0121.110428T0137Z-110428T0230Z/

BULLETIN - IMMEDIATE BROADCAST REQUESTED
SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WARNING
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE MORRISTOWN TN
937 PM EDT WED APR 27 2011

THE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE IN MORRISTOWN HAS ISSUED A

* SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WARNING FOR...
  HANCOCK COUNTY IN EAST TENNESSEE...
  HAWKINS COUNTY IN EAST TENNESSEE...
  LEE COUNTY IN SOUTHWEST VIRGINIA...
  SCOTT COUNTY IN SOUTHWEST VIRGINIA...
  WISE COUNTY IN SOUTHWEST VIRGINIA...
  CITY OF NORTON IN SOUTHWEST VIRGINIA...

* UNTIL 1030 PM EDT

* AT 934 PM EDT...NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE DOPPLER RADAR INDICATED A
  SEVERE THUNDERSTORM CAPABLE OF PRODUCING QUARTER SIZE HAIL...AND
  DAMAGING WINDS IN EXCESS OF 60 MPH.  THIS STORM WAS LOCATED NEAR
  ROGERSVILLE...AND MOVING NORTHEAST AT 60 MPH.

* LOCATIONS IN THE WARNING INCLUDE...
  GATE CITY...NORTON...WISE...SURGOINSVILLE...BIG STONE GAP...WEBER
  CITY...PATTONSVILLE...DRYDEN...OKOLONA...CHURCH HILL...DUFFIELD...
  JASPER...CLINCHPORT...MOUNT CARMEL...APPALACHIA...FORT BLACKMORE...
  HILTONS...NICKELSVILLE...DUNGANNON AND COEBURN.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

IN ADDITION TO LARGE HAIL AND DAMAGING WINDS...CONTINUOUS CLOUD TO
GROUND LIGHTNING IS OCCURRING WITH THIS STORM. MOVE INDOORS
IMMEDIATELY! LIGHTNING IS ONE OF NATURES NUMBER ONE KILLERS.
REMEMBER...IF YOU CAN HEAR THUNDER...YOU ARE CLOSE ENOUGH TO BE
STRUCK BY LIGHTNING.

A TORNADO WATCH REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 100 AM EDT THURSDAY MORNING
FOR SOUTHWEST NORTH CAROLINA AND EAST TENNESSEE. A TORNADO WATCH
ALSO REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 100 AM EDT THURSDAY MORNING FOR
SOUTHWEST VIRGINIA.

&&

LAT...LON 3709 8256 3689 8237 3688 8241 3677 8235
      3666 8232 3659 8248 3660 8261 3653 8261
      3632 8312 3657 8321
TIME...MOT...LOC 0137Z 240DEG 50KT 3648 8299

$$

DH

1 follow-up statement

721 
WWUS54 KMRX 280208
SVSMRX

SEVERE WEATHER STATEMENT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE MORRISTOWN TN
1008 PM EDT WED APR 27 2011

VAC720-280217-
/O.CAN.KMRX.SV.W.0121.000000T0000Z-110428T0230Z/
CITY OF NORTON VA-
1008 PM EDT WED APR 27 2011

...THE SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WARNING FOR CITY OF NORTON COUNTY IS
CANCELLED...

A TORNADO WATCH REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 100 AM EDT THURSDAY MORNING
FOR SOUTHWEST NORTH CAROLINA AND EASTERN TENNESSEE. A TORNADO WATCH
ALSO REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 100 AM EDT THURSDAY MORNING FOR
SOUTHWEST VIRGINIA.

LAT...LON 3699 8246 3689 8237 3688 8241 3677 8235
      3667 8232 3659 8248 3660 8261 3653 8261
      3632 8312 3657 8321
TIME...MOT...LOC 0207Z 240DEG 50KT 3669 8254

$$

TNC067-073-VAC105-169-195-280230-
/O.CON.KMRX.SV.W.0121.000000T0000Z-110428T0230Z/
HANCOCK TN-HAWKINS TN-SCOTT VA-WISE VA-LEE VA-
1008 PM EDT WED APR 27 2011

...A SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WARNING REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 1030 PM EDT
FOR LEE...WISE...SCOTT...HAWKINS AND HANCOCK COUNTIES...

AT 1006 PM EDT...NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE DOPPLER RADAR CONTINUED TO
INDICATE A SEVERE THUNDERSTORM CAPABLE OF PRODUCING QUARTER SIZE
HAIL...AND DAMAGING WINDS IN EXCESS OF 60 MPH.  THIS STORM WAS
LOCATED NEAR GATE CITY...MOVING NORTHEAST AT 55 MPH.

* THE SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WILL AFFECT MAINLY RURAL AREAS OF
  HANCOCK...HAWKINS...LEE...SCOTT AND WISE COUNTIES...INCLUDING THE
  FOLLOWING LOCATIONS... NICKELSVILLE.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

A TORNADO WATCH REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 100 AM EDT THURSDAY MORNING 
FOR SOUTHWEST NORTH CAROLINA AND EASTERN TENNESSEE. A TORNADO WATCH 
ALSO REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 100 AM EDT THURSDAY MORNING FOR 
SOUTHWEST VIRGINIA.

&&

LAT...LON 3699 8246 3689 8237 3688 8241 3677 8235
      3667 8232 3659 8248 3660 8261 3653 8261
      3632 8312 3657 8321
TIME...MOT...LOC 0207Z 240DEG 50KT 3669 8254

$$

TD

What forecasters said that day

The local office's own words before this severe thunderstorm warning went out, as it sent them, from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service text.

NWS Morristown, TN wrote its last area forecast discussion before this severe thunderstorm warning went out at Apr 27, 7:28 PM EDT, 2 hours 9 minutes earlier.

Area forecast discussion, Apr 27, 7:28 PM EDT, 2 hours 9 minutes before

AREA FORECAST DISCUSSION
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE MORRISTOWN TN
728 PM EDT WED APR 27 2011

.AVIATION...POWERFUL DAMAGING THUNDERSTORMS WILL CONTINUE TO AFFECT
TAF SITES EARLY IN THE PERIOD. SOME TORNADOES AND WINDS IN EXCESS
OF 60 MPH HAVE BEEN REPORTED WITH RECENT STORMS. A COLD FRONT WILL
MOVE EAST THROUGH THE TAF SITES AROUND 28/06Z. THE BULK OF THE DEEP
CONVECTION WILL HAVE MOVED NORTH AND EAST OF THE AREA. WINDS WILL
SHIFT TO THE SW - W AND REMAIN BREEZY THROUGH THE PERIOD. CIGS AND
VSBY WILL BE PREDOMINATELY VFR OUTSIDE OF STORMS.

&&

.MRX WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES...
NC...WIND ADVISORY UNTIL 2 AM EDT THURSDAY FOR THE FOLLOWING ZONES:
     CHEROKEE...CLAY.

TN...HIGH WIND WARNING UNTIL 2 AM EDT THURSDAY FOR THE FOLLOWING
     ZONES: BLOUNT SMOKY MOUNTAINS...COCKE SMOKY MOUNTAINS...
     JOHNSON...SEVIER SMOKY MOUNTAINS...SOUTHEAST CARTER...
     SOUTHEAST GREENE...SOUTHEAST MONROE...UNICOI.

     WIND ADVISORY UNTIL 2 AM EDT /1 AM CDT/ THURSDAY FOR THE
     FOLLOWING ZONES: ANDERSON...BLEDSOE...BRADLEY...CAMPBELL...
     CLAIBORNE...EAST POLK...GRAINGER...HAMBLEN...HAMILTON...
     HANCOCK...HAWKINS...JEFFERSON...KNOX...LOUDON...MARION...
     MCMINN...MEIGS...MORGAN...NW BLOUNT...NORTH SEVIER...
     NORTHWEST CARTER...NORTHWEST COCKE...NORTHWEST GREENE...
     NORTHWEST MONROE...RHEA...ROANE...SCOTT TN...SEQUATCHIE...
     SULLIVAN...UNION...WASHINGTON TN...WEST POLK.

VA...WIND ADVISORY UNTIL 2 AM EDT THURSDAY FOR THE FOLLOWING ZONES:
     LEE...RUSSELL...SCOTT...WASHINGTON...WISE.

&&

SON

Hazardous weather outlook, Apr 27, 4:55 AM EDT, 16 hours 42 minutes before

HAZARDOUS WEATHER OUTLOOK
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE MORRISTOWN TN
455 AM EDT WED APR 27 2011

NCZ060-061-TNZ012>018-035>047-067>074-081>087-098>102-VAZ001-002-
005-006-008-280900-
CHEROKEE-CLAY-SCOTT TN-CAMPBELL-CLAIBORNE-HANCOCK-HAWKINS-
SULLIVAN-JOHNSON-MORGAN-ANDERSON-UNION-GRAINGER-HAMBLEN-
NORTHWEST COCKE-COCKE SMOKY MOUNTAINS-NORTHWEST GREENE-
SOUTHEAST GREENE-WASHINGTON TN-UNICOI-NORTHWEST CARTER-
SOUTHEAST CARTER-ROANE-LOUDON-KNOX-JEFFERSON-NW BLOUNT-
BLOUNT SMOKY MOUNTAINS-NORTH SEVIER-SEVIER SMOKY MOUNTAINS-
SEQUATCHIE-BLEDSOE-RHEA-MEIGS-MCMINN-NORTHWEST MONROE-
SOUTHEAST MONROE-MARION-HAMILTON-BRADLEY-WEST POLK-EAST POLK-LEE-
WISE-SCOTT-RUSSELL-WASHINGTON-
455 AM EDT WED APR 27 2011 /355 AM CDT WED APR 27 2011/

THIS HAZARDOUS WEATHER OUTLOOK IS FOR PORTIONS OF SOUTHWEST NORTH
CAROLINA...EAST TENNESSEE AND SOUTHWEST VIRGINIA.

.DAY ONE...TODAY AND TONIGHT

A STRONG COLD FRONT WITH A STRONG WIND FIELD WILL MOVE ACROSS THE
TENNESSEE RIVER VALLEY TODAY...BRINGING THE POTENTIAL FOR A
SIGNIFICANT OUTBREAK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS BY THIS AFTERNOON AND
EVENING. THERE WILL BE THE POTENTIAL FOR WIDESPREAD DAMAGING
WINDS...VERY LARGE HAIL...HEAVY RAINFALL...AND TORNADOES. IN
ADDITION...THERE WILL BE THE POTENTIAL FOR STRONG AND LONG-TRACK
TORNADOES.

.DAYS TWO THROUGH SEVEN...THURSDAY THROUGH TUESDAY

HAZARDOUS WEATHER IS NOT EXPECTED AT THIS TIME.

.SPOTTER INFORMATION STATEMENT...

SPOTTER ACTIVATION MAY BE NEEDED THIS AFTERNOON AND EVENING.

GH

In the hours before

Local storm report, Apr 27, 9:14 PM EDT, 23 minutes before

PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE MORRISTOWN TN
914 PM EDT WED APR 27 2011

..TIME...   ...EVENT...      ...CITY LOCATION...     ...LAT.LON...
..DATE...   ....MAG....      ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

0845 PM     TSTM WND DMG     MOHAWK                  36.20N 83.06W
04/27/2011                   GREENE             TN   LAW ENFORCEMENT

            NUMEROUS TREES DOWN.

&&

Local storm report, Apr 27, 9:21 PM EDT, 16 minutes before

PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE MORRISTOWN TN
921 PM EDT WED APR 27 2011

..TIME...   ...EVENT...      ...CITY LOCATION...     ...LAT.LON...
..DATE...   ....MAG....      ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

0915 PM     TSTM WND DMG     DUNLAP                  35.37N 85.39W
04/27/2011                   SEQUATCHIE         TN   LAW ENFORCEMENT

            ROOF BLOWN OFF BUILDING.

0915 PM     FLOOD            DUNLAP                  35.37N 85.39W
04/27/2011                   SEQUATCHIE         TN   LAW ENFORCEMENT

            FLOODING ON HWY 127.

&&

Local storm report, Apr 27, 9:22 PM EDT, 15 minutes before

PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE MORRISTOWN TN
922 PM EDT WED APR 27 2011

..TIME...   ...EVENT...      ...CITY LOCATION...     ...LAT.LON...
..DATE...   ....MAG....      ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

0912 PM     TORNADO          7 SSW ATHENS            35.36N 84.65W
04/27/2011                   MCMINN             TN   TRAINED SPOTTER

            POSSIBLE TORNADO

&&

Local storm report, Apr 27, 9:29 PM EDT, 8 minutes before

PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE MORRISTOWN TN
929 PM EDT WED APR 27 2011

..TIME...   ...EVENT...      ...CITY LOCATION...     ...LAT.LON...
..DATE...   ....MAG....      ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

0800 PM     TSTM WND DMG     7 SSW MARYVILLE         35.65N 84.02W
04/27/2011                   BLOUNT             TN   AMATEUR RADIO

            CARPENTERS GRADE ROAD AND BERT GARNER LN

&&

Local storm report, Apr 27, 9:30 PM EDT, 7 minutes before

PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE MORRISTOWN TN
930 PM EDT WED APR 27 2011

..TIME...   ...EVENT...      ...CITY LOCATION...     ...LAT.LON...
..DATE...   ....MAG....      ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

0915 PM     HAIL             ATHENS                  35.45N 84.60W
04/27/2011  E1.00 INCH       MCMINN             TN   TRAINED SPOTTER

            OCCURRING ON SOUTH JACKSON STREET.

&&

Local storm report, Apr 27, 9:35 PM EDT, 2 minutes before

PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE MORRISTOWN TN
935 PM EDT WED APR 27 2011

..TIME...   ...EVENT...      ...CITY LOCATION...     ...LAT.LON...
..DATE...   ....MAG....      ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

0927 PM     TORNADO          8 NNE ETOWAH            35.44N 84.47W
04/27/2011                   MCMINN             TN   TRAINED SPOTTER

            POSSIBLE TORNADO REPORTED

&&

The office that day

Everything else NWS Morristown, TN issued on the same UTC day.

Issued	Product	Office	Counties	Lasted
Apr 27, 8:16 PM EDT	Tornado Warning	MRX	Lee, Wise, City of Norton	29 min
Apr 27, 8:54 PM EDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	MRX	Russell, Scott, Washington, City of Bristol	66 min
Apr 27, 9:00 PM EDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	MRX	Lee, Scott	45 min
Apr 27, 9:18 PM EDT	Tornado Warning	MRX	Russell, Scott, Washington, City of Bristol	42 min
Apr 27, 9:50 PM EDT	Tornado Warning	MRX	Russell, Scott, Washington, City of Bristol	55 min
Apr 27, 10:11 PM EDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	MRX	Russell	34 min
Apr 27, 10:41 PM EDT	Tornado Warning	MRX	Washington, City of Bristol	64 min
Apr 27, 11:57 PM EDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	MRX	Washington	16 min
Apr 28, 12:19 AM EDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	MRX	Russell, Scott, Washington, City of Bristol	56 min
Apr 28, 12:51 AM EDT	Tornado Warning	MRX	Washington, City of Bristol	39 min
Apr 28, 1:29 AM EDT	Areal Flood Advisory	MRX	Lee, Russell, Scott, Washington, Wise, City of Bristol and 1 more	3 hr
Apr 27, 8:07 PM EDT	Tornado Warning	MRX	Anderson, Jefferson, Knox, Loudon, McMinn, Meigs and 3 more	53 min
Apr 27, 8:10 PM EDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	MRX	Campbell, Claiborne, Morgan, Roane, Scott, Union	65 min
Apr 27, 8:10 PM EDT	Tornado Warning	MRX	Bradley, Hamilton	65 min
Apr 27, 8:26 PM EDT	Flash Flood Warning	MRX	Anderson, Knox, Loudon, Meigs, Rhea, Roane	3 hr
Apr 27, 8:29 PM EDT	Tornado Warning	MRX	Cocke, Grainger, Greene, Hamblen, Hawkins, Jefferson and 2 more	61 min
Apr 27, 8:29 PM EDT	Tornado Warning	MRX	Marion	61 min
Apr 27, 8:42 PM EDT	Tornado Warning	MRX	McMinn, Polk	47 min
Apr 27, 8:48 PM EDT	Tornado Warning	MRX	Blount, Knox	27 min
Apr 27, 8:53 PM EDT	Tornado Warning	MRX	Bradley, McMinn	34 min
Apr 27, 9:08 PM EDT	Tornado Warning	MRX	Bledsoe, Hamilton, Rhea, Sequatchie	52 min
Apr 27, 9:15 PM EDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	MRX	Campbell, Morgan, Scott	45 min
Apr 27, 9:17 PM EDT	Tornado Warning	MRX	Blount, Loudon, McMinn, Monroe	43 min
Apr 27, 9:26 PM EDT	Tornado Warning	MRX	Cocke, Greene, Hamblen, Hawkins, Jefferson, Sevier and 2 more	64 min
Apr 27, 9:40 PM EDT	Tornado Warning	MRX	Meigs, Rhea, Roane	50 min
Apr 27, 9:53 PM EDT	Tornado Warning	MRX	Bradley, Hamilton, McMinn, Rhea	25 min
Apr 27, 9:58 PM EDT	Tornado Warning	MRX	Blount, Cocke, Jefferson, Sevier	62 min
Apr 27, 10:03 PM EDT	Areal Flood Warning	MRX	Anderson, Bledsoe, Blount, Bradley, Campbell, Hamilton and 14 more	8 hr
Apr 27, 10:05 PM EDT	Tornado Warning	MRX	Anderson, Campbell, Claiborne, Loudon, Morgan, Scott and 1 more	40 min
Apr 27, 10:14 PM EDT	Tornado Warning	MRX	Blount, Bradley, Loudon, McMinn, Meigs, Monroe and 2 more	46 min
Apr 27, 10:24 PM EDT	Tornado Warning	MRX	Knox	51 min
Apr 27, 10:46 PM EDT	Tornado Warning	MRX	Claiborne, Grainger, Hamblen, Hancock, Hawkins, Union	59 min
Apr 27, 10:49 PM EDT	Tornado Warning	MRX	Blount, Knox, Loudon, Monroe, Sevier	26 min
Apr 27, 10:50 PM EDT	Tornado Warning	MRX	Greene, Unicoi, Washington	40 min
Apr 27, 10:52 PM EDT	Tornado Warning	MRX	Blount, Loudon, McMinn, Monroe, Polk	23 min
Apr 27, 10:57 PM EDT	Tornado Warning	MRX	Blount, Cocke, Jefferson, Sevier	63 min
Apr 27, 11:10 PM EDT	Tornado Warning	MRX	Carter, Johnson	65 min
Apr 27, 11:13 PM EDT	Tornado Warning	MRX	Blount, Knox, Loudon, Monroe	47 min
Apr 27, 11:21 PM EDT	Tornado Warning	MRX	Blount, Jefferson, Knox, Sevier	24 min
Apr 27, 11:27 PM EDT	Tornado Warning	MRX	Cocke, Greene, Jefferson, Sevier	63 min
Apr 28, 12:26 AM EDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	MRX	Greene	49 min
Apr 28, 12:40 AM EDT	Tornado Warning	MRX	Carter, Greene, Unicoi, Washington	31 min
Apr 28, 12:59 AM EDT	River Flood Warning	MRX	Bledsoe, Marion, Sequatchie	51 hr

Nearby

Severe Thunderstorm Warnings in Virginia, 2011 Severe Thunderstorm Warnings in Tennessee, 2011 Every severe thunderstorm warning in 2011

Sources

The product and its follow-ups from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service and Storm Prediction Center text; local storm reports from the same archive; the sounding from the Mesonet's radiosonde archive; radar from the NEXRAD Level II archive.