EF2 tornado, Cooper to Hope, Iowa, December 15, 2021

1. EF065 to 85 mph

   Light damage. Surface peeled off some roofs, gutters and siding damaged, branches broken, shallow-rooted trees pushed over.

2. EF186 to 110 mph

   Moderate damage. Roofs badly stripped, mobile homes overturned or badly damaged, exterior doors lost, windows broken.

3. EF2111 to 135 mphthis tornado

   Considerable damage. Roofs torn off well-built houses, frame homes shifted on their foundations, mobile homes destroyed, large trees snapped or uprooted, cars lifted off the ground.

4. EF3136 to 165 mph

   Severe damage. Whole stories of well-built houses destroyed, large buildings badly damaged, trains overturned, trees debarked, heavy cars lifted and thrown.

5. EF4166 to 200 mph

   Devastating damage. Well-built houses leveled, structures with weak foundations moved some distance, cars thrown and large missiles generated.

6. EF5over 200 mph

   Incredible damage. Strong frame houses swept off their foundations, car-sized missiles thrown more than 100 meters, steel-reinforced concrete badly damaged, high-rise buildings deformed.

7. Unrated

   The survey recorded a tornado but could not put a number on it, most often because it crossed open country and damaged nothing a rating can be read from.

Rating

EF2

Date

December 15, 2021

Touchdown

5:29 PM CST (23:29 UTC)

Lifted

5:33 PM CST (23:33 UTC)

On the ground

4 minutes

Path length

5.5 miles (8.8 km)

Path width

100 yards (91 m)

Deaths

0

Injuries

0

Property damage

$1.2 million

County

Greene County

Touchdown point

41.943, -94.506

Lift-off point

42.002, -94.434

Record number

2112151729-01

December 15, 2021 was an unprecedented and historic event for the state of Iowa and the central US. It featured the first-ever December derecho observed anywhere in the United States and the first Moderate Risk of severe thunderstorms issued by the NWS Storm Prediction Center in December for Iowa. Unofficially, it set the new single-day Iowa records for the most tornadoes and the most EF-2/F-2 or stronger tornadoes since 1950. Finally, it will break the all-time December record high temperature for Iowa. ||Tornadoes: There were 63 confirmed tornadoes that occurred in Iowa, 21 of which were rated EF-2. Sixty three is unofficially the most tornadoes in Iowa in a single day with the previous being 35 tornadoes on August 31, 2014. Further, 21 EF-2 tornadoes is unofficially the most EF-2/F-2 or stronger tornadoes in a single day with the previous being 16 tornadoes on June 7, 1984. Prior to this event, a total of 5 tornadoes had occurred in Iowa in December since 1950 with all of them in southeastern Iowa. | |Thunderstorm Wind: Numerous straight line wind gusts were also associated with these thunderstorms, some in excess of 80 mph. During the event, nearly the entire state of Iowa was under a Severe Thunderstorm Warning at some point. Audubon reported the highest gust in Iowa at 88 mph. This storm also met the criteria for a ���derecho'', which makes it the first derecho on record in the month of December anywhere in the United States. Finally, we had an unofficial gust of 108 mph recorded by a mesonet station near Sheffield, Iowa associated with one of the tornadic circulations. ||Environmental Wind: After the line of storms had passed, numerous strong, non-thunderstorm wind gusts over 70 mph occurred overnight. The top three non-thunderstorm wind gusts were 83 mph in Decatur City, 81 mph in Marshalltown, and 80 mph in Johnston. The Des Moines International Airport recorded a 74 mph non-thunderstorm wind gust, which is the highest non-thunderstorm wind gust at this location since 1970.| |Temperatures: In addition to the severe weather and strong non-thunderstorm winds, the temperatures were remarkable and record setting. Numerous record daily highs were broken by many degrees. In addition and preliminarily, the all-time December record high temperature for Iowa of 74 degrees that was set in Thurman, IA on December 6, 1939 was broken with four sites reaching 75 degrees (Oskaloosa, Muscatine, Iowa City, and Ottumwa).||For detailed environmental analysis, including soundings, please view the various local NWS office event review pages: NWS Des Moines, NWS Sioux Falls, NWS Omaha, NWS Wichita, NWS Pueblo, NWS Twin Cities, NWS Quad Cities, NWS Hastings, NWS La Crosse, NWS Green Bay, or NWS Milwaukee.

This tornado moved from Guthrie into Greene County. The tornado destroyed several grain bins shortly after entering the county and then snapped several large power poles along 330th Street between F and G Avenues. The tornado continued northeast producing sporadic damage in rural southern Greene County before dissipating north of 300th Street between H and I Avenues.

Tornado continued into Greene County from Guthrie County. The path through Greene County was long but remained in rural portions of the county. Damage to rural outbuildings occurred in southern Greene county with more intense damage south of Jefferson. Utility poles were snapped along 280th Street near where N Avenue intersects the road. The tornado then impacted a farmstead on the west side of Highway 4 destroying several outbuildings and producing minor damage to the home. The tornado proceeded northeast crossing US Highway 30 east of Jefferson and then continued in rural areas before lifting north of Dana.

Tornado moved into Greene County from Guthrie County. This tornado produced damage through rural south and east portions of the county. The tornado passed just southeast of the hamlet of Cooper and through Grand Junction. Most of the damage was EF0 to EF1 with tree and minor house damage. However, the tornado strengthened north of Grand Junction with power pole damage and then toppling an industrial wind mill along W Avenue with an EF2 rating at that location. The circulation then destroyed a confinement building before dissipating several miles northeast of Dana.

This tornado occurred southwest of Jefferson and remained in rural Greene County during its entire path. The tornado damaged a confinement building and farther northeast destroyed an outbuilding. However, the most intense damage was a series of high voltage utility dual pole towers which were snapped by the tornado. At least 8 towers were snapped over J Avenue between 250th and 260th Streets. Additional utility poles were snapped along 250th Street as well. The tornado lifted in the vicinity of an apple orchard located southwest of Jefferson.

Another QLCS tornado which began west southwest of Jefferson and ended to the northwest of town. This tornado began in rural areas but toppled several large single pole utility poles along I Avenue south of 250th Street and moved northeast with tree and minor house damage on 240th Street near the intersection with K Avenue. The tornado ended up crossing US Highway 30 about 1.5 miles west of the intersection with State Highway 4 and severely leaned high voltage poles along the highway. The tornado dissipated not long afterwards near M Avenue north of Highway 30.

This was a relatively brief tornado but none the less strong as it snapped power poles along I Avenue south of 180th Street to the northwest of Farlin. Otherwise, the tornado remained in rural areas of Greene County with no other reports of damage.

This tornado traveled through three counties and initially touched down in Greene county to the east northeast of Grand Junction. This tornado remained in rural areas of Greene county with no damage reports received. The tornado path was observed using high resolution satellite imagery as well. The tornado moved into Boone County between 190th and 180th Streets.

This tornado moved through both Greene and Webster Counties. The tornado developed southwest of Paton in Greene County and blew apart an old shed. It continued to strengthen and snapped several large utility poles along 110th Street west of U Avenue. The tornado then exited the county into Webster County north of Paton.

From NOAA NCEI's Storm Events Database, the narrative the local forecast office wrote for Storm Data.

15 minutes of warning. NWS DMX issued a tornado warning for this county at 23:14 UTC, 15 minutes before the tornado touched down, in force until 23:45 UTC.

The county was under a tornado watch, issued at 19:26 UTC and running to 02:00 UTC.

Every warning and watch covering the touchdown point that day, from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service products. Lead time is measured from the issue of the warning in force to the touchdown time in the database, both of which were recorded to the minute by different people.

The Storm Prediction Center had this point in a Moderate Risk, with a 0.10 chance of a tornado within 25 miles, in the hatched area where significant tornadoes were expected. The outlook in force was issued at 19:28 UTC.

SPC's Day 1 convective outlook as it stood when the tornado began, read at the touchdown point. The same archive is on the radar archive.

The radiosonde launches on either side of the tornado, from the nearest station that was launching then, drawn and analyzed the way Storm Lab does: the same diagram, the same parcel and shear definitions SPC's mesoanalysis uses.

The Des Moines radar (KDMX), 67 km away, was scanning. The volume nearest the touchdown began at 23:26 UTC.

Open the radar archive at this moment, over the track

Reflectivity and velocity, decoded from the Level II archive in the browser. Volumes take a few seconds to open the first time.

Local storm reports within 60 km of the path, in the three hours either side.

From the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service local storm reports.

The live radar over the trackEvery 2021 tornado in IowaEvery tornado in Iowa since 1950Warnings in force in Iowa nowThe forecast where you are

124 more were confirmed in the United States that day.

All 125 of them

Ratings are the survey's, read off the damage rather than measured; the rating scale is above. Tornado counts rise through the record as reporting improved, so a year in the 1950s is not comparable with one today except for the strongest tornadoes, which were always noticed.

NOAA Storm Prediction Center tornado database, 1950-2025, the official record kept by NOAA's Storm Prediction Center.