Central Severe Storms

Losses, 2024 dollars

$1.5 billion

Losses at the time

$1.3 billion

Deaths

0

The losses and deaths are NCEI’s, counting everything the disaster did. The episodes below are only what the Weather Service filed in its Storm Events record, which counts damage differently and often not at all, so the two never add up and are shown apart.

• Hail and Damaging Winds in Nebraska, June 22, 2021$11 million · 2 in hail · 13 eventsWhile the majority of South Central Nebraska enjoyed a seasonably-warm and tranquil Tuesday evening, it was a different story within a few far northeastern/east-central counties, where a pair of somewhat high-based supercells advanced south-southeastward, leaving behind swaths…
• Damaging Winds in Idaho, June 22, 202161 kt wind · 8 eventsHot and dry conditions were ideal for thunderstorm microburst outflow propagation across Southeast Oregon and Southwest Idaho. Severe gusts were reported with reports of damage throughout the area.
• Damaging Wind in Montana, June 22, 202152 kt wind · 1 eventDuring the evening hours of June 22, a thunderstorm began to decay near Dillon, MT. This thunderstorm produced an outflow with winds of 60 MPH at the Dillon Airport.
• Hail in Missouri, June 22, 20211 in hail · 2 eventsA few severe thunderstorms developed across eastern Iowa and far northeast Missouri on Tuesday, June 22, leading to several reports of severe hail and some wind damage.
• Hail in Oregon, June 22, 20211 in hail · 1 eventA thunderstorm dropped hail up to 1 inch in diameter across parts of the Rogue Valley in southwest Oregon.
• Damaging Wind in Oregon, June 22, 202154 kt wind · 1 eventHot and dry conditions were ideal for thunderstorm microburst outflow propagation across Southeast Oregon and Southwest Idaho. Severe gusts were reported with reports of damage throughout the area.
• Flash Flooding in Louisiana, June 23, 20213 eventsA sea breeze boundary became the focus for afternoon thunderstorms. As storms began to develop, weak steering winds prevented them from moving very much. This resulted in heavy rain over an extended period which led to flash flooding in the New Orleans area.
• Hail in Idaho, June 23, 20211 in hail · 1 eventOne inch hail reported near Moore.
• Damaging Wind in Wyoming, June 23, 202152 kt wind · 1 eventA dry microburst from a high based thunderstorm downed trees and powerlines in Washakie County at Worland, Wyoming. Winds were estimated at around 60 mph.
• Hail and Damaging Winds in Nebraska, June 23, 2021$10,000 · 2.75 in hail · 14 eventsScattered severe thunderstorms developed along a warm frontal boundary over far north central Nebraska during the early evening hours of June 23rd. As this activity tracked to the east southeast, it produced hail up to the size of baseballs and wind gusts up to 70 MPH.
• Damaging Winds in Kansas, June 23, 202152 kt wind · 3 eventsOn the evening of June 23rd, thunderstorms developed along a dryline that moved eastward into northwestern Kansas from east-central Colorado. These thunderstorms produced wind gusts up to 60 mph in the area.
• Damaging Wind in South Dakota, June 23, 202152 kt wind · 1 eventA thunderstorm became severe over central Tripp County, producing wind gusts of 60 mph in Colome.
• Hail and Damaging Winds in South Dakota, June 23, 2021$3,000 · 1 in hail · 7 eventsAs a strong impulse traversed the periphery of a strong ridge aloft over the central Plains, scattered thunderstorms developed during the early evening into far southern South Dakota.
• Damaging Wind in California, June 23, 202150 kt wind · 1 eventThunderstorms developed across portions of southeast California during the late afternoon and early evening of the 23rd with some storms becoming strong to severe.
• Damaging Wind in New Mexico, June 23, 202154 kt wind · 1 eventAn area of high pressure that had been prominent over New Mexico and Arizona in the days prior shifted eastward into Texas on June 23, 2021.
• Lightning Strike in California, June 23, 2021$10,000 · 1 eventScattered afternoon thunderstorms occurred over the Mojave Desert. One produced damage from a lightning strike.
• Flash Flooding and Damaging Wind in Iowa, June 23 to 25, 202150 kt wind · 41 eventsDeep Gulf moisture fed into the state with the LLJ pushing a warm front north into southern Iowa through the late evening. Storms motion was generally parallel to the boundary, resulting in training of storms across southern Iowa and heavy rain.
• Hail and Damaging Winds in Nebraska, June 23 to 24, 20211 in hail · 43 eventsAn MCS developed over western Nebraska and maintained strength as it moved into eastern Nebraska. It produced widespread wind damage.
• Damaging Winds in Nebraska, June 23 to 24, 2021$51,000 · 62 kt wind · 6 eventsDuring the very early morning of Thursday the 24th, a southeastward-charging mesoscale convective system (MCS) impacted mainly the far northern/northeastern fringes of South Central Nebraska, with the only verified severe wind speed/wind damage reports (mainly to trees)…
• Hail in Minnesota, June 24, 20210.75 in hail · 1 eventStorms developed ahead of a cold front over northeastern Minnesota during the evening hours of the 23rd and pushed eastward over western Lake Superior and northwestern Wisconsin during the early morning hours.
• Hail and Damaging Wind in Wisconsin, June 24, 202150 kt wind · 3 eventsStorms developed ahead of a cold front over northeastern Minnesota during the evening hours of the 23rd and pushed eastward over western Lake Superior and northwestern Wisconsin during the early morning hours.
• Hail in Kansas, June 24, 20211 in hail · 1 eventThere was one report of severe size hail in Jackson County with this complex of storms.
• Hail in Wisconsin, June 24, 20211 in hail · 1 eventA thunderstorm complex developed during the morning hours ahead of a cold front, tracking through the area and producing an isolated report of large hail in central Wisconsin.
• Damaging Winds in Florida, June 24, 2021$2,000 · 50 kt wind · 2 eventsAfternoon thunderstorms produce severe wind gust near Fort Myers and tree damage near Sarasota.
• Tornadoes and Hail in Wisconsin, June 24, 2021$21,000 · EF0 · 6 eventsThunderstorms developed over west-central Wisconsin during the afternoon of Thursday, June 24th. These storms developed in an area of strong instability and ample wind shear to cause rotating storms. A tornado formed near Bruce, Wisconsin and caused damage to XX.
• Damaging Wind in Nevada, June 24, 202156 kt wind · 1 eventIsolated afternoon thunderstorms occurred over the Mojave Desert. One produced a severe wind gust.
• Hail in South Dakota, June 24, 20210.75 in hail · 1 eventA strong thunderstorm developed over the Spearfish area, producing hail around penny size.
• Hail and Damaging Winds in Colorado, June 24, 20214 in hail · 8 eventsAn embedded mid level disturbance helped to develop showers and storms across the region through the early evening on this day, with strong to severe storms occurring across El Paso County through the far southeast plains.
• Hail and Damaging Winds in Nebraska, June 24, 2021$389,000 · 1.75 in hail · 8 eventsFor about three hours on this Thursday afternoon, the southeastern quadrant of South Central Nebraska saw a flare-up of eastward-tracking, strong-to-severe thunderstorms, yielding fairly localized swaths of large hail up to golf ball size and wind gusts estimated up to around 70…
• Damaging Winds in Montana, June 24, 202156 kt wind · 2 eventsA weakly unstable atmosphere with slightly favorable wind shear was able to form some scattered strong thunderstorms, a few a which became severe over isolated portions of northeast Montana.
• Damaging Winds in New Mexico, June 24, 202162 kt wind · 4 eventsWith an area of high pressure over Texas and a low pressure system off the coast of California, southwest flow continued to stream subtropical moisture into New Mexico on June 24, 2021.
• Hail and Damaging Winds in Montana, June 24, 20211.25 in hail · 3 eventsAn upper level disturbance move through the area in the wake of a cold front, which allowed for a few thunderstorms to pop up during the afternoon. Isolated severe wind gusts and hail fell from some of the storms.
• Flash Flooding and Damaging Winds in Nebraska, June 24, 202161 kt wind · 14 eventsTraining storms developed across southeast Nebraska, produced strong winds and caused flash flooding.
• Flash Flood in Colorado, June 24, 2021$650,000 · 1 eventA plume of moisture advected north into the region underneath a ridge of high pressure. Residual moisture from previous days convection helped to prime the atmosphere which led to an uptick in shower and thunderstorm coverage across western Colorado.
• Flash Flooding and Hail in Kansas, June 24 to 25, 20211.5 in hail · 12 eventsFlash flooding occurred in far northeastern Kansas, and damaging wind occurred across the area due to multiple rounds of rain late in the evening on 6/24 through the overnight hours.
• Hail in Kansas, June 24, 20212.5 in hail · 4 eventsA stationary boundary set up across northern counties of the CWA in a capped environment initially preventing storms to develop during the afternoon hours.
• Hail and Damaging Wind in Wisconsin, June 24, 20211.75 in hail · 5 eventsA thunderstorm complex developed across western Wisconsin in the mid afternoon hours and tracked east ahead of a cold front. The strongest storms produced large hail and damaging winds across central Wisconsin during the early evening hours.
• Hail and Damaging Winds in Colorado, June 24, 20211.75 in hail · 5 eventsOn the evening of June 24th, thunderstorms developed in east-central Colorado due to a lee-side trough in the region. These thunderstorms produced hail up to golf ball size and wind gusts up to 80 mph in the area.
• Hail in Alabama, June 24, 20211 in hail · 1 eventStrong thunderstorms developed during peak afternoon heating and produced large hail.
• Lightning Strike in Utah, June 24, 20212 injured · 1 eventScattered showers and thunderstorms generated gusty outflow winds, heavy rain and frequent lightning across eastern Utah on June 24th. Two people were struck by lightning while recreating in Dead Horse State Park.
• Damaging Winds in Iowa, June 24, 202170 kt wind · 2 eventsCopy text from the NE one.
• Tornadoes and Flash Flooding in Missouri, June 24 to 26, 20211 death · 3 injured · $10,000 · EF1 · 40 eventsLate in the afternoon, and through the evening hours on June 24 a cluster of storms over southeast Nebraska congealed into a line of thunderstorms that focused across northern Missouri.
• Damaging Wind in Wyoming, June 24, 202158 kt wind · 1 eventSevere thunderstorm wind gusts measuring 67 mph were measured by a Wyoming Department of Transportation sensor along United States Highway 20 at Van Tassell on the evening of the 24th.
• Damaging Wind in Nevada, June 24, 202163 kt wind · 1 eventA mix of wet and dry thunderstorms produced multiple outflows, that led to one instance of a severe wind gust.
• Tornado and Damaging Wind in Illinois, June 24, 202161 kt wind · 2 eventsA trough moved southeast through the region, generating a complex of showers and storms. Numerous reports of damaging winds, a few tornadoes and flash flooding were reported with this system.
• Damaging Wind in Illinois, June 24, 202152 kt wind · 1 eventAn upper-level disturbance interacting with a slowly approaching warm front triggered clusters of showers and thunderstorms across central Illinois during the evening of June 24th into the early morning hours of June 25th.
• Hail and Damaging Winds in Kansas, June 24, 20211.25 in hail · 12 eventsOn the evening of June 24th, thunderstorms developed in northwestern Kansas due to a lee-side trough in the region. These thunderstorms produced hail up to half-dollar size and damaging wind gusts up to 86 mph in the area.
• Damaging Wind in Texas, June 24, 2021$480,000 · 96 kt wind · 1 eventAn upper level ridge was centered over north central Texas. There was high moisture across West Texas. A surface trough had developed across the Guadalupe Mountains and mountains of West Texas. Fairly hot temperatures were in place across the area.
• Hail and Damaging Winds in Texas, June 24, 2021$40,000 · 1.5 in hail · 4 eventsThunderstorms increased in coverage and intensity during the evening hours as more organized activity moved east out of New Mexico and developed into a broken line from I-40 near Endee, NM northeast to around Texline, OK.
• Flash Flooding and Heavy Rain in Iowa, June 24 to 25, 20217 eventsA line of strong thunderstorms and heavy rain moved through Iowa on the 24th, which led to flash flooding for some areas. The areas seeing the largest impact were in Jefferson and Van Buren Counties in Iowa.
• Damaging Winds in Oklahoma, June 24, 2021$1.8 million · 70 kt wind · 3 eventsThunderstorms increased in coverage and intensity during the evening hours as more organized activity moved east out of New Mexico and developed into a broken line from I-40 near Endee, NM northeast to around Texline, OK.
• Tornadoes and Flash Flooding in Missouri, June 24 to 25, 2021EF0 · 12 eventsA trough moved southeast through the region, generating a complex of showers and storms. Numerous reports of damaging winds, a few tornadoes and flash flooding were reported with this system.
• Flash Flooding and Hail in Kansas, June 24 to 26, 20211 injured · 1 in hail · 30 eventsAn extremely moist airmass was in place as storms erupted along a stationary front during the afternoon hours. Due to the high moisture content of the airmass, the storms were very efficient rainfall producers with some producing 3 to 4 inches of rain per hour.
• Hail and Damaging Wind in Kansas, June 25, 20211 in hail · 3 eventsLate in the afternoon, and through the evening hours on June 24 a cluster of storms over southeast Nebraska congealed into a line of thunderstorms that then pushed southeast into northeast Kansas with isolated severe weather consisting of 1 inch hail and isolated wind damage.
• Flash Flood and Hail in Colorado, June 25, 2021$15,000 · 1 in hail · 3 eventsHeavy rainfall associated with a thunderstorm in the Cameron Peak burn area, produced flash flooding in Masonville. Heavy rainfall, up to one inch in an hour, produced flash flooding along Buckhorn Road, south of Big Bear Road.
• Flash Flooding in Louisiana, June 25, 20212 eventsThe remnants of a mesoscale convective system became the focus for thunderstorm development over Lake Pontchartrain and the Mississippi Sound.
• Hail in Nebraska, June 25, 20211.25 in hail · 2 eventsOn the afternoon of June 25th, thunderstorms developed in southwestern Nebraska ahead of an approaching cold front. These thunderstorms produced damaging hail up to half dollar in size within the area.
• Hail in Colorado, June 25, 20212.75 in hail · 2 eventsAn upper level system moved across the region with scattered storms lifting out across the far southeast plains through the afternoon and evening. Severe storms were possible on this day with one developing across Baca county, producing large hail.
• Flash Flooding and Hail in Kansas, June 25, 20211 in hail · 17 eventsScattered thunderstorms created severe weather across central and east-central during the afternoon and evening hours on 6/25.
• Damaging Winds in Texas, June 25, 2021$290,000 · 83 kt wind · 6 eventsA broad upper level ridge was over the Southern Plains. There was a slight moisture gradient in place from the Upper Trans Pecos down to the Big Bend. Temperatures across West Texas were hot, and there was fairly high instability across the area of higher moisture.
• Hail and Damaging Wind in Nebraska, June 25, 20211 in hail · 2 eventsIsolated to scattered strong-to-severe thunderstorms rumbled across various parts of South Central Nebraska on this Friday afternoon and evening, although the majority of activity focused north of Interstate 80. Between 3-8 p.m.
• Tornado and Hail in Texas, June 25, 2021$100,000 · EF1 · 12 eventsThunderstorms formed along an old outflow boundary associated with previous day's activity from Endee, NM to Amarillo, TX and along Highway 60 to Canadian, TX.
• Hail and Damaging Winds in Kansas, June 25, 20212.75 in hail · 14 eventsA frontal boundary from the day before sagged further south across south central Kansas with isolated storms developed along it. With ample shear and instability, storms became supercellular with hail the main threat.
• Damaging Winds in Oklahoma, June 25 to 26, 202167 kt wind · 5 eventsThunderstorms moved into western Oklahoma from the Texas panhandle during the late evening of the 25th, with several reports of severe wind gusts.
• Damaging Wind in Colorado, June 25, 202156 kt wind · 1 eventOn the afternoon of June 25th, thunderstorms developed in east-central Colorado ahead of an approaching cold front. These thunderstorms produced a wind gust of 65 mph in the area.
• Flash Flooding and Damaging Wind in Missouri, June 25 to 26, 202161 kt wind · 7 eventsA composite outflow boundary extending from the Kansas City area towards southeast Missouri was a focus for new development from the evening hours of June 25th through June 26th.
• Tornadoes in Illinois, June 25, 2021EF0 · 5 eventsScattered strong to severe thunderstorms developed along an old outflow boundary along the I-72 corridor during the late afternoon and evening of June 25th. Five brief tornadoes touched down, resulting in minor tree and crop damage.
• Damaging Winds in Oklahoma, June 25, 2021$30,000 · 74 kt wind · 7 eventsThunderstorms formed along an old outflow boundary associated with previous day's activity from Endee, NM to Amarillo, TX and along Highway 60 to Canadian, TX.
• Damaging Wind in Nebraska, June 25, 202152 kt wind · 1 eventThunderstorms developed in the vicinity of a stationary front over the eastern Sandhills during the early evening hours of June 25th. This activity became severe over Garfield and Wheeler counties with wind gusts estimated at 60 MPH.
• Hail and Damaging Winds in Kansas, June 25, 2021$2,000 · 1.75 in hail · 6 eventsOn the evening of June 25th, thunderstorms developed in northwestern Kansas ahead of an approaching cold front. These thunderstorms produced wind gusts up to 67 mph in the area and damaging hail up to golf ball size in the area.
• Damaging Winds in Texas, June 25 to 26, 202165 kt wind · 4 eventsStrong instability developed ahead of a dryline under cyclonic flow aloft which produced isolated severe thunderstorms on the afternoon of the 25th. Hot and dry conditions became favorable for these storms to support strong downdrafts that produced severe wind gusts.
• Tornadoes in Indiana, June 25, 2021$141,000 · EF1 · 3 eventsA small vort max sliding through a mildly cyclonic mid-level flow and above a warm frontal zone induced a slow moving supercell in the evening, which spawned an EF1 and an EF0 tornado.
• Tornado in Illinois, June 25, 2021EF1 · 1 eventScattered thunderstorms moved across portions of east central Illinois on June 25th producing one tornado.
• Damaging Wind in New Mexico, June 25, 202154 kt wind · 1 eventSouthwest flow aloft that had been persistent over the previous days over New Mexico became westerly which resulted in a downtrend in moisture values on June 25, 2021.
• Hail and Damaging Wind in Kansas, June 25, 20211 in hail · 2 eventsOn this Friday evening, a few initially semi-isolated thunderstorms gradually congealed into a small convective complex within parts of this six-county North Central Kansas area.
• Flash Flooding in Illinois, June 25 to 26, 2021$12 million · 6 eventsA series of disturbances tracking along a nearly stationary frontal boundary resulted in two periods of heavy rainfall across parts of central Illinois on June 25th and June 26th.
• Flash Flood and Heavy Rain in Iowa, June 25 to 26, 20214 eventsA stationary thunderstorm developed in Linn County, near Marion, Iowa. This thunderstorm formed in a favorable environment for heavy rain, which it led to nearly 6 inches or more in some areas within a few hours.
• Flash Flood in Nebraska, June 25, 20211 eventHeavy rain lead to flooding reports in Cuming County.
• Tornado and Flash Flood in Illinois, June 25 to 26, 202161 kt wind · 3 eventsA composite outflow boundary extending from the Kansas City area towards southeast Missouri was a focus for new development from the evening hours of June 25th through June 26th.
• Tornado and Flash Flooding in Michigan, June 25 to 26, 20216 injured · $151 million · EF2 · 8 eventsAfter several weeks of moderate to severe drought conditions in Southeast Michigan, an active weather pattern brought widespread rainfall and flooding to Metro Detroit and surrounding areas during the weekend of June 25-27th.
• Flash Flood and Flood in Wisconsin, June 26 to 27, 2021$305,000 · 5 eventsA band of heavy rain fell across portions of southwest Wisconsin during the early morning hours of June 26th. Radar estimates indicated that 6 to 9 inches of rain fell across the southwest in central portions of Crawford County.
• Flash Flooding and Damaging Wind in Missouri, June 26 to 27, 2021$170,000 · 52 kt wind · 11 eventsDuring the late evening of the 25th and morning of the 26th, storms moved repeatedly along and north of an outflow boundary that extended along Interstate 44 from Lebanon to Joplin.
• Flash Flooding and Flood in Oklahoma, June 26 to 30, 2021$25,000 · 56 kt wind · 5 eventsA stationary front across northeastern Oklahoma and southeastern Kansas resulted in multiple rounds of thunderstorms across the region from June 26th through the 30th.
• Tornadoes and Flash Flooding in Illinois, June 26, 20211 injured · EF0 · 22 eventsThunderstorms moved across portions of northeast and east central Illinois from mid morning through early evening on June 26th. Torrential rainfall with these thunderstorms caused flooding in many areas. Two tornadoes also occurred, one in Chatsworth and one in Crete.
• Tornado and Damaging Winds in Indiana, June 26, 2021EF0 · 4 eventsScattered severe thunderstorms moved across northwest Indiana during the afternoon of June 26th, producing wind damage and one tornado.
• Tornadoes and Damaging Wind in Michigan, June 26, 2021$875,000 · EF1 · 7 eventsA low pressure system and warm front combined to setup conditions favorable for the development of several weak tornadoes on June 26th. Storm damage surveys were conducted and it was determined that two EF-1 tornadoes occurred and that several EF-0 tornadoes occurred.
• Tornado and Damaging Winds in Illinois, June 26, 2021$120,000 · EF0 · 9 eventsSeveral bands of thunderstorms developed along and ahead of an outflow boundary during the afternoon of June 26th. One storm spawned a brief tornado that damaged a corn field near Cornland in southern Logan County.
• Damaging Winds in Georgia, June 26 to 29, 202150 kt wind · 11 eventsA typical summertime pattern prevailed with scattered afternoon thunderstorms across the tri-state region. There were a few reports of wind damage with the strongest storms.
• Flash Flooding and Flooding in Oklahoma, June 26 to 29, 20211 in hail · 21 eventsA very moist airmass and slow moving storms led to a multi-day heavy rainfall event for much of the area. 6 to 8+ inches fell in a swath from southwest OK northeast along the I-44 corridor. Several storms also produced isolated severe weather with hail and strong winds reported.
• Hail and Damaging Winds in New Mexico, June 26, 2021$145,000 · 1 in hail · 6 eventsAfter several days of relatively drier air at the surface resulted in more gusty winds than wetting precipitation, a moist backdoor cold front that invaded eastern New Mexico early on June 26, 2021.
• Flash Flooding and Hail in Texas, June 26, 2021$30 million · 1.75 in hail · 16 eventsAn upper level trough was over Arizona and New Mexico. A cold front was stalled across portions of Southeast New Mexico and the northern Permian Basin. Hot temperatures were in place ahead of the cold front.
• Damaging Wind in New Mexico, June 26, 202151 kt wind · 1 eventAn upper level trough was over Arizona and New Mexico. A cold front was stalled across portions of Southeast New Mexico and the northern Permian Basin. Hot temperatures were in place ahead of the cold front.
• Damaging Winds in Indiana, June 26, 2021$2,000 · 50 kt wind · 2 eventsIn the evening, a slowly approaching squall line prompted a Severe Thunderstorm Watch for most of northwestern central Indiana. Despite weakening and breaking up slightly, upon encountering the warm and very humid conditions, one storm pulsed up, producing brief damaging winds.
• Flash Flooding and Heavy Rain in Texas, June 26 to 27, 2021$152,000 · 6 eventsAn upper level trough was to the west of Texas. An upper level disturbance attached to the upper trough moved over West Texas and provided additional atmospheric lift. A cold front was in the area along with outflow boundaries from previous thunderstorms.
• Flash Flooding and Debris Flows in Puerto Rico, June 27, 20216 eventsA tropical wave interacted with an Tropical Upper Tropospheric Trough to result in rounds of heavy rainfall across eastern PR.
• Flash Flood in American Samoa, June 27 to 28, 2021$20,000 · 1 eventHeavy rainfall over a 24 hour period produced flash flooding in low-lying areas across the territory, especially in the village of Tafuna.
• Hail in Nebraska, June 27, 20210.75 in hail · 1 eventStrong thunderstorm moved across portions of Scotts Bluff County and the town of Mitchell producing hail stones up to the size of pennies.
• Damaging Wind in Texas, June 27, 202154 kt wind · 1 eventThe initial surge of monsoon moisture moved into the Borderland and combined with an elongated upper level trough to produce a severe thunderstorm over northeast El Paso.
• Damaging Wind in New Mexico, June 27, 202151 kt wind · 1 eventThe first surge of monsoon moisture pushed into southwest New Mexico and combined with an elongated upper trough to produce a few thunderstorms with one resulting in severe winds across the Lordsburg Playa.
• Damaging Wind in Ohio, June 27, 202150 kt wind · 1 eventNorthern Ohio was in the warm sector during the afternoon and early evening of the 27th as a surface low remained nearly-stationary near northern Lake Huron and the trailing front remained nearly-stationary from the low to the Lower Missouri River Valley.

Every billion-dollar disasterEvery storm of 2021Tornadoes in 2021

NOAA NCEI, U.S. Billion-Dollar Weather and Climate Disasters (2025), https://doi.org/10.25921/stkw-7w73, and the Storm Events Database for the episodes.