Alert archive / Alabama / Tornado Watches in 2011

Tornado Watch 842

September 5, 201122 counties in Alabama

The Storm Prediction Center issued this tornado watch at Sep 5, 2011, 3:49 PM CDT for 22 counties in Alabama. It was in force for 4 hr.

The area

The outline as issued.

The facts

Issued
Sep 5, 2011, 3:49 PM CDT (20:49 UTC)
Expired
Sep 5, 2011, 7:40 PM CDT
In force
4 hr
Issued by
the Storm Prediction Center
Largest hail expected
1 in
Strongest gust expected
60 kt
All 22 counties

Autauga County, AL, Barbour County, AL, Bullock County, AL, Calhoun County, AL, Chambers County, AL, Chilton County, AL, Clay County, AL, Cleburne County, AL, Coosa County, AL, Dallas County, AL, Elmore County, AL, Lee County, AL, Lowndes County, AL, Macon County, AL, Montgomery County, AL, Pike County, AL, Randolph County, AL, Russell County, AL, Shelby County, AL, St. Clair County, AL, Talladega County, AL, Tallapoosa County, AL

The radar

The Birmingham radar (KBMX), 86 km from the middle of the area, began a volume at 20:48 UTC, the scan nearest the moment this went out.

Open the radar archive at this moment

The archived warnings, watches and discussions in force at that minute are drawn over the scan, this one among them.

What SPC expected

The probabilities SPC published with the watch, for the watch area over its life.

Two or more tornadoes
40%
One or more EF2 to EF5 tornadoes
20%
Ten or more severe wind reports
30%
One or more gusts of 65 knots or more
30%
Ten or more severe hail reports
5%
One or more hailstones of 2 inches or more
5%
Six or more combined severe hail and wind reports
70%

Warnings issued inside it

3 tornado, severe thunderstorm and flash flood warnings for its counties while it was in force.

IssuedProductOfficeCountiesLasted
Sep 5, 4:52 PM CDTFlash Flood WarningBMXBibb, Shelby3 hr
Sep 5, 5:12 PM CDTFlash Flood WarningBMXEtowah, St. Clair6 hr
Sep 5, 7:01 PM CDTFlash Flood WarningBMXCalhoun, Cherokee, Etowah, St. Clair, Shelby, Talladega3 hr

Discussions around it

SPC mesoscale discussions over the same counties from four hours before the watch to its end.

The nearest sounding before it

Birmingham, AL (KBMX), launched 12:00Z, 8.8 hours before the alert went out and 86 km from the middle of its area. This is the routine balloon launch nearest before it, the air the forecaster had in hand, not a measurement taken for the alert.

Skew-T log-pSkew-T log-p diagram, Birmingham, AL at 12:00Z on 2011-09-05Temperature and dew point through the depth of the atmosphere, with the mixed-layer parcel. CAPE 371 joules per kilogram.LCLLFCEL10008507005003002001001 km2 km3 km6 km9 km12 km15 km-30°-20°-10°0°10°20°30°40°
Temperature in red, dew point in green, the mixed-layer parcel dashed.
HodographHodograph, Birmingham, AL at 12:00Z on 2011-09-05The wind through the lowest 10 kilometers. Zero to 1 km storm-relative helicity 238 square meters per square second.193958Sfc1 km3 km6 km9 kmRMLM
The wind turning with height, colored by layer: ground to 1 km, 1 to 3 km, 3 to 6 km, 6 to 10 km.
Mixed-layer CAPE
371 J/kg
Mixed-layer CIN
-4 J/kg
Mixed-layer LCL
471 m above ground
0-6 km bulk shear
42 kt
0-1 km storm-relative helicity
238 m²/s²
0-3 km storm-relative helicity
277 m²/s²
Significant tornado parameter
0.4
Supercell composite
2.7

Open this sounding in Storm Lab

The text

As transmitted, in the capitals the NWS used until 2016.

174 
WWUS20 KWNS 052031
SEL2
SPC WW 052031
ALZ000-060300-

URGENT - IMMEDIATE BROADCAST REQUESTED
TORNADO WATCH NUMBER 842
NWS STORM PREDICTION CENTER NORMAN OK
335 PM CDT MON SEP 5 2011

THE NWS STORM PREDICTION CENTER HAS ISSUED A
TORNADO WATCH FOR PORTIONS OF

       CENTRAL ALABAMA

EFFECTIVE THIS MONDAY AFTERNOON AND EVENING FROM 335 PM UNTIL
1000 PM CDT.

TORNADOES...HAIL TO 1 INCH IN DIAMETER...THUNDERSTORM WIND GUSTS
TO 70 MPH...AND DANGEROUS LIGHTNING ARE POSSIBLE IN THESE AREAS.

THE TORNADO WATCH AREA IS APPROXIMATELY ALONG AND 40 STATUTE
MILES EAST AND WEST OF A LINE FROM 40 MILES NORTHEAST OF ANNISTON
ALABAMA TO 40 MILES EAST OF SELMA ALABAMA.  FOR A COMPLETE
DEPICTION OF THE WATCH SEE THE ASSOCIATED WATCH OUTLINE UPDATE
(WOUS64 KWNS WOU2).

REMEMBER...A TORNADO WATCH MEANS CONDITIONS ARE FAVORABLE FOR
TORNADOES AND SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS IN AND CLOSE TO THE WATCH
AREA. PERSONS IN THESE AREAS SHOULD BE ON THE LOOKOUT FOR
THREATENING WEATHER CONDITIONS AND LISTEN FOR LATER STATEMENTS
AND POSSIBLE WARNINGS.

OTHER WATCH INFORMATION...CONTINUE...WW 838...WW 840...WW 841...

DISCUSSION...SURFACE LOW SW OF MGM WILL CONTINUE TO DEVELOP NEWD
ALONG ATTENDANT BAROCLINIC ZONE ENHANCING VERTICAL SHEAR AND
CONVERGENCE ALONG IT/S TRACK.  AS SUCH...THE POTENTIAL FOR
SUPERCELLS CAPABLE OF A COUPLE TORNADOES AND DAMAGING WINDS WILL
LIKELY PERSIST THROUGH THIS EVENING ACROSS THE WATCH AREA.

AVIATION...TORNADOES AND A FEW SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS WITH HAIL
SURFACE AND ALOFT TO 1 INCH. EXTREME TURBULENCE AND SURFACE WIND
GUSTS TO 60 KNOTS. A FEW CUMULONIMBI WITH MAXIMUM TOPS TO 500.
MEAN STORM MOTION VECTOR 21030.


...MEAD

SPC that day

Everything else SPC issued on the same UTC day.

IssuedProductOfficeCountiesLasted
Sep 4, 9:42 PM CDTTornado WatchSPCAutauga, Baldwin, Butler, Choctaw, Clarke, Conecuh and 16 more9 hr
Sep 4, 11:35 PM CDTMesoscale DiscussionSPCBaldwin, Choctaw, Clarke, Conecuh, Covington, Escambia and 6 more115 min
Sep 5, 4:26 AM CDTMesoscale DiscussionSPCAutauga, Baldwin, Barbour, Bibb, Bullock, Butler and 41 more94 min
Sep 5, 5:35 AM CDTTornado WatchSPCAutauga, Baldwin, Barbour, Bibb, Blount, Bullock and 50 more10 hr
Sep 5, 7:24 AM CDTMesoscale DiscussionSPCAutauga, Barbour, Bibb, Bullock, Butler, Calhoun and 20 more66 min
Sep 5, 11:01 AM CDTMesoscale DiscussionSPCAutauga, Baldwin, Barbour, Bibb, Blount, Bullock and 41 more29 min
Sep 5, 3:04 PM CDTSevere Thunderstorm WatchSPCCoffee, Dale, Geneva, Henry, Houston6 hr
Sep 5, 3:15 PM CDTMesoscale DiscussionSPCBarbour, Bullock, Chambers, Coffee, Dale, Elmore and 9 more30 min
Sep 5, 6:37 PM CDTMesoscale DiscussionSPCBarbour, Bullock, Calhoun, Chambers, Clay, Cleburne and 9 more113 min
Sep 5, 11:10 AM CDTTornado WatchSPCBartow, Bibb, Butts, Carroll, Chattahoochee, Chattooga and 46 more4 hr
Sep 5, 12:23 PM CDTMesoscale DiscussionSPCBaldwin, Burke, Columbia, Elbert, Emanuel, Glascock and 17 more67 min
Sep 5, 2:05 PM CDTMesoscale DiscussionSPCBaldwin, Banks, Barrow, Bartow, Bibb, Bleckley and 75 more55 min
Sep 5, 2:42 PM CDTTornado WatchSPCBaldwin, Banks, Barrow, Bartow, Bibb, Bleckley and 81 more7 hr
Sep 5, 4:48 PM CDTMesoscale DiscussionSPCAppling, Bacon, Brantley, Bryan, Bulloch, Camden and 19 more87 min
Sep 5, 5:12 PM CDTSevere Thunderstorm WatchSPCBurke, Richmond4 hr

Nearby

Tornado Watches in Alabama, 2011Every tornado watch in 2011

Sources

The product and its follow-ups from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service and Storm Prediction Center text; the sounding from the Mesonet's radiosonde archive; radar from the NEXRAD Level II archive.