Minnesota Hail Storms
One of the severe storm disasters on NOAA’s billion-dollar list: $1.8 billion in losses at 2024 prices ($1.8 billion at the time).
What the offices filed during it
The 107 most significant severe storm episodes filed in these dates, colored by kind.
- Tornadoes
- Tropical storms and surge
- Floods
- Wind
- Hail
- Winter weather
- Heat and drought
- Cold
- Fire, smoke and dust
- Marine and coastal
- Other
The toll
- Losses, 2024 dollars
- $1.8 billion
- Losses at the time
- $1.8 billion
- Deaths
- 0
The losses and deaths are NCEI’s, counting everything the disaster did. The episodes below are only what the Weather Service filed in its Storm Events record, which counts damage differently and often not at all, so the two never add up and are shown apart.
By state, as filed
| State | Events | Deaths | Injuries | Damage filed |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Minnesota | 118 | 0 | 0 | $14 million |
| Nebraska | 40 | 0 | 0 | $14 million |
| South Carolina | 14 | 0 | 0 | $2.0 million |
| Tennessee | 92 | 0 | 1 | $1.6 million |
| Michigan | 7 | 0 | 0 | $1.0 million |
| Pennsylvania | 119 | 0 | 0 | $985,000 |
| Ohio | 61 | 0 | 0 | $803,000 |
| North Carolina | 34 | 0 | 0 | $530,000 |
| Kentucky | 12 | 0 | 0 | $425,000 |
| Texas | 20 | 0 | 0 | $387,000 |
| South Dakota | 52 | 0 | 0 | $235,000 |
| Alabama | 91 | 0 | 0 | $221,000 |
| Oklahoma | 29 | 0 | 0 | $123,000 |
| New York | 68 | 0 | 0 | $114,000 |
| New Mexico | 8 | 0 | 0 | $80,000 |
| Georgia | 72 | 0 | 0 | $78,000 |
| Missouri | 23 | 0 | 0 | $47,000 |
| Wisconsin | 41 | 0 | 0 | $33,000 |
| West Virginia | 15 | 0 | 0 | $26,000 |
| Mississippi | 1 | 0 | 0 | $25,000 |
| Kansas | 8 | 0 | 0 | $20,000 |
| Arkansas | 7 | 0 | 0 | $14,000 |
| California | 5 | 0 | 0 | $3,000 |
| Indiana | 2 | 0 | 0 | $1,000 |
| Utah | 3 | 0 | 0 | $1,000 |
| Iowa | 14 | 0 | 0 | |
| New Jersey | 13 | 0 | 0 | |
| North Dakota | 8 | 0 | 0 | |
| Illinois | 8 | 0 | 0 | |
| Colorado | 5 | 0 | 0 | |
| Florida | 3 | 0 | 0 | |
| Wyoming | 3 | 0 | 0 | |
| Arizona | 2 | 0 | 0 |
Episode by episode
- Damaging Winds in Georgia, August 9 to 10, 2023Thunderstorms which developed in the afternoon across Central Alabama moved into West Central GA. One cell lasted for a significant amount of time along a shear boundary and lasted past midnight on the 10th. Isolated severe winds were the main hazard.
- Hail and Damaging Wind in Arkansas, August 9, 2023A cold front pushed into the Mid-South during the late evening hours of August 9, 2023, and continued to push across the area during the early morning hours of August 10, 2023. Numerous showers and thunderstorms developed across the Mid-South.
- Damaging Wind in Tennessee, August 9, 2023A cold front pushed into the Mid-South during the late evening hours of August 9, 2023, and continued to push across the area during the early morning hours of August 10, 2023. Numerous showers and thunderstorms developed across the Mid-South.
- Tornado in Kentucky, August 9, 2023A weak low-top supercell brought rain and winds, but no lightning to Fleming County during the early morning hours of August 10, 2023. However, within this system, a weak tornado developed and tracked across portions of the county.
- Damaging Wind in Mississippi, August 10, 2023A cold front pushed into the Mid-South during the late evening hours of August 9, 2023, and continued to push across the area during the early morning hours of August 10, 2023. Numerous showers and thunderstorms developed across the Mid-South.
- Tornado and Damaging Winds in Alabama, August 10, 2023A line of strong to severe thunderstorms raced east-southeast from the Ozarks through the mid South during the evening hours of the 9th and into the Tennessee Valley during the early morning hours of the 10th.
- Flash Flooding and Damaging Winds in Tennessee, August 10, 2023Highly anomalous low level jet associated with a strong upper level shortwave brought an early morning thunderstorm complex through Tennessee, with flash flooding around Knoxville and damaging straight line winds in the southernmost counties.
- Damaging Winds in South Carolina, August 10, 2023A line of thunderstorms moved across upstate South Carolina during the morning. Embedded storms produced brief strong-to-damaging wind gusts.
- Damaging Winds in North Carolina, August 10, 2023An advancing cold front led to numerous showers and embedded thunderstorms tracking east during the morning and early afternoon hours. A few storms became severe in Anson and Sampson Counties.
- Damaging Winds in North Carolina, August 10, 2023An upper level disturbance brought straight-line winds to the area. Convection intensified as it approached the coast with the early destabilization.
- Damaging Winds in Florida, August 10 to 14, 2023A typical summer pattern persisted with scattered thunderstorms across the area with a few reports of severe weather.
- Tornadoes and Damaging Winds in New Jersey, August 10, 2023A weak surface front moved through NJ, sparking off a few showers and thunderstorms. Thunderstorms produced damaging wind gusts and two tornadoes in parts of New Jersey.
- Hail and Damaging Wind in New York, August 10, 2023A line of thunderstorms developed along a pre frontal surface trough during the afternoon. These storms briefly became severe with damaging winds and large hail observed as they crossed western portions of the Niagara Frontier.
- Damaging Winds in Colorado, August 10, 2023Severe thunderstorms produced intense straight-line winds over portions of Larimer and Weld counties. Peak gusts ranged from 63 mph to 80 mph.
- Flash Flood and Damaging Wind in Utah, August 10, 2023Zion National Park had heavy rain and flash flooding along the Virgin River. Thunderstorms around Milford brought strong outflow winds.
- Tornado and Hail in South Dakota, August 10, 2023A cold front brought the threat of severe thunderstorms to northeast South Dakota on the afternoon and evening of August 10th. Initially, individual storms presented both a hail and wind threat in the James Valley, with reports of golfball sized hail in Brown and Hand counties.
- Hail in Nebraska, August 10, 2023A supercell thunderstorm produced a swath of severe weather across portions of south central Nebraska during the evening of August 10th.
- Damaging Winds and Lightning Strike in North Carolina, August 10, 2023Thunderstorms developed and moved through Eastern NC during the early evening hours. A few storms became severe and produced damaging wind gusts. In addition, a lightning strike cause major structural damage to a home in Duck.
- Damaging Winds in Texas, August 10, 2023Numerous thunderstorms developed across the far northeastern Permian Basin along a late-season dryline setup. Very dry low-level conditions resulted in strong to severe downburst winds with a few of these thunderstorms.
- Hail and Damaging Winds in Nebraska, August 10, 2023Severe thunderstorms produced severe downburst winds and quarter sized hail the afternoon of 10 August 2023 across the southern Nebraska Panhandle.
- Tornadoes and Hail in South Dakota, August 10, 2023A late day frontal zone moved into an unstable airmass with up to 2000 J/kg MUCAPE and sparked several severe thunderstorms, which produced large hail up to golf ball size.
- Hail in Kansas, August 10, 2023During the afternoon hours, a thunderstorm developed over Decatur County and moved into Norton County where it produced quarter sized hail near the town of Almena, Kansas.
- Hail and Damaging Wind in North Dakota, August 10, 2023A shortwave and warm air advection sparked off convection in southeastern North Dakota in the evening hours of August 10th. Large hail was reported from these storms.
- Hail and Damaging Winds in Nebraska, August 10, 2023An isolated severe storm developed across western Nebraska and moved across the southern Sandhills with damaging winds and large hail.
- Hail and Damaging Winds in North Dakota, August 10, 2023A series of short-wave troughs moved through the area and interacted with elevated instability and marginal deep layer shear to produce a thunderstorm over far northwest North Dakota.
- Hail and Damaging Winds in Texas, August 10, 2023Scattered strong to severe (high-based) thunderstorms moved from central Texas into portions of western-north Texas, aided by regeneration along convective cold pools/outflow, on the evening of the 10th.
- Hail and Damaging Wind in Texas, August 10, 2023A surface low pressure center and a weak frontal boundary kicked off isolated thunderstorms across western and central portions of North Texas on the afternoons and evenings of August 9 & 10. Wind damage and large hail occurred in a few of these storms.
- Hail in Kansas, August 10, 2023An isolated supercell produced hail in Republic County during the evening of 8/10.
- Damaging Winds in Minnesota, August 10, 2023A line of thunderstorms moved through the region during the late evening of August 10, 2023. These storms generally produced wind gusts of 40 to 50 mph, but a few locally higher gusts were observed, as well as some tree and powerline damage.
- Hail and Damaging Winds in Oklahoma, August 11, 2023Strong to severe thunderstorms developed across portions of east central and southeastern Oklahoma during the early morning hours of the 11th, to the north of a warm front that was near the Red River. The strongest storms produced large hail in excess of two inches in diameter.
- Damaging Wind in Alabama, August 11, 2023A line of thunderstorms produced strong winds in a few locations during the early morning hours. A tree was knocked down in Madison County, blocking a road, and resulted in a vehicle running into it.
- Hail and Damaging Winds in Alabama, August 11 to 15, 2023A continued pattern of westerly or northwesterly upper level flow produced several consecutive days of severe weather across northeastern and southeastern portions of Central Alabama.
- Damaging Wind in Illinois, August 11, 2023A disturbance moved across the area during the early morning hours of August 11th, resulting in a line of showers and thunderstorms that moved eastward across the area.
- Hail and Damaging Wind in Iowa, August 11, 2023An upper level shortwave traveling across the region, paired with modest MUCAPE and moisture above the midlevels allowed for sub-severe to severe hail across portions of Northern Iowa through the late evening.
- Lightning Strike in South Carolina, August 11, 2023A stalled frontal boundary was the focus for storms that produced lightning that caused a church fire in Barnwell.
- Damaging Winds in South Carolina, August 11, 2023A cluster of thunderstorms ongoing across parts of central Georgia was forced eastward by a shortwave, encountering moderate levels of surface-based CAPE, strong low-level lapse rates, high levels of downdraft CAPE and moderate levels of 0-6 km bulk shear across southeast South…
- Hail in Nebraska, August 11, 2023A supercell developed in Saline County and produced 1-to-2-inch diameter hail in a consistent line across 3 counties in the early afternoon on August 11.
- Damaging Winds in Minnesota, August 11, 2023An occluded low pressure system moved across the Upper Midwest during the afternoon and evening hours of the 11th. Storms formed in the warm sector ahead of the cold front south of a triple-point that moved through the Brainerd area.
- Hail and Damaging Winds in Minnesota, August 11, 2023On August 11, 2023 an unstable air mass with ample deep layer shear supported numerous supercell thunderstorms during the afternoon and evening. These storms produced widespread large hail, along with some damaging wind. A few reports were for greater than 2 inch hail.
- Damaging Wind in South Carolina, August 11, 2023Fast moving squall line affected most of northeast SC. The line was strongest in Georgetown and across the Grand Strand. Shortly after encountering the sea breeze the convection began to weaken as the outflow moved ahead of the line.
- Hail and Damaging Wind in Wisconsin, August 11, 2023An occluded low pressure system moved across the Upper Midwest during the afternoon and evening hours of the 11th. Storms formed in the warm sector ahead of the cold front south of a triple-point that moved through the Brainerd area to near the Twin Ports.
- Hail and Damaging Wind in Minnesota, August 11, 2023With a lingering upper-level trough across the area, a weak surface convergence axis and diurnal destabilization produced a few late afternoon thunderstorms across southwest Minnesota and into northwest Iowa in the evening.
- Damaging Winds in Georgia, August 11 to 16, 2023A typical summer pattern persisted with scattered thunderstorms across the area with a few reports of severe weather.
- Damaging Winds in Alabama, August 11 to 15, 2023A typical summer pattern persisted with scattered thunderstorms across the area with a few reports of severe weather.
- Flash Flood in Utah, August 11, 2023Flash flooding caused roads within the park to close for several days.
- Hail and Damaging Winds in Wisconsin, August 11, 2023On August 11, 2023 an unstable air mass with ample deep layer shear supported numerous supercell thunderstorms during the afternoon and evening. These storms produced widespread large hail, along with some damaging wind. A few reports were for greater than 2 inch hail.
- Damaging Winds in Tennessee, August 11, 2023Scattered thunderstorms developed across southeast West Tennessee within an axis of very unstable air. There was enough wind shear aloft for some storm organization. An isolated storm over Hardeman became severe with damaging winds.
- Flash Flooding and Dust Storm in California, August 11 to 13, 2023The remnants of Eastern Pacific Tropical Storm Eugene fueled scattered thunderstorms over southeast California. A few produced flash flooding and strong winds.
- Hail and Damaging Winds in Oklahoma, August 11, 2023Scattered high-based convection moved from the eastern Texas Panhandle into portions of western and central Oklahoma on the evening of the 11th.
- Hail and Damaging Winds in Minnesota, August 11, 2023Discrete severe storms moved through west-central Minnesota on August 11th, with large hail and damaging wind gusts.
- Tornado and Flash Flood in Michigan, August 11, 2023Numerous showers and thunderstorms filtered in across portions of Southeast Michigan through the evening of August 11, 2023.
- Hail and Damaging Winds in Wisconsin, August 11, 2023A line of severe storms moved through western and central Wisconsin during evening of August 11th, resulting in coinciding corridors of severe reports.
- Hail and Damaging Winds in Minnesota, August 11, 2023A line of severe storms moved through southeast Minnesota during the evening of August 11th and produced winds in excess of 60 mph as well as quarter sized hail near Rochester (Olmsted County).
- Hail and Damaging Winds in Wisconsin, August 11, 2023Thunderstorms developed ahead of an approaching cold front and shortwave across Minnesota during the afternoon hours on Friday (8/11). These storms tracked east through Wisconsin during the evening hours.
- Damaging Wind in New Mexico, August 11, 2023Scattered diurnal thunderstorms across southeast New Mexico resulted in localized strong winds.
- Damaging Winds and Lightning Strike in Georgia, August 11, 2023Dangerously high heat index values combined with forcing from a passing mid-level short wave trough and approaching surface front triggered late day severe storms across SE GA.
- Hail in Michigan, August 11, 2023An upper disturbance moving across a somewhat unstable and highly-sheared environment generated a severe thunderstorm on the evening of the 11th which dropped large hail a few miles northwest of the city of Menominee.
- Damaging Wind in Iowa, August 11, 2023With a lingering upper-level trough across the area, a weak surface convergence axis and diurnal destabilization produced a few late afternoon thunderstorms across southwest Minnesota and into northwest Iowa in the evening.
- Tornado and Hail in Missouri, August 11, 2023On the evening hours of August 11th into early morning August 12th, storms brought hail, damaging winds, flash flooding, and even a brief tornado to northern Missouri.
- Damaging Winds in Arkansas, August 11, 2023A warm front translated northward from near the Red River during the day of the 11th. The front extended from north central Oklahoma through southwestern Arkansas by the early evening.
- Flash Flood and Damaging Wind in Arizona, August 11, 2023Monsoon moisture moved into far northern Arizona and triggered a strong thunderstorm over the Arizona portion of Lake Powell.
- Hail and Damaging Wind in Wisconsin, August 11, 2023Strong thunderstorms along a cold front produced gusty winds across southern WI and one report of large hail.
- Damaging Winds in Illinois, August 11, 2023An area of thunderstorms moved across far northern Illinois during the late evening of August 11th into the early morning of August 12th producing scattered wind damage.
- Hail and Damaging Wind in Kansas, August 11, 2023An isolated severe storm developed along an outflow boundary north out of Oklahoma during the late night hours of August 11th over portions of Cowley County.
- Tornado and Damaging Winds in Missouri, August 12, 2023Overnight August 11th into August 12th, discrete supercells congealed into a convective complex. This system produced widespread wind damage from northeast Missouri and west central Illinois as far south as the St. Louis Metropolitan Area.
- Damaging Wind in Texas, August 12, 2023Isolated thunderstorms that formed late in the afternoon and evening of the 11th persisted into the early morning hours of the 12th as they moved across the Rolling Plains.
- Damaging Wind in Illinois, August 12, 2023Overnight August 11th into August 12th, discrete supercells congealed into a convective complex. This system produced widespread wind damage from northeast Missouri and west central Illinois as far south as the St. Louis Metropolitan Area.
- Damaging Wind in Kansas, August 12, 2023A weakening linear mesoscale convective system moved into southeastern Kansas and was able to produce a damaging wind gust before weakening as it moved east into southern Missouri.
- Damaging Winds in Missouri, August 12, 2023A weakening linear mesoscale convective system moved into southwestern Missouri and was able to produce a few damaging wind gusts before weakening as it moved east across southern Missouri.
- Hail and Damaging Wind in Indiana, August 12, 2023Numerous pulse thunderstorms crossed central Indiana from west to east from pre-dawn to mid-morning hours.
- Hail and Damaging Wind in Missouri, August 12, 2023A broken line of strong thunderstorms became weaker and more disorganized as it moved south across southeast Missouri. However, outflow winds from these weakening storms were locally damaging shortly before they crossed into western Kentucky.
- Tornadoes and Flash Flooding in Kentucky, August 12, 2023Clusters of strong thunderstorms over southeast Missouri and northwest Tennessee merged into a complex of severe thunderstorms over southwest Kentucky.
- Damaging Wind in Tennessee, August 12, 2023A strengthening ridge over east Texas and Louisiana kept conditions mostly hot and dry across the Lower Mississippi Valley.
- Damaging Winds in Kentucky, August 12, 2023An overnight line of thunderstorms, from Missouri and Illinois, persisted until reaching Jefferson County. Gusty winds from the line caused isolated tree and property damage in Louisville.
- Tornado and Flash Flooding in Tennessee, August 12, 2023A line of thunderstorms moved through Middle Tennessee during the early afternoon hours of August 12, 2023. Damaging straight-line winds were the main hazard with this line with numerous reports received of downed trees and powerlines.
- Tornado in Ohio, August 12, 2023Scattered showers and thunderstorms developed as a cold front moved through the Ohio Valley.
- Tornadoes and Hail in Ohio, August 12, 2023An occluded surface low meandered near the eastern shore of Lake Superior during the late morning through early evening of the 12th.
- Tornadoes and Hail in Pennsylvania, August 12, 2023Finish.
- Damaging Wind in New Jersey, August 12, 2023A few showers and thunderstorms moved through New Jersey on the afternoon of August 12th. These storms produced damaging wind gusts.
- Flash Flooding and Hail in Tennessee, August 12, 2023Marginally supportive shear and plenty of CAPE combine to produce numerous severe thunderstorms that grew upscale into a mesoscale convective system.
- Hail and Damaging Winds in Pennsylvania, August 12, 2023Scattered thunderstorms developed ahead of an approaching cold front over Ohio and northwestern Pennsylvania during the early afternoon of August 12, 2023, and progressed eastward across central Pennsylvania through the late afternoon and evening hours.
- Damaging Wind in Kentucky, August 12, 2023Severe storms were not really expected on August the 12th in eastern Kentucky - however locations to our northeast and south/southeast were in more of the risk zone for stronger convection.
- Damaging Winds in Tennessee, August 12, 2023A complex of thunderstorms dropped southeast through southern middle Tennessee into northeast Alabama during the midday through mid afternoon hours. A few trees were knocked down as a result of the storms in Moore and Franklin Counties.
- Damaging Winds in New York, August 12, 2023After a warm front lifted across the region in the morning, the arrival of a strong upper level disturbance and surface cold front late in the day combined with ample instability and wind shear to produce severe thunderstorms to the southeast of Lake Ontario during the evening…
- Tornado and Hail in New York, August 12, 2023A frontal boundary moved through Central New York and supported multiple thunderstorms. High instability and shear supported scattered severe thunderstorms containing damaging wind gusts, large hail, and a NWS survey also confirmed a tornado in Delaware County.
- Damaging Winds in Alabama, August 12, 2023A complex of thunderstorms dropped southeast into north central Alabama during the midday through mid afternoon hours. A few trees were knocked down as a result of the storms in Cullman County.
- Damaging Winds in Georgia, August 12, 2023A shortwave disturbance moved out of Alabama and into North and Central Georgia along a nearly stationary frontal boundary. Overperforming instability and minor shear allowed thunderstorms to become strong to severe, particularly in the Atlanta Metro.
- Tornado and Flash Flood in Pennsylvania, August 12, 2023A mid-level shortwave trough moved across the northern Great Lakes with a belt of stronger flow moving through the southern Great Lakes. Scattered thunderstorms|developed through midday into the afternoon. Forecast soundings showed some low-level hodograph curvature.
- Hail and Damaging Winds in North Carolina, August 12, 2023A couple of broken lines of thunderstorms moved across western North Carolina during the afternoon and early evening. A few of the storms produced brief severe weather, mainly in the form of damaging wind gusts.
- Hail and Damaging Winds in South Dakota, August 12, 2023A supercell thunderstorm developed over the northern Black Hills and tracked southeast into the eastern Foothills and then onto the adjacent plains before weakening as it moved across the west central South Dakota plains.
- Flash Flooding and Damaging Winds in New Mexico, August 12 to 13, 2023Abundant monsoon moisture surged into NM allowing for storms producing heavy rainfall and severe winds over portions of northeastern NM. Severe winds near Clayton, NM caused some damage on August 12th.
- Tornado and Flash Flooding in Ohio, August 12, 2023A mid-level shortwave trough moved across the northern Great Lakes with a belt of stronger flow moving through the southern Great Lakes. Scattered thunderstorms|developed through midday into the afternoon. Forecast soundings showed some low-level hodograph curvature.
- Damaging Winds in North Carolina, August 12, 2023A mesoscale convective system that brought severe winds to east Tennessee continued to produce severe winds in North Carolina.
- Tornado and Damaging Winds in Pennsylvania, August 12, 2023A frontal boundary moved through Northeastern Pennsylvania, supporting multiple thunderstorms. High instability and shear supported isolated severe thunderstorms containing damaging wind gusts, small hail, and a tornado.
- Hail and Damaging Winds in Pennsylvania, August 12, 2023Two strong systems moved through during the afternoon and evening on August 12th, with strong to severe thunderstorms producing damaging wind gusts and large hail.
- Hail and Damaging Winds in Oklahoma, August 12, 2023Scattered thunderstorms developed in the vicinity of a remnant outflow boundary across portions of southwest Oklahoma during the afternoon/evening of the 12th.
- Damaging Winds in Kansas, August 12, 2023A severe thunderstorm developed over Harper County with a swath of elevated showers and storms during the afternoon hours of August 12th. The storm knocked down powerlines in Anthony as wind gusts up to 70 mph impacted the town.
- Damaging Winds in Georgia, August 12, 2023A couple of broken lines of thunderstorms moved across northeast Georgia during the late afternoon and early evening. A few of the storms produced briefing damaging wind gusts.
- Hail in South Dakota, August 12, 2023A thunderstorm briefly became severe over the central Black Hills, producing quarter size hail near Sheridan Lake.
- Damaging Winds in Oklahoma, August 12, 2023The combined Oklahoma and Texas Panhandles saw quite a bit of moisture return to the area going into the 12th. On both the 12th and the 13th, the combined Panhandles saw widespread rain and thunderstorms across the area.
- Damaging Winds in South Carolina, August 12, 2023A couple of broken lines of thunderstorms moved across upstate South Carolina during the late afternoon and early evening. A few of the storms produced swaths of strong-to-damaging wind gusts.
- Damaging Wind in Colorado, August 12, 2023Some rogue severe criteria winds developed over the eastern plains.
- Flash Flood and Hail in New York, August 12, 2023A few showers and thunderstorms developed within the warm sector of a low pressure system across eastern New York during the afternoon and evening hours on August 12, 2023.
- Hail in Wyoming, August 12, 2023A severe thunderstorm developed in the Sundance area and tracked southeastward before weakening as it moved into South Dakota. The storm produced hail to golf ball size.
- Tornado in Ohio, August 12, 2023On the afternoon of August 12th, strong to severe thunderstorms were strongly possible as a result of an encroaching cold front and hot and muggy conditions festering over southeast Ohio.
- Hail and Damaging Winds in West Virginia, August 12, 2023A mid-level shortwave trough moved across the northern Great Lakes with a belt of stronger flow moving through the southern Great Lakes. Scattered thunderstorms|developed through midday into the afternoon. Forecast soundings showed some low-level hodograph curvature.
- Hail in South Dakota, August 12, 2023A severe thunderstorm developed over the Custer area, with numerous reports of hail near ping pong ball size.
More
Every billion-dollar disasterEvery storm of 2023Tornadoes in 2023
Sources
NOAA NCEI, U.S. Billion-Dollar Weather and Climate Disasters (2025), https://doi.org/10.25921/stkw-7w73, and the Storm Events Database for the episodes.