Alert archive / Michigan / Severe Thunderstorm Warnings in 2026
Severe Thunderstorm Warning 65, NWS Gaylord, MI
NWS Gaylord, MI issued this severe thunderstorm warning at Jul 1, 2026, 1:53 PM EDT for Arenac County, Gladwin County, Ogemaw County, Michigan. It was in force for 52 min. No storm report in the archive falls inside the area while it was in force.
The area
The outline as issued.
The facts
- Issued
- Jul 1, 2026, 1:53 PM EDT (17:53 UTC)
- Expired
- Jul 1, 2026, 2:45 PM EDT
- In force
- 52 min
- Issued by
- NWS Gaylord, MI
- Area
- Storm-based polygon
- Hail
- 1.0 in
- Wind
- 60.0 mph
Counties Arenac County, MI, Gladwin County, MI, Ogemaw County, MI
The radar
The NCL Michigan radar (KAPX), 111 km from the middle of the area, began a volume at 17:53 UTC, the scan nearest the moment this went out.
Open the radar archive at this moment
The archived warnings, watches and discussions in force at that minute are drawn over the scan, this one among them.
Did it verify
Not verified. The Iowa Environmental Mesonet's Cow found no qualifying storm report inside this severe thunderstorm warning while it was in force. That is not proof nothing happened: reports are thin where few people live.
Cow counts a report within 15 km of the polygon while the warning was in force: a tornado for a tornado warning; hail of 1 inch or more, a gust of 58 mph or more or wind damage for a severe thunderstorm warning; a flash flood report for a flash flood warning.
The watch it was issued in
The SPC watch in force over the same counties when this warning went out.
| Issued | Product | Office | Lasted |
|---|---|---|---|
| Jul 1, 10:11 AM EDT | Severe Thunderstorm Watch | SPC | 6 hr |
The nearest sounding before it
Detroit, MI (KDTX), launched 12:00Z, 5.9 hours before the alert went out and 153 km from the middle of its area. This is the routine balloon launch nearest before it, the air the forecaster had in hand, not a measurement taken for the alert.
- Mixed-layer CAPE
- 2180 J/kg
- Mixed-layer CIN
- -89 J/kg
- Mixed-layer LCL
- 880 m above ground
- 0-6 km bulk shear
- 22 kt
- 0-1 km storm-relative helicity
- 39 m²/s²
- 0-3 km storm-relative helicity
- 57 m²/s²
- Significant tornado parameter
- 0.0
- Supercell composite
- 0.0
The text
As transmitted.
878
WUUS53 KAPX 011753
SVRAPX
MIC011-051-129-011845-
/O.NEW.KAPX.SV.W.0065.260701T1753Z-260701T1845Z/
BULLETIN - IMMEDIATE BROADCAST REQUESTED
Severe Thunderstorm Warning
National Weather Service Gaylord MI
153 PM EDT Wed Jul 1 2026
The National Weather Service in Gaylord has issued a
* Severe Thunderstorm Warning for...
Arenac County in northern Michigan...
Gladwin County in northern Michigan...
Southwestern Ogemaw County in northern Michigan...
* Until 245 PM EDT.
* At 153 PM EDT, a severe thunderstorm was located near Hockaday, or
10 miles northeast of Gladwin, moving east at 30 mph.
HAZARD...60 mph wind gusts and quarter size hail.
SOURCE...Radar indicated.
IMPACT...Hail damage to vehicles is expected. Expect wind damage
to roofs, siding, and trees.
* This severe thunderstorm will be near...
Alger around 200 PM EDT.
Sterling and Skidway Lake around 210 PM EDT.
Standish around 220 PM EDT.
Maple Ridge and Omer around 225 PM EDT.
PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...
For your protection move to an interior room on the lowest floor of a
building.
Large hail, damaging wind, and continuous cloud to ground lightning
are occurring with this storm. Move indoors immediately. Lightning is
one of nature's leading killers. Remember, if you can hear thunder,
you are close enough to be struck by lightning.
&&
LAT...LON 4410 8456 4416 8448 4416 8437 4421 8436
4411 8361 4400 8372 4400 8374 4398 8377
4400 8383 4391 8391 4391 8404 4400 8405
4400 8417 4383 8416 4383 8436 4381 8437
4382 8442
TIME...MOT...LOC 1753Z 283DEG 26KT 4411 8436
HAIL THREAT...RADAR INDICATED
MAX HAIL SIZE...1.00 IN
WIND THREAT...RADAR INDICATED
MAX WIND GUST...60 MPH
$$
ELD4 follow-up statements
524
WWUS53 KAPX 011807
SVSAPX
Severe Weather Statement
National Weather Service Gaylord MI
207 PM EDT Wed Jul 1 2026
MIC129-011817-
/O.CAN.KAPX.SV.W.0065.000000T0000Z-260701T1845Z/
Ogemaw MI-
207 PM EDT Wed Jul 1 2026
...THE SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WARNING FOR SOUTHWESTERN OGEMAW COUNTY IS
CANCELLED...
The severe thunderstorm which prompted the warning has moved out of
the warned area. Therefore, the warning has been cancelled.
A Severe Thunderstorm Watch remains in effect until 400 PM EDT for
northern Michigan.
&&
LAT...LON 4396 8449 4404 8433 4412 8425 4416 8416
4416 8398 4411 8361 4400 8372 4400 8374
4398 8377 4400 8383 4391 8391 4391 8404
4400 8405 4400 8417 4383 8416 4383 8436
4381 8437 4382 8442
TIME...MOT...LOC 1807Z 283DEG 26KT 4409 8422
$$
MIC011-051-011845-
/O.CON.KAPX.SV.W.0065.000000T0000Z-260701T1845Z/
Arenac MI-Gladwin MI-
207 PM EDT Wed Jul 1 2026
...A SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WARNING REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 245 PM EDT
FOR ARENAC AND EASTERN GLADWIN COUNTIES...
At 207 PM EDT, a severe thunderstorm was located near Alger, moving
east at 30 mph.
HAZARD...60 mph wind gusts and quarter size hail.
SOURCE...Radar indicated.
IMPACT...Hail damage to vehicles is expected. Expect wind damage to
roofs, siding, and trees.
This severe storm will be near...
Alger and Sterling around 210 PM EDT.
Standish around 220 PM EDT.
Maple Ridge and Omer around 225 PM EDT.
Twining around 235 PM EDT.
Au Gres around 245 PM EDT.
PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...
For your protection move to an interior room on the lowest floor of a
building.
&&
LAT...LON 4396 8449 4404 8433 4412 8425 4416 8416
4416 8398 4411 8361 4400 8372 4400 8374
4398 8377 4400 8383 4391 8391 4391 8404
4400 8405 4400 8417 4383 8416 4383 8436
4381 8437 4382 8442
TIME...MOT...LOC 1807Z 283DEG 26KT 4409 8422
HAIL THREAT...RADAR INDICATED
MAX HAIL SIZE...1.00 IN
WIND THREAT...RADAR INDICATED
MAX WIND GUST...60 MPH
$$
ELD957
WWUS53 KAPX 011821
SVSAPX
Severe Weather Statement
National Weather Service Gaylord MI
221 PM EDT Wed Jul 1 2026
MIC051-011831-
/O.CAN.KAPX.SV.W.0065.000000T0000Z-260701T1845Z/
Gladwin MI-
221 PM EDT Wed Jul 1 2026
...THE SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WARNING FOR EASTERN GLADWIN COUNTY IS
CANCELLED...
The severe thunderstorm which prompted the warning has moved out of
the warned area. Therefore, the warning has been cancelled.
A Severe Thunderstorm Watch remains in effect until 400 PM EDT for
northern Michigan.
&&
LAT...LON 4391 8404 4400 8405 4400 8417 4413 8417
4416 8416 4416 8398 4411 8361 4400 8372
4400 8374 4398 8377 4400 8383 4391 8391
TIME...MOT...LOC 1821Z 283DEG 26KT 4407 8408
$$
MIC011-011845-
/O.CON.KAPX.SV.W.0065.000000T0000Z-260701T1845Z/
Arenac MI-
221 PM EDT Wed Jul 1 2026
...A SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WARNING REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 245 PM EDT
FOR ARENAC COUNTY...
At 221 PM EDT, a severe thunderstorm was located near Alger, moving
east at 30 mph.
HAZARD...60 mph wind gusts and quarter size hail.
SOURCE...Radar indicated.
IMPACT...Hail damage to vehicles is expected. Expect wind damage to
roofs, siding, and trees.
This severe storm will be near...
Standish, Sterling, Maple Ridge, and Omer around 225 PM EDT.
Twining around 235 PM EDT.
Au Gres around 245 PM EDT.
PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...
For your protection move to an interior room on the lowest floor of a
building.
&&
LAT...LON 4391 8404 4400 8405 4400 8417 4413 8417
4416 8416 4416 8398 4411 8361 4400 8372
4400 8374 4398 8377 4400 8383 4391 8391
TIME...MOT...LOC 1821Z 283DEG 26KT 4407 8408
HAIL THREAT...RADAR INDICATED
MAX HAIL SIZE...1.00 IN
WIND THREAT...RADAR INDICATED
MAX WIND GUST...60 MPH
$$
ELD473
WWUS53 KAPX 011831
SVSAPX
Severe Weather Statement
National Weather Service Gaylord MI
231 PM EDT Wed Jul 1 2026
MIC011-011845-
/O.CON.KAPX.SV.W.0065.000000T0000Z-260701T1845Z/
Arenac MI-
231 PM EDT Wed Jul 1 2026
...A SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WARNING REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 245 PM EDT
FOR CENTRAL ARENAC COUNTY...
At 231 PM EDT, a severe thunderstorm was located over Sterling,
moving east at 30 mph.
HAZARD...60 mph wind gusts and quarter size hail.
SOURCE...Radar indicated.
IMPACT...Hail damage to vehicles is expected. Expect wind damage to
roofs, siding, and trees.
This severe storm will be near...
Standish, Omer, and Twining around 235 PM EDT.
Au Gres around 245 PM EDT.
PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...
For your protection move to an interior room on the lowest floor of a
building.
&&
LAT...LON 4391 8404 4400 8405 4406 8402 4409 8394
4412 8381 4411 8361 4400 8372 4400 8374
4398 8377 4400 8383 4391 8391
TIME...MOT...LOC 1831Z 283DEG 26KT 4405 8398
HAIL THREAT...RADAR INDICATED
MAX HAIL SIZE...1.00 IN
WIND THREAT...RADAR INDICATED
MAX WIND GUST...60 MPH
$$
ELD142
WWUS53 KAPX 011836
SVSAPX
Severe Weather Statement
National Weather Service Gaylord MI
236 PM EDT Wed Jul 1 2026
MIC011-011846-
/O.EXP.KAPX.SV.W.0065.000000T0000Z-260701T1845Z/
Arenac MI-
236 PM EDT Wed Jul 1 2026
...THE SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WARNING FOR CENTRAL ARENAC COUNTY WILL
EXPIRE AT 245 PM EDT...
The storm which prompted the warning has weakened below severe
limits, and has exited the warned area. Therefore, the warning will
be allowed to expire.
A Severe Thunderstorm Watch remains in effect until 400 PM EDT for
northern Michigan.
&&
LAT...LON 4391 8404 4400 8405 4406 8402 4409 8394
4412 8381 4411 8361 4400 8372 4400 8374
4398 8377 4400 8383 4391 8391
TIME...MOT...LOC 1836Z 283DEG 26KT 4405 8397
$$
ELDWhat forecasters said that day
The local office's own words before this severe thunderstorm warning went out, as it sent them, from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service text.
NWS Gaylord, MI wrote its last area forecast discussion before this severe thunderstorm warning went out at Jul 1, 1:03 PM EDT, 50 minutes earlier. Its key messages:
- Heat and humidity continue through the end of the week.
- Remaining active today through Friday with multiple rounds of thunderstorms. Large hail, damaging winds, and heavy rainfall possible.
- Still warm, but not nearly as humid this weekend into next week.
Area forecast discussion, Jul 1, 1:03 PM EDT, 50 minutes before
Area Forecast Discussion
National Weather Service Gaylord MI
Issued by National Weather Service Detroit/Pontiac
103 PM EDT Wed Jul 1 2026
.KEY MESSAGES...
- Heat and humidity continue through the end of the week.
- Remaining active today through Friday with multiple rounds of
thunderstorms. Large hail, damaging winds, and heavy rainfall
possible.
- Still warm, but not nearly as humid this weekend into next week.
&&
.DISCUSSION...
Issued at 200 AM EDT Wed Jul 1 2026
Pattern Synopsis and Forecast:
Long story short, heat and humidity continues through the end of the
week with low predictability in thunderstorm chances.
Hot and humid conditions persist today through the end of the week,
peaking today through Thursday. Temperatures rise into the upper 80s
to mid 90s with dewpoints in the low to mid 70s, fostering heat
indices in the mid 90s to low 100s at least, locally higher. As
such, heat advisory will stay put. If we remain clear, high
temperatures may eclipse yesterday and heat indices will likely be
well above 100F, dangerous for those without adequate heating and
vulnerable populations/pets. Temperatures and heat indices will not
be quite as high on Thursday, but high heat stress will remain given
little relief over the last several days.
Thunderstorm forecasting the past several days has been exhausting
and incredibly difficult. No different today with a hot and humid
airmass in place, fostering moderate to strong sfc based
instability. Previous runs of the convective allowing models did
show the potential for a very strong line of thunderstorms during
the morning to midday hours, but given the lack of development
across WI at this time, seems hard to see that coming to fruition,
at least in the way/time that was previously thought. Based on the
RAP progged fields, it does appear a convectively charged feature
out of MN moves northeast within the southwest flow aloft,
potentially aiding in some thunderstorm development mid afternoon
into the evening. Not entirely confident on this potential overall,
but there is a signal at least for the 4-6PM start time for strong
to severe thunderstorm development, damaging winds and hail the main
threats. Additional energy and thunderstorm complex inertia will
make a run at northern MI tonight, and much like this past night,
there is a chance for the activity to lose steam to some degree.
That being said, tonight will feature the best chance for
thunderstorm coverage. Any storm has the potential for heavy rain
(strong instability and anomalous moisture), strong winds, and hail.
More or less a rinse and repeat on Thursday, with the evening and
overnight the best potential for thunderstorms, a few strong. SPC's
outlook has much of the region in a Marginal Risk (level 1 of 5) for
severe thunderstorms, with a small sliver of a Slight Risk (level 2
of 5) near Manistee and vicinity, which is fair given the focus of
convection being a little farther south. Rich moisture remains in
place, so locally heavy rain on the table once again, along with the
typical wind threat.
Better, more defined forcing arrives late week (although the exact
positioning of the short wave/upper low is in question), and thus a
more confident forecast in regards to thunderstorm coverage. There
is at least a signal for areas of heavy rain showing up within the
deterministic suite, but that will depend on the timing and
longevity of the thunderstorms that will likely develop to our west.
One would imagine strong winds would be the hazard, especially if an
MCS moves in from the west. Moderate shear would also suggest hail
is not impossible.
By this weekend, energy within the somewhat more zonal flow will
keep the unsettled conditions around. That being said, temperatures
will decrease with 80s most locations, with less humidity. High
pressure develops over the Desert Southwest next week, looks like
the monsoon convection is in full swing. Over northern Michigan, it
remains warm as heights will be above normal.
&&
.AVIATION /18Z TAFS THROUGH 18Z THURSDAY/...
Issued at 103 PM EDT Wed Jul 1 2026
Except for APN, the late morning/early afternoon thunderstorm
complex has moved east of the terminals as of the 18Z forecast
issuance. The strongest part of round 2 is on a farther south track
from WI into northern Lower Mi where greater instability is
available. Assuming it holds together, it tracks near MBL while
spreading a borderline MVFR/VFR stratiform rain or rumble of thunder
toward TVC but mainly south of PLN through mid afternoon.
A break of VFR is expected from late afternoon through the evening
while monitoring potential for additional storms later tonight. A
new round of development is expected along the nearly stalled cold
front in the upper Midwest. Some of these are projected to survive
eastward into the eastern U.P. and northern Lower Mi late tonight
into Thursday morning. Timing and intensity details are better added
in later updates as trends solidify.
&&
.APX WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES...
MI...Heat Advisory until 8 PM EDT Thursday for MIZ016>018-020>036-
041-042-097>099.
MARINE...Small Craft Advisory from 4 PM this afternoon to 8 AM EDT
Thursday for LMZ323-344-345.
Small Craft Advisory from 2 AM to 8 AM EDT Thursday for LMZ341-
342.
Small Craft Advisory from 4 PM this afternoon to 2 AM EDT
Thursday for LMZ346.
&&
DISCUSSION...JLD
AVIATION... BTIn the hours before
Local storm report, Jul 1, 1:16 PM EDT, 37 minutes before
Preliminary Local Storm Report
National Weather Service Gaylord MI
116 PM EDT Wed Jul 1 2026
..TIME... ...EVENT... ...CITY LOCATION... ...LAT.LON...
..DATE... ....MAG.... ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
..REMARKS..
0107 PM Tstm Wnd Dmg Hubbard Lake 44.80N 83.59W
07/01/2026 Alcona MI Law Enforcement
Trees and power lines down.
&&Local storm report, Jul 1, 1:30 PM EDT, 23 minutes before
Preliminary Local Storm Report
National Weather Service Gaylord MI
130 PM EDT Wed Jul 1 2026
..TIME... ...EVENT... ...CITY LOCATION... ...LAT.LON...
..DATE... ....MAG.... ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
..REMARKS..
0115 PM Tstm Wnd Dmg 2 ENE South Branch 44.48N 83.85W
07/01/2026 Iosco MI Law Enforcement
Power lines down.
&&Local storm report, Jul 1, 1:32 PM EDT, 21 minutes before
Preliminary Local Storm Report
National Weather Service Gaylord MI
132 PM EDT Wed Jul 1 2026
..TIME... ...EVENT... ...CITY LOCATION... ...LAT.LON...
..DATE... ....MAG.... ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
..REMARKS..
1124 AM Tstm Wnd Dmg Cedar 44.85N 85.79W
07/01/2026 Leelanau MI NWS Employee
Tree snapped and fell onto a car parked on
the street. Time estimated by radar.
&&
HADLocal storm report, Jul 1, 1:41 PM EDT, 12 minutes before
Preliminary Local Storm Report
National Weather Service Gaylord MI
141 PM EDT Wed Jul 1 2026
..TIME... ...EVENT... ...CITY LOCATION... ...LAT.LON...
..DATE... ....MAG.... ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
..REMARKS..
1200 PM Tstm Wnd Gst 1 NE Bingham 44.88N 85.68W
07/01/2026 M49 MPH Leelanau MI Mesonet
Mesonet station MINWM 0.8 NE Bingham (MAWN).
1130 AM Marine Tstm Wind 4 SW Leland 44.98N 85.83W
07/01/2026 M43 MPH LMZ344 MI Mesonet
Mesonet station 45183 3 WSW Leland.
&&Local storm report, Jul 1, 1:45 PM EDT, 8 minutes before
Preliminary Local Storm Report
National Weather Service Gaylord MI
145 PM EDT Wed Jul 1 2026
..TIME... ...EVENT... ...CITY LOCATION... ...LAT.LON...
..DATE... ....MAG.... ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
..REMARKS..
1207 PM Tstm Wnd Dmg 2 NE Darragh 44.79N 85.01W
07/01/2026 Kalkaska MI Public
Reports of several trees and tree limbs
downed in the Manistee Lake (Kalkaska
County) area. Power outages reported. Time
estimated by radar.
&&
HADLocal storm report, Jul 1, 1:48 PM EDT, 5 minutes before
Preliminary Local Storm Report
National Weather Service Gaylord MI
148 PM EDT Wed Jul 1 2026
..TIME... ...EVENT... ...CITY LOCATION... ...LAT.LON...
..DATE... ....MAG.... ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
..REMARKS..
1154 AM Tstm Wnd Dmg Alden 44.88N 85.27W
07/01/2026 Antrim MI NWS Employee
Report of a 12 inch diameter tree limb
downed near Alden. Time estimated by radar.
&&
HADThe office that day
Everything else NWS Gaylord, MI issued on the same UTC day.
| Issued | Product | Office | Counties | Lasted |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jun 30, 8:03 PM EDT | Special Marine Warning | APX | 27 min | |
| Jun 30, 8:28 PM EDT | Special Marine Warning | APX | 92 min | |
| Jun 30, 8:30 PM EDT | Special Marine Warning | APX | 90 min | |
| Jun 30, 8:52 PM EDT | Special Weather Statement | APX | Manistee | 38 min |
| Jun 30, 9:13 PM EDT | Special Weather Statement | APX | Presque Isle | 47 min |
| Jun 30, 9:26 PM EDT | Special Weather Statement | APX | Manistee | 34 min |
| Jun 30, 10:12 PM EDT | Special Marine Warning | APX | 54 min | |
| Jul 1, 3:24 AM EDT | Small Craft Advisory | APX | 29 hr | |
| Jul 1, 10:20 AM EDT | Special Marine Warning | APX | 85 min | |
| Jul 1, 10:59 AM EDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | APX | Benzie, Grand Traverse, Leelanau | 46 min |
| Jul 1, 11:01 AM EDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | APX | Leelanau | 29 min |
| Jul 1, 11:13 AM EDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | APX | Benzie, Manistee | 47 min |
| Jul 1, 11:22 AM EDT | Special Marine Warning | APX | 38 min | |
| Jul 1, 11:42 AM EDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | APX | Antrim, Charlevoix, Cheboygan, Crawford, Emmet, Grand Traverse and 3 more | 48 min |
| Jul 1, 11:54 AM EDT | Special Marine Warning | APX | 29 min | |
| Jul 1, 11:56 AM EDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | APX | Crawford, Oscoda | 49 min |
| Jul 1, 11:59 AM EDT | Special Marine Warning | APX | 61 min | |
| Jul 1, 11:59 AM EDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | APX | Manistee, Wexford | 24 min |
| Jul 1, 12:13 PM EDT | Areal Flood Advisory | APX | Leelanau | 3 hr |
| Jul 1, 12:15 PM EDT | Areal Flood Advisory | APX | Antrim | 3 hr |
| Jul 1, 12:19 PM EDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | APX | Antrim, Charlevoix, Cheboygan, Crawford, Kalkaska, Montmorency and 2 more | 56 min |
| Jul 1, 12:56 PM EDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | APX | Alcona, Alpena, Montmorency, Oscoda, Presque Isle | 34 min |
| Jul 1, 1:06 PM EDT | Special Marine Warning | APX | 54 min | |
| Jul 1, 1:14 PM EDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | APX | Alcona, Alpena | 31 min |
| Jul 1, 1:21 PM EDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | APX | Arenac, Gladwin, Ogemaw, Roscommon | 39 min |
| Jul 1, 1:21 PM EDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | APX | Alpena, Presque Isle | 39 min |
| Jul 1, 1:30 PM EDT | Special Marine Warning | APX | 78 min | |
| Jul 1, 1:40 PM EDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | APX | Alcona, Arenac, Iosco, Ogemaw | 50 min |
| Jul 1, 1:46 PM EDT | Special Marine Warning | APX | 14 min | |
| Jul 1, 1:57 PM EDT | Special Marine Warning | APX | 63 min |
Nearby
Severe Thunderstorm Warnings in Michigan, 2026Every severe thunderstorm warning in 2026
Sources
The product and its follow-ups from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service and Storm Prediction Center text; the sounding from the Mesonet's radiosonde archive; radar from the NEXRAD Level II archive.