Alert archive / Pennsylvania / Severe Thunderstorm Watches in 2021

Severe Thunderstorm Watch 501

September 15, 202124 counties in New York; 40 counties in Pennsylvania; 12 counties in Vermont

The Storm Prediction Center issued this severe thunderstorm watch at Sep 15, 2021, 11:55 AM EDT for 24 counties in New York; 40 counties in Pennsylvania; 12 counties in Vermont. It was in force for 8 hr.

The area

The outline as issued.

The facts

Issued
Sep 15, 2021, 11:55 AM EDT (15:55 UTC)
Expired
Sep 15, 2021, 8:00 PM EDT
In force
8 hr
Issued by
the Storm Prediction Center
Largest hail expected
1.5 in
Strongest gust expected
60 kt
All 76 counties

Albany County, NY, Broome County, NY, Chemung County, NY, Chenango County, NY, Columbia County, NY, Delaware County, NY, Essex County, NY, Fulton County, NY, Greene County, NY, Hamilton County, NY, Herkimer County, NY, Madison County, NY, Montgomery County, NY, Oneida County, NY, Otsego County, NY, Rensselaer County, NY, Saratoga County, NY, Schenectady County, NY, Schoharie County, NY, Sullivan County, NY, Tioga County, NY, Ulster County, NY, Warren County, NY, Washington County, NY, Adams County, PA, Bedford County, PA, Berks County, PA, Blair County, PA, Bradford County, PA, Cambria County, PA, Carbon County, PA, Centre County, PA, Clearfield County, PA, Clinton County, PA, Columbia County, PA, Cumberland County, PA, Dauphin County, PA, Franklin County, PA, Fulton County, PA, Huntingdon County, PA, Juniata County, PA, Lackawanna County, PA, Lancaster County, PA, Lebanon County, PA, Lehigh County, PA, Luzerne County, PA, Lycoming County, PA, Mifflin County, PA, Monroe County, PA, Montour County, PA, Northampton County, PA, Northumberland County, PA, Perry County, PA, Pike County, PA, Schuylkill County, PA, Snyder County, PA, Somerset County, PA, Sullivan County, PA, Susquehanna County, PA, Tioga County, PA, Union County, PA, Wayne County, PA, Wyoming County, PA, York County, PA, Addison County, VT, Bennington County, VT, Caledonia County, VT, Chittenden County, VT, Essex County, VT, Lamoille County, VT, Orange County, VT, Orleans County, VT, Rutland County, VT, Washington County, VT, Windham County, VT, Windsor County, VT

The radar

The Albany radar (KENX), 76 km from the middle of the area, began a volume at 15:54 UTC, the scan nearest the moment this went out.

Open the radar archive at this moment

The archived warnings, watches and discussions in force at that minute are drawn over the scan, this one among them.

What SPC expected

The probabilities SPC published with the watch, for the watch area over its life.

Two or more tornadoes
10%
One or more EF2 to EF5 tornadoes
2%
Ten or more severe wind reports
60%
One or more gusts of 65 knots or more
20%
Ten or more severe hail reports
40%
One or more hailstones of 2 inches or more
20%
Six or more combined severe hail and wind reports
90%

Warnings issued inside it

41 tornado, severe thunderstorm and flash flood warnings for its counties while it was in force.

IssuedProductOfficeCountiesLasted
Sep 15, 12:15 PM EDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningBGMOtsego45 min
Sep 15, 12:31 PM EDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningALYMontgomery, Schenectady, Schoharie59 min
Sep 15, 12:43 PM EDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningBGMBroome, Chenango, Delaware47 min
Sep 15, 12:46 PM EDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningBGMTioga44 min
Sep 15, 12:54 PM EDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningALYFulton, Montgomery, Saratoga, Schenectady51 min
Sep 15, 1:09 PM EDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningBGMChenango, Delaware, Otsego51 min
Sep 15, 1:15 PM EDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningBTVRutland, Windsor60 min
Sep 15, 1:18 PM EDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningALYSaratoga, Washington57 min
Sep 15, 1:21 PM EDTFlash Flood WarningALYFulton, Montgomery3 hr
Sep 15, 1:22 PM EDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningBGMBroome23 min
Sep 15, 1:37 PM EDTFlash Flood WarningALYFulton, Montgomery, Saratoga, Schenectady3 hr
Sep 15, 1:44 PM EDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningCTPCentre31 min
Sep 15, 1:46 PM EDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningALYSaratoga, Washington44 min
Sep 15, 1:48 PM EDTFlash Flood WarningALYSaratoga, Washington3 hr
Sep 15, 1:48 PM EDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningCTPSullivan42 min
Sep 15, 2:07 PM EDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningBTVRutland, Windsor53 min
Sep 15, 2:14 PM EDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningCTPCentre, Clinton31 min
Sep 15, 2:15 PM EDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningALYWashington60 min
Sep 15, 2:28 PM EDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningALYRensselaer, Saratoga, Washington62 min
Sep 15, 2:32 PM EDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningBTVOrange34 min
Sep 15, 2:36 PM EDTFlash Flood WarningCTPLycoming, Sullivan66 min
Sep 15, 2:48 PM EDTFlash Flood WarningALYRensselaer, Saratoga, Schenectady, Washington3 hr
Sep 15, 2:54 PM EDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningCTPClinton, Lycoming, Northumberland, Union36 min
Sep 15, 3:00 PM EDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningALYRensselaer60 min
Sep 15, 3:02 PM EDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningBTVWindsor28 min
Sep 15, 3:20 PM EDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningCTPJuniata, Mifflin40 min
Sep 15, 3:24 PM EDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningCTPMontour, Northumberland, Union36 min
Sep 15, 3:39 PM EDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningALYAlbany, Columbia, Greene, Rensselaer66 min
Sep 15, 3:44 PM EDTFlash Flood WarningBGMOtsego2 hr
Sep 15, 4:12 PM EDTFlash Flood WarningCTPColumbia, Lycoming, Sullivan3 hr
Sep 15, 4:18 PM EDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningCTPColumbia27 min
Sep 15, 4:25 PM EDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningBGMLuzerne35 min
Sep 15, 4:31 PM EDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningALYColumbia, Greene, Rensselaer59 min
Sep 15, 4:43 PM EDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningCTPCumberland, Franklin, Perry32 min
Sep 15, 4:49 PM EDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningBGMLackawanna, Luzerne41 min
Sep 15, 5:26 PM EDTFlash Flood WarningALYUlster2 hr
Sep 15, 5:37 PM EDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningBGMLackawanna, Pike, Wayne38 min
Sep 15, 5:48 PM EDTFlash Flood WarningALYColumbia, Greene97 min
Sep 15, 6:17 PM EDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningCTPLebanon, Schuylkill43 min
Sep 15, 6:24 PM EDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningCTPAdams, Franklin27 min
Sep 15, 7:08 PM EDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningPHIBerks37 min

Discussions around it

SPC mesoscale discussions over the same counties from four hours before the watch to its end.

The nearest sounding before it

Albany, NY (KALY), launched 12:00Z, 3.9 hours before the alert went out and 99 km from the middle of its area. This is the routine balloon launch nearest before it, the air the forecaster had in hand, not a measurement taken for the alert.

Skew-T log-pSkew-T log-p diagram, Albany, NY at 12:00Z on 2021-09-15Temperature and dew point through the depth of the atmosphere, with the mixed-layer parcel. CAPE 856 joules per kilogram.LCLLFCEL10008507005003002001001 km2 km3 km6 km9 km12 km15 km-30°-20°-10°0°10°20°30°40°
Temperature in red, dew point in green, the mixed-layer parcel dashed.
HodographHodograph, Albany, NY at 12:00Z on 2021-09-15The wind through the lowest 10 kilometers. Zero to 1 km storm-relative helicity 214 square meters per square second.19395878Sfc1 km3 km6 km9 kmRMLM
The wind turning with height, colored by layer: ground to 1 km, 1 to 3 km, 3 to 6 km, 6 to 10 km.
Mixed-layer CAPE
856 J/kg
Mixed-layer CIN
-92 J/kg
Mixed-layer LCL
766 m above ground
0-6 km bulk shear
51 kt
0-1 km storm-relative helicity
214 m²/s²
0-3 km storm-relative helicity
248 m²/s²
Significant tornado parameter
0.7
Supercell composite
6.3

Open this sounding in Storm Lab

The text

As transmitted.

495 
WWUS20 KWNS 151552
SEL1  
SPC WW 151552
MAZ000-NYZ000-PAZ000-VTZ000-160000-

URGENT - IMMEDIATE BROADCAST REQUESTED
Severe Thunderstorm Watch Number 501
NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
1150 AM EDT Wed Sep 15 2021

The NWS Storm Prediction Center has issued a

* Severe Thunderstorm Watch for portions of 
  Extreme western Massachusetts
  Central and eastern New York
  Central and northeastern Pennsylvania
  Vermont

* Effective this Wednesday morning and evening from 1150 AM until
  800 PM EDT.

* Primary threats include...
  Scattered damaging wind gusts to 70 mph likely
  Scattered large hail events to 1.5 inches in diameter possible

SUMMARY...Scattered severe storms are expected to form by early
afternoon along and just ahead of a surface cold front from
Pennsylvania into New York/Vermont.  The initial storms will be
semi-discrete and a few could have supercell structures, but the
longer-term trend will be for storms to grow into bands/line
segments through the afternoon.  Damaging winds of 60 to 70 mph will
be the main threat, along with isolated large of 1 to 1.5 inch
diameter.

The severe thunderstorm watch area is approximately along and 65
statute miles north and south of a line from 25 miles south of
Montpelier VT to Altoona PA. For a complete depiction of the watch
see the associated watch outline update (WOUS64 KWNS WOU1).

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

REMEMBER...A Severe Thunderstorm Watch means conditions are
favorable for severe thunderstorms in and close to the watch area.
Persons in these areas should be on the lookout for threatening
weather conditions and listen for later statements and possible
warnings. Severe thunderstorms can and occasionally do produce
tornadoes.

&&

AVIATION...A few severe thunderstorms with hail surface and aloft to
1.5 inches. Extreme turbulence and surface wind gusts to 60 knots. A
few cumulonimbi with maximum tops to 500. Mean storm motion vector
25035.

...Thompson

SPC that day

Everything else SPC issued on the same UTC day.

IssuedProductOfficeCountiesLasted
Sep 15, 10:33 AM EDTMesoscale DiscussionSPCAlbany, Broome, Chemung, Chenango, Columbia, Cortland and 20 more2 hr
Sep 15, 3:04 PM EDTMesoscale DiscussionSPCDutchess, Orange, Putnam, Rockland, Westchester116 min
Sep 15, 3:43 PM EDTSevere Thunderstorm WatchSPCDutchess, Orange, Putnam6 hr
Sep 15, 4:38 PM EDTMesoscale DiscussionSPCAlbany, Columbia, Delaware, Greene, Rensselaer, Schenectady and 3 more67 min
Sep 15, 11:59 AM EDTMesoscale DiscussionSPCEssex2 hr

Nearby

Severe Thunderstorm Watches in Pennsylvania, 2021Severe Thunderstorm Watches in New York, 2021Severe Thunderstorm Watches in Vermont, 2021Every severe thunderstorm watch in 2021

Sources

The product and its follow-ups from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service and Storm Prediction Center text; the sounding from the Mesonet's radiosonde archive; radar from the NEXRAD Level II archive.