Alert archive / Ohio / Flash Flood Warnings in 2017
Flash Flood Warning 86, NWS Wilmington, OH
NWS Wilmington, OH issued this flash flood warning at Nov 5, 2017, 7:34 PM EST for Clark County, Ohio. It was in force for 3 hr. 6 reports came from inside the area while it was in force.
The area
The outline as issued, with what was reported inside it.
The facts
- Issued
- Nov 5, 2017, 7:34 PM EST (00:34 UTC)
- Expired
- Nov 5, 2017, 10:30 PM EST
- In force
- 3 hr
- Issued by
- NWS Wilmington, OH
- Area
- Storm-based polygon
- Flood severity
- None
County Clark County, OH
The radar
The Cincinnati radar (KILN), 55 km from the middle of the area, began a volume at 00:35 UTC, the scan nearest the moment this went out.
Open the radar archive at this moment
The archived warnings, watches and discussions in force at that minute are drawn over the scan, this one among them.
What was reported inside it
| Time | Report | Where | Remark |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nov 5, 7:45 PM EST | FLASH FLOOD | 3 Wnw Springfield, OH | HIGH WATER HAS CAUSED A BASEMENT WALL TO BUCKLE ON HOLLY DRIVE. |
| Nov 5, 7:45 PM EST | FLASH FLOOD | Nw Lawrenceville, OH | SPRINGFIELD MEADOWS A MOBILE HOME PARK IN GERMAN TOWNSHIP HAS REPORTED FLOODING. |
| Nov 5, 8:54 PM EST | FLASH FLOOD | 4 Nne Fairborn, OH | I-70 WESTBOUND CLOSED AT I-675 BETWEEN SR235 AND SR201 -- FROM MILE MARKERS 39 TO 41 |
| Nov 5, 9:04 PM EST | FLASH FLOOD | 4 Wnw Springfield, OH | MULTIPLE HOMES FLOODED IN GERMAN TOWNSHIP -- BASEMENT WALLS HAVE CAVED IN |
| Nov 5, 9:04 PM EST | FLASH FLOOD | 5 W Springfield, OH | MULTIPLE WATER RESCUSE IN GERMAN AND BETHEL TOWNSHIPS |
| Nov 5, 10:00 PM EST | FLOOD | 1 N Donnelsville, OH | 1 TO 2 FEET OF WATER ON NORTH HAMPTON RD. |
Local storm reports filed while the alert was in force, from inside its polygon or its counties.
Did it verify
Verified. The Iowa Environmental Mesonet's Cow matched 5 storm reports to this flash flood warning; the first came 11 minutes after it went out.
Cow counts a report within 15 km of the polygon while the warning was in force: a tornado for a tornado warning; hail of 1 inch or more, a gust of 58 mph or more or wind damage for a severe thunderstorm warning; a flash flood report for a flash flood warning.
The nearest sounding before it
Cncnati-Daytn, OH (KILN), launched 00:00Z, 0.6 hours before the alert went out and 54 km from the middle of its area. This is the routine balloon launch nearest before it, the air the forecaster had in hand, not a measurement taken for the alert.
- Mixed-layer CAPE
- 175 J/kg
- Mixed-layer CIN
- -41 J/kg
- Mixed-layer LCL
- 966 m above ground
- 0-6 km bulk shear
- 54 kt
- 0-1 km storm-relative helicity
- 441 m²/s²
- 0-3 km storm-relative helicity
- 595 m²/s²
- Significant tornado parameter
- 0.4
- Supercell composite
- 1.5
The text
As transmitted.
551
WGUS51 KILN 060034
FFWILN
OHC023-060330-
/O.NEW.KILN.FF.W.0086.171106T0034Z-171106T0330Z/
/00000.0.ER.000000T0000Z.000000T0000Z.000000T0000Z.OO/
BULLETIN - EAS ACTIVATION REQUESTED
Flash Flood Warning
National Weather Service Wilmington OH
734 PM EST SUN NOV 5 2017
The National Weather Service in Wilmington has issued a
* Flash Flood Warning for...
Northwestern Clark County in west central Ohio...
* Until 1030 PM EST.
* At 732 PM EST, radar indicated that thunderstorms had produced
heavy rain across the warned area. Two to three inches of rain
have already fallen. Heavy rain continues to fall with another one
to two inches possible. Runoff from this excessive rainfall
may cause flash flooding to occur.
* Some locations that will experience flooding include...
Springfield, New Carlisle, Northridge, Enon, North Hampton,
Tremont City, Donnelsville, Green Meadows, Medway, State Route 41
at State Route 235, Lawrenceville, Dialton and Park Layne.
PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...
Move to higher ground now. Act quickly to protect your life.
To report flash flooding, go to our website at weather.gov/iln and
submit your report via social media, when you can do so safely.
&&
LAT...LON 4002 8370 3985 8373 3984 8393 3984 8394
3985 8401 3985 8405 3989 8405 4004 8404
$$
SitesWhat forecasters said that day
The local office's own words before this flash flood warning went out, as it sent them, from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service text.
NWS Wilmington, OH wrote its last area forecast discussion before this flash flood warning went out at Nov 5, 7:13 PM EST, 21 minutes earlier.
Area forecast discussion, Nov 5, 7:13 PM EST, 21 minutes before
Area Forecast Discussion
National Weather Service Wilmington OH
713 PM EST Sun Nov 5 2017
.SYNOPSIS...
Low pressure will ripple along a cold front as they push
southeast across the region tonight. Widespread showers and
thunderstorms are expected with severe weather and flash
flooding possible. Clouds and a few lingering showers are
expected on Monday along with cooler temperatures. A disturbance
will move across the Ohio Valley Monday night into Tuesday
which will bring a threat for some showers, mainly along and
south of the Ohio River.
&&
.NEAR TERM /UNTIL 6 AM MONDAY MORNING/...
Low pressure will ripple along a cold front as they push
southeast across the region tonight. All the parameters are
there dynamically and thermodynamically for possible damaging
winds, large hail, and isolated tornadoes. The atmosphere is
very moist with pwats ranging between 1.50 and 1.60 along the
front. These values will result in thunderstorms with very heavy
rainfall in a short period, along with the potential for
training storms. The Flash Flood Watch will continue for much of
the area until 4 am EST. Overnight lows will be dependent on how
fast the front moves through. Have lows ranging from the mid 40s
northwest to the lower 60s southeast.
&&
.SHORT TERM /6 AM MONDAY MORNING THROUGH MONDAY NIGHT/...
The front will move southeast of the region on Monday,
with precipitation gradually exiting the southeast during the
morning hours. Clouds will remain in the CAA behind the front.
Temperatures will either slowly fall or recover only slightly
from morning highs.
For Monday night, models continue to show an upper level
disturbance move across the Ohio Valley, perturbing a wave of
low pressure along the old frontal boundary to our south. This
will bring a chance of showers, mainly along and south of the
Ohio River. Likely PoPs may end up skimming our far south. Lows
will range from the upper 30s north to the mid 40s south.
&&
.LONG TERM /TUESDAY THROUGH SUNDAY/...
A strong vorticity maxima in the mean westerly h5 flow will combine
with a surface inverted trough nosing northeast from the Tennessee
Valley to permit continued shower activity over northern Kentucky
and portions of south central Ohio early Tuesday. This will then
lead to high pressure keeping any precip chances out of the picture
until the end of the weekend. This will occur as the axis of the
high that will then be moving into Quebec reaches the Appalachians
and return flow sets up in the western Ohio Valley. Models diverge
on the broad pattern, but a H5 trough and surface low moving in from
the Midwest will increase the threat for showers and thunderstorms
Saturday night and Sunday.
High temperatures will be slightly below normal through the end of
the work week and then warm for the weekend. Lows will be similar -
at or slightly below normal until the weekend.
&&
.AVIATION /00Z MONDAY THROUGH FRIDAY/...
Showers and thunderstorms will push southeast across the region
through this evening and early morning as low pressure and a
cold front move through. MVFR/IFR ceilings and MVFR/IFR/LIFR
visbilities can be expected with the most intense storms.
For later tonight into Monday, the front and low will push to
the southeast. Showers and storms will taper off to a chance of
showers with MVFR perhaps locally IFR ceilings expected.
On Monday, region should see a reprieve in the precipitation
behind the front, however, clouds and MVFR ceilings will linger.
Models are now indicating that ceilings may go VFR by Monday
evening.
Another embedded disturbance will approach the Ohio and
Tennessee Valleys Monday night. This will perturb a wave of low
pressure along the boundary to our south and may bring a few
showers to our southern terminals.
OUTLOOK...MVFR ceilings possible Monday night into Tuesday.
&&
.ILN WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES...
OH...Flash Flood Watch until 4 AM EST Monday for OHZ026-034-035-
042>046-051>056-060>065-070>074-077>080.
KY...Flash Flood Watch until 4 AM EST Monday for KYZ091>093.
IN...Flash Flood Watch until 4 AM EST Monday for INZ050-058-059-066-
073>075-080.
&&
SYNOPSIS...Hickman
NEAR TERM...Hickman
SHORT TERM...Hickman
LONG TERM...Franks
AVIATION...HickmanHazardous weather outlook, Nov 5, 7:04 PM EST, 30 minutes before
Hazardous Weather Outlook National Weather Service Wilmington OH 704 PM EST Sun Nov 5 2017 INZ050-OHZ026-034-035-042>045-051-052-061200- Wayne-Hardin-Mercer-Auglaize-Darke-Shelby-Logan-Union OH-Miami- Champaign- 704 PM EST Sun Nov 5 2017 ...FLASH FLOOD WATCH IN EFFECT UNTIL 4 AM EST MONDAY... This Hazardous Weather Outlook is for East Central Indiana, Central Ohio and West Central Ohio. .DAY ONE...Tonight. Please listen to NOAA Weather Radio or go to weather.gov on the Internet for more information about the following hazards. Flash Flood Watch. .DAYS TWO THROUGH SEVEN...Monday through Saturday. The probability for widespread hazardous weather is low. .SPOTTER INFORMATION STATEMENT... Spotters are encouraged to report their rainfall amounts to the National Weather Service in Wilmington, Ohio. INZ058-059-066-073>075-080-KYZ091>093-OHZ046-053>056-060>065-070>074- 077>080-061200- Fayette IN-Union IN-Franklin IN-Ripley-Dearborn-Ohio-Switzerland- Boone-Kenton-Campbell-Delaware-Clark-Madison-Franklin OH-Licking- Preble-Montgomery-Greene-Fayette OH-Pickaway-Fairfield-Butler-Warren- Clinton-Ross-Hocking-Hamilton-Clermont-Brown-Highland- 704 PM EST Sun Nov 5 2017 ...FLASH FLOOD WATCH IN EFFECT UNTIL 4 AM EST MONDAY... This Hazardous Weather Outlook is for East Central Indiana, Southeast Indiana, Northern Kentucky, Central Ohio, Southwest Ohio and West Central Ohio. .DAY ONE...Tonight. Please listen to NOAA Weather Radio or go to weather.gov on the Internet for more information about the following hazards. Flash Flood Watch. In addition to the flash flood threat, damaging winds, large hail, and isolated tornadoes will be possible through early morning. .DAYS TWO THROUGH SEVEN...Monday through Saturday. The probability for widespread hazardous weather is low. .SPOTTER INFORMATION STATEMENT... Spotters should activate and report significant weather conditions. KYZ089-090-094>100-OHZ081-082-088-061200- Carroll-Gallatin-Owen-Grant-Pendleton-Bracken-Robertson-Mason-Lewis- Adams-Pike-Scioto- 704 PM EST Sun Nov 5 2017 This Hazardous Weather Outlook is for Northeast Kentucky, Northern Kentucky and Southwest Ohio. .DAY ONE...Tonight. With multiple rounds of thunderstorms expected, there is the potential for isolated flash flooding. In addition, a few strong to severe thunderstorms may be possible, with damaging winds being the main severe weather threat. .DAYS TWO THROUGH SEVEN...Monday through Saturday. The probability for widespread hazardous weather is low. .SPOTTER INFORMATION STATEMENT... Spotter activation may be needed tonight.
In the hours before
Special weather statement, Nov 5, 6:37 PM EST, 57 minutes before
Special Weather Statement
National Weather Service Wilmington OH
637 PM EST SUN NOV 5 2017
INZ050-058-059-060015-
Fayette IN-Union IN-Wayne IN-
637 PM EST SUN NOV 5 2017
...A STRONG THUNDERSTORM WILL AFFECT SOUTHERN WAYNE...UNION AND
FAYETTE COUNTIES IN EAST CENTRAL INDIANA UNTIL 715 PM EST...
At 637 PM EST, radar indicated a strong thunderstorm near Rushville,
moving east at 50 mph.
STORM HAZARDS INCLUDE...
Winds to 50 mph...
Pea size hail...
Locations impacted include...
Richmond, Connersville, Centerville, Cambridge City, Liberty, Dublin,
West College Corner, Glenwood, Salem, Waterloo, Columbia, Bunker
Hill, Abington, Brownsville, East Germantown, Spring Grove, Boston,
Mount Auburn, Richmond Municipal Airport and Dunlapsville.
This includes the following Interstates...
I-70 in Indiana between mile markers 140 and 156.
I-70 in Ohio near mile marker 0.
To report hazardous weather conditions, go to our website at
weather.gov/iln and submit your report via social media, when you can
do so safely.
LAT...LON 3979 8530 3979 8522 3982 8522 3990 8495
3987 8481 3955 8482 3957 8530
TIME...MOT...LOC 2337Z 260DEG 43KT 3967 8539
HatzosLocal storm report, Nov 5, 6:56 PM EST, 38 minutes before
PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE WILMINGTON OH
656 PM EST SUN NOV 05 2017
..TIME... ...EVENT... ...CITY LOCATION... ...LAT.LON...
..DATE... ....MAG.... ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
..REMARKS..
0651 PM TSTM WND GST KOSU OSU AIRPORT 40.08N 83.07W
11/05/2017 M47.00 MPH FRANKLIN OH ASOS
&&
HATZOSSpecial weather statement, Nov 5, 6:58 PM EST, 36 minutes before
Special Weather Statement
National Weather Service Wilmington OH
658 PM EST SUN NOV 5 2017
OHZ051-053-061-062-060045-
Montgomery OH-Clark OH-Greene OH-Miami OH-
658 PM EST SUN NOV 5 2017
...A STRONG THUNDERSTORM WILL AFFECT NORTHWESTERN CLARK...
NORTHWESTERN GREENE...NORTHERN MONTGOMERY AND SOUTHERN MIAMI COUNTIES
UNTIL 745 PM EST...
At 658 PM EST, radar indicated a strong thunderstorm near Trotwood,
moving east at 45 mph.
STORM HAZARDS INCLUDE...
Winds to 40 mph...
One half inch diameter hail...
Locations impacted include...
Dayton, Beavercreek, Huber Heights, Fairborn, Trotwood, Vandalia,
Englewood, Tipp City, Moraine, New Carlisle, West Milton, Oakwood,
Wright-Patterson Afb, Enon, Brown, Riverside, Clayton, Union,
Brookville and New Lebanon.
This includes the following Interstates...
I-70 in Ohio between mile markers 19 and 50.
I-75 in Ohio between mile markers 52 and 68.
To report hazardous weather conditions, go to our website at
weather.gov/iln and submit your report via social media, when you can
do so safely.
LAT...LON 3992 8443 3993 8442 4002 8394 3989 8389
3974 8401 3971 8447 3992 8448
TIME...MOT...LOC 2358Z 261DEG 38KT 3981 8440
HatzosLocal storm report, Nov 5, 7:07 PM EST, 27 minutes before
PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE WILMINGTON OH
707 PM EST SUN NOV 05 2017
..TIME... ...EVENT... ...CITY LOCATION... ...LAT.LON...
..DATE... ....MAG.... ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
..REMARKS..
0706 PM TSTM WND GST KCMH JOHN GLENN APT 40.00N 82.89W
11/05/2017 M56.00 MPH FRANKLIN OH ASOS
&&
HATZOSSpecial weather statement, Nov 5, 7:26 PM EST, 8 minutes before
Special Weather Statement
National Weather Service Wilmington OH
726 PM EST SUN NOV 5 2017
OHZ053-062-060100-
Clark OH-Greene OH-
726 PM EST SUN NOV 5 2017
...A STRONG THUNDERSTORM WILL AFFECT CLARK AND NORTHERN GREENE
COUNTIES UNTIL 800 PM EST...
At 726 PM EST, radar indicated a strong thunderstorm over Fairborn,
moving east at 40 mph.
STORM HAZARDS INCLUDE...
Winds to 40 mph...
Pea size hail...
Locations impacted include...
Springfield, Beavercreek, Fairborn, Xenia, New Carlisle, Yellow
Springs, Wright-Patterson Afb, Cedarville, Enon, Jamestown, South
Charleston, Wilberforce, Harmony, Lisbon, South Vienna, Donnelsville,
Clifton, Green Meadows, Hustead and Selma.
This includes I-70 in Ohio between mile markers 42 and 68.
To report hazardous weather conditions, go to our website at
weather.gov/iln and submit your report via social media, when you can
do so safely.
LAT...LON 3996 8357 3981 8361 3977 8364 3977 8365
3976 8365 3964 8374 3972 8409 3998 8402
TIME...MOT...LOC 0026Z 270DEG 35KT 3984 8400
HatzosLocal storm report, Nov 5, 7:33 PM EST, 1 minute before
PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE WILMINGTON OH
733 PM EST SUN NOV 05 2017
..TIME... ...EVENT... ...CITY LOCATION... ...LAT.LON...
..DATE... ....MAG.... ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
..REMARKS..
0728 PM TSTM WND GST KLHQ LANCASTER APT 39.76N 82.66W
11/05/2017 M46.00 MPH FAIRFIELD OH ASOS
&&
HATZOSThe office that day
Everything else NWS Wilmington, OH issued on the same UTC day.
| Issued | Product | Office | Counties | Lasted |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nov 5, 7:08 PM EST | Flash Flood Warning | ILN | Miami, Montgomery, Preble | 3 hr |
| Nov 5, 7:16 PM EST | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | ILN | Fairfield, Licking | 44 min |
| Nov 5, 7:24 PM EST | Flash Flood Warning | ILN | Miami, Montgomery | 3 hr |
| Nov 5, 7:26 PM EST | Special Weather Statement | ILN | Clark, Greene | 34 min |
| Nov 5, 7:40 PM EST | Areal Flood Advisory | ILN | Montgomery, Preble | 3 hr |
| Nov 5, 7:54 PM EST | Special Weather Statement | ILN | Greene | 36 min |
| Nov 5, 7:58 PM EST | Areal Flood Advisory | ILN | Greene | 3 hr |
| Nov 5, 8:04 PM EST | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | ILN | Clinton, Greene, Warren | 26 min |
| Nov 5, 8:05 PM EST | Special Weather Statement | ILN | Butler | 25 min |
| Nov 5, 8:15 PM EST | Areal Flood Advisory | ILN | Butler, Clinton, Fayette, Greene, Warren | 3 hr |
| Nov 5, 8:30 PM EST | Special Weather Statement | ILN | Warren | 30 min |
| Nov 5, 8:41 PM EST | Areal Flood Advisory | ILN | Brown, Butler, Clermont, Clinton, Hamilton, Highland and 1 more | 3 hr |
| Nov 5, 8:44 PM EST | Areal Flood Advisory | ILN | Clark, Fairfield, Fayette, Hocking, Madison, Pickaway and 1 more | 3 hr |
| Nov 5, 9:22 PM EST | Areal Flood Warning | ILN | Darke | 6 hr |
| Nov 5, 9:33 PM EST | Areal Flood Warning | ILN | Clark, Madison | 6 hr |
| Nov 5, 9:49 PM EST | Areal Flood Warning | ILN | Miami, Montgomery, Preble | 6 hr |
| Nov 5, 10:08 PM EST | Areal Flood Advisory | ILN | Brown, Highland, Hocking, Pike, Ross | 3 hr |
| Nov 5, 10:17 PM EST | Areal Flood Warning | ILN | Clark | 6 hr |
| Nov 5, 10:19 PM EST | Areal Flood Warning | ILN | Butler, Hamilton | 18 hr |
| Nov 5, 10:49 PM EST | Flash Flood Warning | ILN | Butler | 2 hr |
| Nov 5, 11:22 PM EST | Areal Flood Advisory | ILN | Delaware, Fairfield, Franklin, Licking | 113 min |
| Nov 5, 11:39 PM EST | Flash Flood Warning | ILN | Hamilton | 4 hr |
| Nov 5, 11:44 PM EST | Areal Flood Advisory | ILN | Brown, Clinton, Warren | 3 hr |
| Nov 5, 11:48 PM EST | Areal Flood Advisory | ILN | Fairfield, Hocking, Pickaway, Ross | 3 hr |
| Nov 6, 12:01 AM EST | Special Weather Statement | ILN | Clermont, Hamilton | 29 min |
| Nov 6, 12:24 AM EST | Areal Flood Advisory | ILN | Clermont, Warren | 3 hr |
| Nov 6, 12:34 AM EST | Flash Flood Warning | ILN | Clermont, Warren | 2 hr |
| Nov 6, 12:38 AM EST | Special Weather Statement | ILN | Clermont | 37 min |
| Nov 6, 12:43 AM EST | Flash Flood Warning | ILN | Brown, Clinton, Highland | 3 hr |
| Nov 6, 12:55 AM EST | Special Weather Statement | ILN | Brown | 35 min |
| Nov 6, 1:03 AM EST | Tornado Warning | ILN | Brown, Clinton, Highland | 7 min |
| Nov 6, 1:12 AM EST | Flash Flood Warning | ILN | Fayette, Madison, Pickaway, Ross | 3 hr |
| Nov 6, 1:14 AM EST | Areal Flood Advisory | ILN | Butler | 91 min |
| Nov 6, 1:15 AM EST | Special Weather Statement | ILN | Highland, Ross | 30 min |
| Nov 6, 1:47 AM EST | Special Weather Statement | ILN | Pike | 28 min |
| Nov 6, 1:48 AM EST | Special Weather Statement | ILN | Ross | 27 min |
| Nov 6, 2:20 AM EST | River Flood Advisory | ILN | Hamilton | 17 hr |
| Nov 6, 2:28 AM EST | Areal Flood Advisory | ILN | Adams, Pike, Scioto | 3 hr |
| Nov 6, 2:49 AM EST | River Flood Warning | ILN | Clermont, Hamilton | 25 hr |
| Nov 6, 2:53 AM EST | Areal Flood Advisory | ILN | Fairfield, Hocking | 2 hr |
| Nov 6, 2:53 AM EST | River Flood Warning | ILN | Butler | 22 hr |
| Nov 6, 3:44 AM EST | Areal Flood Advisory | ILN | Ross | 2 hr |
| Nov 6, 5:02 AM EST | River Flood Warning | ILN | Hamilton | 45 hr |
| Nov 6, 5:17 AM EST | River Flood Warning | ILN | Licking | 7 hr |
| Nov 6, 5:20 AM EST | Areal Flood Warning | ILN | Greene, Warren | 48 hr |
| Nov 6, 5:29 AM EST | Areal Flood Advisory | ILN | Hocking | 3 hr |
| Nov 6, 6:17 AM EST | River Flood Warning | ILN | Pickaway | 52 hr |
| Nov 6, 6:21 AM EST | River Flood Warning | ILN | Franklin, Madison, Pickaway | 41 hr |
| Nov 6, 6:26 AM EST | River Flood Warning | ILN | Hocking | 21 hr |
| Nov 6, 8:03 AM EST | River Flood Warning | ILN | Hamilton | 10 hr |
| Nov 6, 8:03 AM EST | River Flood Warning | ILN | Licking | 14 hr |
| Nov 6, 8:27 AM EST | River Flood Warning | ILN | Clermont, Hamilton, Warren | 16 hr |
| Nov 6, 10:31 AM EST | River Flood Warning | ILN | Adams | 9 hr |
Nearby
Flash Flood Warnings in Ohio, 2017Every flash flood warning in 2017
Sources
The product and its follow-ups from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service and Storm Prediction Center text; local storm reports from the same archive; the sounding from the Mesonet's radiosonde archive; radar from the NEXRAD Level II archive.