Alert archive / Texas / Tornado Watches in 2016

Tornado Watch 94

April 16, 201631 counties in Texas

The Storm Prediction Center issued this tornado watch at Apr 16, 2016, 4:49 PM CDT for 31 counties in Texas. It was in force for 7 hr.

The area

The outline as issued.

The facts

Issued
Apr 16, 2016, 4:49 PM CDT (21:49 UTC)
Expired
Apr 17, 2016, 12:00 AM CDT
In force
7 hr
Issued by
the Storm Prediction Center
Largest hail expected
2 in
Strongest gust expected
60 kt
All 31 counties

Borden County, TX, Callahan County, TX, Coke County, TX, Coleman County, TX, Concho County, TX, Crane County, TX, Crockett County, TX, Ector County, TX, Fisher County, TX, Glasscock County, TX, Haskell County, TX, Howard County, TX, Irion County, TX, Jones County, TX, Martin County, TX, Midland County, TX, Mitchell County, TX, Nolan County, TX, Pecos County, TX, Reagan County, TX, Runnels County, TX, Schleicher County, TX, Scurry County, TX, Shackelford County, TX, Sterling County, TX, Sutton County, TX, Taylor County, TX, Terrell County, TX, Throckmorton County, TX, Tom Green County, TX, Upton County, TX

The radar

The San Angelo radar (KSJT), 78 km from the middle of the area, began a volume at 21:52 UTC, the scan nearest the moment this went out.

Open the radar archive at this moment

The archived warnings, watches and discussions in force at that minute are drawn over the scan, this one among them.

What SPC expected

The probabilities SPC published with the watch, for the watch area over its life.

Two or more tornadoes
30%
One or more EF2 to EF5 tornadoes
20%
Ten or more severe wind reports
30%
One or more gusts of 65 knots or more
10%
Ten or more severe hail reports
40%
One or more hailstones of 2 inches or more
30%
Six or more combined severe hail and wind reports
70%

Warnings issued inside it

36 tornado, severe thunderstorm and flash flood warnings for its counties while it was in force.

IssuedProductOfficeCountiesLasted
Apr 16, 4:59 PM CDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningSJTFisher, Nolan46 min
Apr 16, 5:00 PM CDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningMAFMitchell, Scurry30 min
Apr 16, 5:43 PM CDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningSJTFisher, Nolan47 min
Apr 16, 5:55 PM CDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningMAFBorden, Glasscock, Howard, Mitchell50 min
Apr 16, 6:03 PM CDTTornado WarningSJTFisher27 min
Apr 16, 6:21 PM CDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningMAFBorden, Howard, Mitchell, Scurry54 min
Apr 16, 6:28 PM CDTTornado WarningSJTFisher32 min
Apr 16, 6:43 PM CDTTornado WarningMAFBorden, Howard, Mitchell, Scurry47 min
Apr 16, 6:58 PM CDTTornado WarningSJTFisher, Jones13 min
Apr 16, 7:02 PM CDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningMAFCrane, Pecos, Reagan, Upton43 min
Apr 16, 7:13 PM CDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningSJTCrockett32 min
Apr 16, 7:33 PM CDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningMAFMitchell, Scurry57 min
Apr 16, 7:37 PM CDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningMAFGlasscock, Reagan, Upton38 min
Apr 16, 7:39 PM CDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningMAFCrane, Pecos, Reagan, Upton51 min
Apr 16, 7:50 PM CDTTornado Warning Tornado observedMAFScurry25 min
Apr 16, 7:57 PM CDTTornado WarningMAFReagan33 min
Apr 16, 7:58 PM CDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningMAFGlasscock, Howard, Mitchell47 min
Apr 16, 8:09 PM CDTFlash Flood WarningMAFCrane, Reagan, Upton3 hr
Apr 16, 8:12 PM CDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningMAFGlasscock, Reagan, Upton48 min
Apr 16, 8:18 PM CDTTornado WarningSJTFisher, Nolan42 min
Apr 16, 8:27 PM CDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningMAFCrane, Reagan, Upton48 min
Apr 16, 8:35 PM CDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningSJTIrion27 min
Apr 16, 8:41 PM CDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningMAFMitchell, Scurry43 min
Apr 16, 8:55 PM CDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningMAFPecos50 min
Apr 16, 8:57 PM CDTFlash Flood WarningMAFMitchell, Scurry4 hr
Apr 16, 8:57 PM CDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningSJTIrion, Sterling, Tom Green33 min
Apr 16, 8:59 PM CDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningSJTFisher, Nolan46 min
Apr 16, 9:11 PM CDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningMAFReagan49 min
Apr 16, 9:33 PM CDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningSJTCoke, Irion, Sterling, Tom Green27 min
Apr 16, 9:38 PM CDTFlash Flood WarningSJTFisher, Nolan3 hr
Apr 16, 9:49 PM CDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningSJTCoke, Irion, Sterling, Tom Green26 min
Apr 16, 10:11 PM CDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningMAFPecos49 min
Apr 16, 10:26 PM CDTFlash Flood WarningSJTCrockett, Irion, Sterling, Tom Green3 hr
Apr 16, 11:21 PM CDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningSJTIrion, Tom Green39 min
Apr 16, 11:41 PM CDTFlash Flood WarningSJTIrion, Tom Green3 hr
Apr 17, 12:00 AM CDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningSJTCallahan, Jones, Shackelford, Taylor45 min

Discussions around it

SPC mesoscale discussions over the same counties from four hours before the watch to its end.

The nearest sounding before it

Midland Regional, TX (KMAF), launched 12:00Z, 9.8 hours before the alert went out and 99 km from the middle of its area. This is the routine balloon launch nearest before it, the air the forecaster had in hand, not a measurement taken for the alert.

Skew-T log-pSkew-T log-p diagram, Midland Regional, TX at 12:00Z on 2016-04-16Temperature and dew point through the depth of the atmosphere, with the mixed-layer parcel. CAPE 673 joules per kilogram.LCLLFCEL10008507005003002001001 km2 km3 km6 km9 km12 km15 km-30°-20°-10°0°10°20°30°40°
Temperature in red, dew point in green, the mixed-layer parcel dashed.
HodographHodograph, Midland Regional, TX at 12:00Z on 2016-04-16The wind through the lowest 10 kilometers. Zero to 1 km storm-relative helicity 136 square meters per square second.19395878Sfc1 km3 km6 km9 kmRMLM
The wind turning with height, colored by layer: ground to 1 km, 1 to 3 km, 3 to 6 km, 6 to 10 km.
Mixed-layer CAPE
673 J/kg
Mixed-layer CIN
-141 J/kg
Mixed-layer LCL
841 m above ground
0-6 km bulk shear
34 kt
0-1 km storm-relative helicity
136 m²/s²
0-3 km storm-relative helicity
140 m²/s²
Significant tornado parameter
0.0
Supercell composite
1.6

Open this sounding in Storm Lab

The text

As transmitted.

267 
WWUS20 KWNS 162146
SEL4  
SPC WW 162146
TXZ000-170500-

URGENT - IMMEDIATE BROADCAST REQUESTED
TORNADO WATCH NUMBER 94
NWS STORM PREDICTION CENTER NORMAN OK
445 PM CDT SAT APR 16 2016

THE NWS STORM PREDICTION CENTER HAS ISSUED A

* TORNADO WATCH FOR PORTIONS OF 
  WEST TEXAS

* EFFECTIVE THIS SATURDAY AFTERNOON FROM 445 PM UNTIL MIDNIGHT
  CDT.

* PRIMARY THREATS INCLUDE...
  A COUPLE TORNADOES POSSIBLE
  SCATTERED LARGE HAIL AND ISOLATED VERY LARGE HAIL EVENTS TO 2
    INCHES IN DIAMETER POSSIBLE
  ISOLATED DAMAGING WIND GUSTS TO 70 MPH POSSIBLE

SUMMARY...WE EXPECT ISOLATED SUPERCELLS FOR A FEW HOURS...OFFERING
LARGE HAIL...SEVERE GUSTS AND THE RISK OF A COUPLE TORNADOES.  THAT
SHOULD BE FOLLOWED LATER THIS EVENING BY GROWTH OF SCATTERED
THUNDERSTORMS ON THE DRYLINE...ULTIMATELY EVOLVING INTO A
SUBSTANTIAL SQUALL LINE WITH DAMAGING GUSTS AND OCCASIONAL SEVERE
HAIL LIKELY.

THE TORNADO WATCH AREA IS APPROXIMATELY ALONG AND 75 STATUTE
MILES EAST AND WEST OF A LINE FROM 85 MILES SOUTHWEST OF SAN
ANGELO TEXAS TO 55 MILES NORTHWEST OF ABILENE TEXAS.  FOR A
COMPLETE DEPICTION OF THE WATCH SEE THE ASSOCIATED WATCH OUTLINE
UPDATE (WOUS64 KWNS WOU4).

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

REMEMBER...A TORNADO WATCH MEANS CONDITIONS ARE FAVORABLE FOR
TORNADOES AND SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS IN AND CLOSE TO THE WATCH
AREA. PERSONS IN THESE AREAS SHOULD BE ON THE LOOKOUT FOR
THREATENING WEATHER CONDITIONS AND LISTEN FOR LATER STATEMENTS
AND POSSIBLE WARNINGS.

&&

OTHER WATCH INFORMATION...CONTINUE...WW 93...

AVIATION...TORNADOES AND A FEW SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS WITH HAIL
SURFACE AND ALOFT TO 2 INCHES. EXTREME TURBULENCE AND SURFACE
WIND GUSTS TO 60 KNOTS. A FEW CUMULONIMBI WITH MAXIMUM TOPS TO
500. MEAN STORM MOTION VECTOR 23025.


...EDWARDS

SPC that day

Everything else SPC issued on the same UTC day.

IssuedProductOfficeCountiesLasted
Apr 15, 9:07 PM CDTMesoscale DiscussionSPCArmstrong, Carson, Castro, Dallam, Deaf Smith, Hansford and 9 more83 min
Apr 15, 9:53 PM CDTSevere Thunderstorm WatchSPCArmstrong, Bailey, Briscoe, Carson, Castro, Dallam and 18 more7 hr
Apr 15, 11:52 PM CDTMesoscale DiscussionSPCArmstrong, Carson, Castro, Dallam, Deaf Smith, Hansford and 11 more113 min
Apr 16, 2:22 AM CDTMesoscale DiscussionSPCDallam, Hansford, Hartley, Moore, Ochiltree, Sherman53 min
Apr 16, 1:50 PM CDTMesoscale DiscussionSPCArmstrong, Briscoe, Carson, Childress, Collingsworth, Cottle and 15 more85 min
Apr 16, 2:19 PM CDTTornado WatchSPCArmstrong, Briscoe, Carson, Childress, Collingsworth, Cottle and 20 more9 hr
Apr 16, 3:53 PM CDTMesoscale DiscussionSPCCoke, Crockett, Fisher, Glasscock, Howard, Irion and 6 more67 min
Apr 16, 6:14 PM CDTMesoscale DiscussionSPCArmstrong, Briscoe, Carson, Childress, Collingsworth, Cottle and 18 more2 hr
Apr 16, 6:52 PM CDTMesoscale DiscussionSPCArcher, Baylor, Clay, Foard, Hardeman, Knox and 2 more113 min

Nearby

Tornado Watches in Texas, 2016Every tornado watch in 2016

Sources

The product and its follow-ups from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service and Storm Prediction Center text; the sounding from the Mesonet's radiosonde archive; radar from the NEXRAD Level II archive.