Alert archive / Alabama / Tornado Watches in 2016

Tornado Watch 72

March 31, 201639 counties in Alabama; 14 counties in Tennessee

The Storm Prediction Center issued this tornado watch at Mar 31, 2016, 5:58 PM CDT for 39 counties in Alabama; 14 counties in Tennessee. It was in force for 7 hr.

The area

The outline as issued.

The facts

Issued
Mar 31, 2016, 5:58 PM CDT (22:58 UTC)
Expired
Apr 1, 2016, 1:00 AM CDT
In force
7 hr
Issued by
the Storm Prediction Center
Largest hail expected
1.5 in
Strongest gust expected
60 kt
All 53 counties

Autauga County, AL, Bibb County, AL, Blount County, AL, Chilton County, AL, Choctaw County, AL, Clarke County, AL, Colbert County, AL, Coosa County, AL, Cullman County, AL, Dallas County, AL, DeKalb County, AL, Elmore County, AL, Fayette County, AL, Franklin County, AL, Greene County, AL, Hale County, AL, Jackson County, AL, Jefferson County, AL, Lamar County, AL, Lauderdale County, AL, Lawrence County, AL, Limestone County, AL, Lowndes County, AL, Madison County, AL, Marengo County, AL, Marion County, AL, Marshall County, AL, Montgomery County, AL, Morgan County, AL, Perry County, AL, Pickens County, AL, Shelby County, AL, St. Clair County, AL, Sumter County, AL, Talladega County, AL, Tuscaloosa County, AL, Walker County, AL, Wilcox County, AL, Winston County, AL, Bedford County, TN, Cannon County, TN, Coffee County, TN, Franklin County, TN, Giles County, TN, Grundy County, TN, Lawrence County, TN, Lincoln County, TN, Marshall County, TN, Maury County, TN, Moore County, TN, Rutherford County, TN, Warren County, TN, Wayne County, TN

The radar

The Columbus AFB radar (KGWX), 97 km from the middle of the area, began a volume at 22:58 UTC, the scan nearest the moment this went out.

Open the radar archive at this moment

The archived warnings, watches and discussions in force at that minute are drawn over the scan, this one among them.

What SPC expected

The probabilities SPC published with the watch, for the watch area over its life.

Two or more tornadoes
50%
One or more EF2 to EF5 tornadoes
20%
Ten or more severe wind reports
70%
One or more gusts of 65 knots or more
10%
Ten or more severe hail reports
30%
One or more hailstones of 2 inches or more
5%
Six or more combined severe hail and wind reports
90%

Warnings issued inside it

48 tornado, severe thunderstorm and flash flood warnings for its counties while it was in force.

IssuedProductOfficeCountiesLasted
Mar 31, 6:06 PM CDTTornado WarningMOBChoctaw24 min
Mar 31, 6:06 PM CDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningOHXBedford, Marshall, Rutherford39 min
Mar 31, 6:12 PM CDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningBMXLamar, Pickens63 min
Mar 31, 6:14 PM CDTTornado WarningOHXGiles, Lawrence31 min
Mar 31, 6:15 PM CDTTornado Warning Considerable damage threatMOBChoctaw, Clarke45 min
Mar 31, 6:21 PM CDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningHUNLauderdale, Limestone24 min
Mar 31, 6:22 PM CDTTornado WarningBMXLamar, Pickens50 min
Mar 31, 6:33 PM CDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningBMXMarengo57 min
Mar 31, 6:34 PM CDTTornado WarningHUNLauderdale, Limestone26 min
Mar 31, 6:44 PM CDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningOHXCannon, DeKalb, Warren, Wilson31 min
Mar 31, 6:47 PM CDTTornado WarningOHXGiles, Marshall28 min
Mar 31, 6:53 PM CDTTornado WarningHUNLauderdale, Limestone, Madison37 min
Mar 31, 6:58 PM CDTTornado WarningBMXFayette46 min
Mar 31, 7:02 PM CDTTornado WarningBMXFayette43 min
Mar 31, 7:08 PM CDTTornado WarningOHXGiles22 min
Mar 31, 7:17 PM CDTTornado Warning Tornado observedHUNMadison28 min
Mar 31, 7:22 PM CDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningBMXWinston9 min
Mar 31, 7:22 PM CDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningOHXLawrence23 min
Mar 31, 7:25 PM CDTTornado WarningOHXGiles35 min
Mar 31, 7:29 PM CDTTornado WarningBMXMarion, Walker46 min
Mar 31, 7:30 PM CDTTornado WarningHUNLimestone30 min
Mar 31, 7:31 PM CDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningHUNLawrence29 min
Mar 31, 7:34 PM CDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningBMXSumter41 min
Mar 31, 7:43 PM CDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningHUNFranklin, Lincoln, Moore32 min
Mar 31, 7:44 PM CDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningOHXGiles, Lawrence31 min
Mar 31, 7:46 PM CDTTornado WarningOHXGiles, Lawrence29 min
Mar 31, 7:55 PM CDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningHUNLawrence, Limestone, Morgan23 min
Mar 31, 7:56 PM CDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningBMXGreene, Pickens49 min
Mar 31, 7:58 PM CDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningHUNColbert, Lauderdale13 min
Mar 31, 7:59 PM CDTTornado WarningBMXFayette, Walker46 min
Mar 31, 8:05 PM CDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningBMXTuscaloosa55 min
Mar 31, 8:06 PM CDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningHUNFranklin24 min
Mar 31, 8:12 PM CDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningOHXGiles, Lawrence33 min
Mar 31, 8:24 PM CDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningBMXHale51 min
Mar 31, 8:28 PM CDTFlash Flood WarningOHXGiles, Lawrence, Wayne3 hr
Mar 31, 8:35 PM CDTTornado WarningHUNLawrence, Morgan25 min
Mar 31, 8:55 PM CDTTornado WarningHUNLimestone, Madison, Morgan35 min
Mar 31, 8:55 PM CDTFlash Flood WarningHUNFranklin, Lincoln, Moore3 hr
Mar 31, 9:05 PM CDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningOHXGrundy25 min
Mar 31, 9:17 PM CDTTornado WarningBMXBlount, Jefferson32 min
Mar 31, 9:18 PM CDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningHUNLincoln, Moore27 min
Mar 31, 9:20 PM CDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningMOBChoctaw25 min
Mar 31, 9:24 PM CDTTornado WarningHUNMadison23 min
Mar 31, 9:35 PM CDTTornado WarningHUNMadison12 min
Mar 31, 9:39 PM CDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningHUNFranklin, Lincoln36 min
Mar 31, 10:00 PM CDTTornado WarningHUNFranklin30 min
Mar 31, 10:42 PM CDTFlash Flood WarningBMXAutauga, Dallas, Elmore, Lowndes, Montgomery3 hr
Mar 31, 11:17 PM CDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningBMXElmore, Macon, Montgomery, Tallapoosa43 min

Discussions around it

SPC mesoscale discussions over the same counties from four hours before the watch to its end.

The nearest sounding before it

Birmingham, AL (KBMX), launched 12:00Z, 11.0 hours before the alert went out and 101 km from the middle of its area. This is the routine balloon launch nearest before it, the air the forecaster had in hand, not a measurement taken for the alert.

Skew-T log-pSkew-T log-p diagram, Birmingham, AL at 12:00Z on 2016-03-31Temperature and dew point through the depth of the atmosphere, with the mixed-layer parcel. CAPE 0 joules per kilogram.LCL10008507005003002001001 km2 km3 km6 km9 km12 km15 km-30°-20°-10°10°20°30°40°
Temperature in red, dew point in green, the mixed-layer parcel dashed.
HodographHodograph, Birmingham, AL at 12:00Z on 2016-03-31The wind through the lowest 10 kilometers. Zero to 1 km storm-relative helicity 441 square meters per square second.19395878Sfc1 km3 km6 km9 kmRMLM
The wind turning with height, colored by layer: ground to 1 km, 1 to 3 km, 3 to 6 km, 6 to 10 km.
Mixed-layer CAPE
0 J/kg
Mixed-layer CIN
No buoyant parcel
Mixed-layer LCL
1040 m above ground
0-6 km bulk shear
48 kt
0-1 km storm-relative helicity
441 m²/s²
0-3 km storm-relative helicity
538 m²/s²
Significant tornado parameter
0.0
Supercell composite
0.0

Open this sounding in Storm Lab

The text

As transmitted.

182 
WWUS20 KWNS 312257
SEL2  
SPC WW 312257
ALZ000-TNZ000-010600-

URGENT - IMMEDIATE BROADCAST REQUESTED
TORNADO WATCH NUMBER 72
NWS STORM PREDICTION CENTER NORMAN OK
600 PM CDT THU MAR 31 2016

THE NWS STORM PREDICTION CENTER HAS ISSUED A

* TORNADO WATCH FOR PORTIONS OF 
  WEST CENTRAL THROUGH NORTHERN ALABAMA
  SOUTHERN MIDDLE TENNESSEE

* EFFECTIVE THIS THURSDAY NIGHT AND FRIDAY MORNING FROM 600 PM
  UNTIL 100 AM CDT.

* PRIMARY THREATS INCLUDE...
  A FEW TORNADOES POSSIBLE
  SCATTERED DAMAGING WIND GUSTS TO 70 MPH LIKELY
  ISOLATED LARGE HAIL EVENTS TO 1.5 INCHES IN DIAMETER POSSIBLE

SUMMARY...THUNDERSTORMS...INCLUDING A FEW SUPERCELLS CAPABLE OF
LARGE HAIL...LOCALLY DAMAGING WIND...AND TORNADOES...EXPECTED TO
MOVE / DEVELOP GENERALLY EAST-NORTHEAST ACROSS WATCH AREA THROUGH
LATE TONIGHT / EARLY FRIDAY.

THE TORNADO WATCH AREA IS APPROXIMATELY ALONG AND 70 STATUTE
MILES EAST AND WEST OF A LINE FROM 70 MILES NORTH OF HUNTSVILLE
ALABAMA TO 65 MILES SOUTH SOUTHWEST OF SELMA ALABAMA.  FOR A
COMPLETE DEPICTION OF THE WATCH SEE THE ASSOCIATED WATCH OUTLINE
UPDATE (WOUS64 KWNS WOU2).

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

REMEMBER...A TORNADO WATCH MEANS CONDITIONS ARE FAVORABLE FOR
TORNADOES AND SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS IN AND CLOSE TO THE WATCH
AREA. PERSONS IN THESE AREAS SHOULD BE ON THE LOOKOUT FOR
THREATENING WEATHER CONDITIONS AND LISTEN FOR LATER STATEMENTS
AND POSSIBLE WARNINGS.

&&

OTHER WATCH INFORMATION...CONTINUE...WW 69...WW 70...WW 71...

AVIATION...TORNADOES AND A FEW SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS WITH HAIL
SURFACE AND ALOFT TO 1.5 INCHES. EXTREME TURBULENCE AND SURFACE
WIND GUSTS TO 60 KNOTS. A FEW CUMULONIMBI WITH MAXIMUM TOPS TO
550. MEAN STORM MOTION VECTOR 25035.


...CORFIDI

SPC that day

Everything else SPC issued on the same UTC day.

IssuedProductOfficeCountiesLasted
Mar 31, 7:47 AM CDTMesoscale DiscussionSPCWashington58 min
Mar 31, 8:37 AM CDTMesoscale DiscussionSPCBaldwin, Butler, Choctaw, Clarke, Conecuh, Covington and 6 more53 min
Mar 31, 8:43 AM CDTTornado WatchSPCBaldwin, Clarke, Conecuh, Covington, Escambia, Mobile and 2 more5 hr
Mar 31, 11:29 AM CDTMesoscale DiscussionSPCBaldwin, Butler, Coffee, Conecuh, Covington, Crenshaw and 5 more2 hr
Mar 31, 1:32 PM CDTMesoscale DiscussionSPCBaldwin, Covington, Escambia, Geneva58 min
Mar 31, 4:47 PM CDTMesoscale DiscussionSPCBibb, Blount, Chilton, Choctaw, Clarke, Colbert and 19 more58 min
Mar 31, 6:52 PM CDTMesoscale DiscussionSPCBibb, Blount, Choctaw, Colbert, Cullman, Dallas and 22 more53 min
Mar 31, 10:26 AM CDTMesoscale DiscussionSPCBenton, Carroll, Chester, Crockett, Dyer, Fayette and 12 more3 hr
Mar 31, 10:58 AM CDTSevere Thunderstorm WatchSPCBenton, Carroll, Chester, Crockett, Dyer, Fayette and 12 more5 hr
Mar 31, 2:14 PM CDTMesoscale DiscussionSPCBenton, Carroll, Cheatham, Chester, Crockett, Decatur and 23 more91 min
Mar 31, 2:35 PM CDTTornado WatchSPCChester, Decatur, Fayette, Hardeman, Hardin, Henderson and 2 more7 hr
Mar 31, 3:48 PM CDTMesoscale DiscussionSPCCheatham, Davidson, Dickson, Giles, Hickman, Lawrence and 8 more87 min
Mar 31, 3:59 PM CDTSevere Thunderstorm WatchSPCBedford, Cannon, Cheatham, Clay, Davidson, DeKalb and 20 more5 hr
Mar 31, 5:49 PM CDTMesoscale DiscussionSPCClay, DeKalb, Fentress, Jackson, Macon, Overton and 7 more56 min

Nearby

Tornado Watches in Alabama, 2016Tornado Watches in Tennessee, 2016Every tornado watch in 2016

Sources

The product and its follow-ups from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service and Storm Prediction Center text; the sounding from the Mesonet's radiosonde archive; radar from the NEXRAD Level II archive.