Alert archive / Kentucky / Tornado Warnings in 2014

Tornado Warning 70, NWS Paducah, KY

October 13, 2014Todd County, Kentucky

NWS Paducah, KY issued this tornado warning at Oct 13, 2014, 5:53 PM CDT for Todd County, Kentucky. It was in force for 52 min. No storm report in the archive falls inside the area while it was in force.

The area

The outline as issued.

The facts

Issued: Oct 13, 2014, 5:53 PM CDT (22:53 UTC)
Expired: Oct 13, 2014, 6:45 PM CDT
In force: 52 min
Issued by: NWS Paducah, KY
Area: Storm-based polygon
Tornado: Radar indicated
Hail: 1.75 in

County Todd County, KY

The radar

The Ft Campbell radar (KHPX), 14 km from the middle of the area, began a volume at 22:53 UTC, the scan nearest the moment this went out.

Open the radar archive at this moment

The archived warnings, watches and discussions in force at that minute are drawn over the scan, this one among them.

Did it verify

Not verified. The Iowa Environmental Mesonet's Cow found no qualifying storm report inside this tornado warning while it was in force. That is not proof nothing happened: reports are thin where few people live.

Cow counts a report within 15 km of the polygon while the warning was in force: a tornado for a tornado warning; hail of 1 inch or more, a gust of 58 mph or more or wind damage for a severe thunderstorm warning; a flash flood report for a flash flood warning.

The watch it was issued in

The SPC watch in force over the same counties when this warning went out.

Issued	Product	Office	Lasted
Oct 13, 3:54 PM CDT	Tornado Watch	SPC	8 hr

The nearest sounding before it

Nashville Metro, TN (KBNA), launched 12:00Z, 10.9 hours before the alert went out and 84 km from the middle of its area. This is the routine balloon launch nearest before it, the air the forecaster had in hand, not a measurement taken for the alert.

Skew-T log-p

Temperature in red, dew point in green, the mixed-layer parcel dashed.

Hodograph

The wind turning with height, colored by layer: ground to 1 km, 1 to 3 km, 3 to 6 km, 6 to 10 km.

Mixed-layer CAPE: 0 J/kg
Mixed-layer CIN: No buoyant parcel
Mixed-layer LCL: 830 m above ground
0-6 km bulk shear: 35 kt
0-1 km storm-relative helicity: 305 m²/s²
0-3 km storm-relative helicity: 400 m²/s²
Significant tornado parameter: 0.0
Supercell composite: 0.0

Open this sounding in Storm Lab

The text

As transmitted, in the capitals the NWS used until 2016.

029 
WFUS53 KPAH 132253
TORPAH
KYC219-132345-
/O.NEW.KPAH.TO.W.0070.141013T2253Z-141013T2345Z/

BULLETIN - EAS ACTIVATION REQUESTED
TORNADO WARNING
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE PADUCAH KY
553 PM CDT MON OCT 13 2014

THE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE IN PADUCAH HAS ISSUED A

* TORNADO WARNING FOR...
  TODD COUNTY IN SOUTH CENTRAL KENTUCKY...

* UNTIL 645 PM CDT

* AT 552 PM CDT...A SEVERE THUNDERSTORM CAPABLE OF PRODUCING A
  TORNADO WAS LOCATED 12 MILES SOUTHWEST OF CLARKSVILLE...AND MOVING
  NORTHEAST AT 45 MPH.

  HAZARD...TORNADO AND GOLF BALL SIZE HAIL.

  SOURCE...RADAR INDICATED ROTATION.

  IMPACT...FLYING DEBRIS WILL BE DANGEROUS TO THOSE CAUGHT WITHOUT
           SHELTER. MOBILE HOMES WILL BE DAMAGED OR DESTROYED. DAMAGE
           TO ROOFS...WINDOWS AND VEHICLES WILL OCCUR. TREE DAMAGE IS
           LIKELY.

* THIS DANGEROUS STORM WILL BE NEAR...
  GUTHRIE AROUND 625 PM CDT.
  ELKTON AROUND 635 PM CDT.

OTHER LOCATIONS IN THE WARNING INCLUDE TRENTON AND ALLENSVILLE.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

TAKE COVER NOW. MOVE TO AN INTERIOR ROOM ON THE LOWEST FLOOR OF A
STURDY BUILDING. AVOID WINDOWS. IF IN A MOBILE HOME...A VEHICLE OR
OUTDOORS...MOVE TO THE CLOSEST SUBSTANTIAL SHELTER AND PROTECT
YOURSELF FROM FLYING DEBRIS.

&&

LAT...LON 3676 8705 3668 8705 3663 8709 3664 8725
      3663 8733 3672 8732 3698 8715 3693 8704
      3678 8705 3677 8704
TIME...MOT...LOC 2254Z 215DEG 39KT 3642 8743

TORNADO...RADAR INDICATED
HAIL...1.75IN

$$

1 follow-up statement

256 
WWUS53 KPAH 132317
SVSPAH

SEVERE WEATHER STATEMENT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE PADUCAH KY
617 PM CDT MON OCT 13 2014

KYC219-132345-
/O.CON.KPAH.TO.W.0070.000000T0000Z-141013T2345Z/
TODD KY-
617 PM CDT MON OCT 13 2014

...A TORNADO WARNING REMAINS IN EFFECT FOR TODD COUNTY IN SOUTH
CENTRAL KENTUCKY UNTIL 645 PM CDT...

AT 612 PM CDT...A SEVERE THUNDERSTORM CAPABLE OF PRODUCING A TORNADO 
AT ANY TIME WAS LOCATED 5 MILES EAST OF CLARKSVILLE...AND MOVING 
NORTHEAST AT 40 MPH. 

HAZARD...TORNADO AND QUARTER SIZE HAIL.

SOURCE...RADAR INDICATED ROTATION.

IMPACT...FLYING DEBRIS WILL BE DANGEROUS TO THOSE CAUGHT WITHOUT
         SHELTER. MOBILE HOMES WILL BE DAMAGED OR DESTROYED. DAMAGE
         TO ROOFS...WINDOWS AND VEHICLES WILL OCCUR. TREE DAMAGE IS
         LIKELY.

THIS DANGEROUS STORM WILL BE NEAR...
  GUTHRIE AROUND 625 PM CDT.

OTHER LOCATIONS IN THE WARNING INCLUDE ALLENSVILLE AND GUTHRIE.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

TAKE COVER NOW. MOVE TO AN INTERIOR ROOM ON THE LOWEST FLOOR OF A
STURDY BUILDING. AVOID WINDOWS. IF IN A MOBILE HOME...A VEHICLE OR
OUTDOORS...MOVE TO THE CLOSEST SUBSTANTIAL SHELTER AND PROTECT
YOURSELF FROM FLYING DEBRIS.

&&

LAT...LON 3676 8705 3668 8705 3663 8709 3664 8725
      3663 8733 3672 8732 3698 8715 3693 8704
      3678 8705 3677 8704
TIME...MOT...LOC 2315Z 224DEG 33KT 3656 8723

TORNADO...RADAR INDICATED
HAIL...1.00IN

$$

What forecasters said that day

The local office's own words before this tornado warning went out, as it sent them, from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service text.

NWS Paducah, KY wrote its last area forecast discussion before this tornado warning went out at Oct 13, 2:54 PM CDT, 2 hours 59 minutes earlier.

Area forecast discussion, Oct 13, 2:54 PM CDT, 2 hours 59 minutes before

AREA FORECAST DISCUSSION
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE PADUCAH KY
254 PM CDT Mon Oct 13 2014

.SHORT TERM...(Tonight through Wednesday night)
Issued at 255 PM CDT MON OCT 13 2014

Very busy with watches, warnings, etc so will make this rather
brief.

Strong cold front will continue to push eastward across our CWA
through the rest of the afternoon and evening, hopefully exiting the
eastern portions of our CWA after midnight.

With the eastward progress of the front, a QLCS line of strong to
severe thunderstorms will continue ahead of the boundary with some
storms becoming capable of producing damaging winds and a few
tornadoes. Locally heavy rainfall will also accompany the stronger
storms.

In the wake of this system, small chances of showers and patches of
drizzle will continue through the remainder of the overnight hours
tonight.

Chances for showers will continue Tuesday, Tuesday night, and
Wednesday with the slow approach and passage of an upper low over
our CWA. Rain chances will finally begin to taper off from the west
Wednesday night in the wake of the upper low.

.LONG TERM...(Thursday through Monday)
Issued at 255 PM CDT MON OCT 13 2014

On Thursday...the upper level low will finally be departing the Ohio
Valley. Some lingering clouds and even a few showers are
possible...especially in southwest Indiana and the Pennyrile region
of west Kentucky. Temperatures should begin to recover toward more
seasonal levels.

On Friday...mainly sunny skies and seasonably warm temps are
expected as a weak ridge passes overhead.

Over the weekend into early next week...upper level troughing will
gradually settle into the Great Lakes and Ohio Valley region. This
will push a cold front /possibly followed by a secondary cold front/
across our region. The primary cold front appears to be dry...but a
secondary front could bring some showers late in the weekend into
early next week. Temperatures will gradually cool down. The 12z gfs
mos looks too warm. Will trend toward the cooler 00z ecmwf
mos...especially early next week.

&&

.AVIATION...
Issued at 1227 PM CDT MON OCT 13 2014

Numerous showers and thunderstorms will cross the TAF sites from
west to east throughout the first few hours of the period. Some
storms may be severe and will produce locally heavy rainfall. MVFR
cigs/vsbys will prevail will the passage of the storms, however
brief IFR conditions may occur. In the wake of the area of
preciptation, IFR cigs and/or vsbys and patchy drizzle will
prevail through the overnight hours. Conditions should become MVFR
toward the end of the period. Southerly winds at 12-14 knots
gusting to 20-22 knots will drop off to AOB 10 knots overnight,
then pick back up from the south southwest at 10-12 knots with
gusts up to 20 knots after 15-16Z.

&&

.PAH WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES...
IL...NONE.
MO...NONE.
IN...NONE.
KY...NONE.
&&

SHORT TERM/AVIATION...JP
LONG TERM/FIRE WX...MY

Hazardous weather outlook, Oct 13, 1:20 PM CDT, 4 hours 33 minutes before

HAZARDOUS WEATHER OUTLOOK
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE PADUCAH KY
120 PM CDT MON OCT 13 2014

ILZ075>078-080>094-INZ081-082-085>088-KYZ001>022-MOZ076-086-087-
100-107>112-114-141830-
JEFFERSON-WAYNE IL-EDWARDS-WABASH-PERRY IL-FRANKLIN-HAMILTON-
WHITE-JACKSON-WILLIAMSON-SALINE-GALLATIN-UNION IL-JOHNSON-POPE-
HARDIN-ALEXANDER-PULASKI-MASSAC-GIBSON-PIKE-POSEY-VANDERBURGH-
WARRICK-SPENCER-FULTON-HICKMAN-CARLISLE-BALLARD-MCCRACKEN-GRAVES-
LIVINGSTON-MARSHALL-CALLOWAY-CRITTENDEN-LYON-TRIGG-CALDWELL-
UNION KY-WEBSTER-HOPKINS-CHRISTIAN-HENDERSON-DAVIESS-MCLEAN-
MUHLENBERG-TODD-PERRY MO-BOLLINGER-CAPE GIRARDEAU-WAYNE MO-CARTER-
RIPLEY-BUTLER-STODDARD-SCOTT-MISSISSIPPI-NEW MADRID-
120 PM CDT MON OCT 13 2014

THIS HAZARDOUS WEATHER OUTLOOK IS FOR PORTIONS OF SOUTHERN
ILLINOIS...SOUTHWEST INDIANA...WESTERN KENTUCKY AND SOUTHEAST
MISSOURI.

.DAY ONE...THIS AFTERNOON AND TONIGHT

A VIGOROUS LINE OF STORMS WILL MOVE EAST ACROSS THE REGION THIS
AFTERNOON AND EVENING REACHING SOUTHWEST INDIANA SOUTHWARD TO THE
SOUTHERN PENNYRILE BETWEEN 6 AND 9 PM. OTHER STORMS MAY DEVELOP
AHEAD OF THIS LINE AS WELL.

SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ARE A STRONG POSSIBILITY THROUGH THIS EVENING.
THE MAIN CONCERNS WILL BE DAMAGING WINDS AND TORNADOES WITHIN THE
MAIN LINE OF STORMS. LARGE HAIL WILL BE POSSIBLE BUT MAINLY WITH
THUNDERSTORMS THAT DEVELOP AHEAD OF THE LINE.

LOCALLY HEAVY RAINFALL CAN BE EXPECTED WITH ANY THUNDERSTORMS
...HOWEVER WIDESPREAD HEAVY RAIN IS LIKELY WITH THE LINE OF
STORMS THROUGH TONIGHT. TOTAL RAINFALL THROUGH TONIGHT WILL
GENERALLY RANGE FROM ONE AND A HALF TO 3 INCHES. THE GREATEST
AMOUNTS ARE LIKELY ACROSS SOUTHWEST INDIANA AND THE LAKES AND
PENNYRILE REGIONS OF WEST KENTUCKY. SOME LOCALIZED FLOODING ISSUES
WILL BE POSSIBLE...BUT WIDESPREAD SIGNIFICANT PROBLEMS ARE NOT
ANTICIPATED AT THIS TIME.

.DAYS TWO THROUGH SEVEN...TUESDAY THROUGH SUNDAY

THE BAND OF THUNDERSTORMS WITH HEAVY RAINFALL MAY LINGER INTO THE
EARLY MORNING HOURS TUESDAY OVER SOUTHWEST INDIANA AND THE PENNYRILE
REGION OF WEST KENTUCKY. A FEW MINOR FLOOD PROBLEMS CANNOT BE
RULED OUT.

.SPOTTER INFORMATION STATEMENT...

SPOTTER ACTIVATION IS NEEDED THROUGH AT LEAST EARLY EVENING
ACROSS MOST OF THE REGION, AND LIKELY THEREAFTER OVER SOUTHWEST
INDIANA SOUTHWARD TOWARD THE PENNYRILE REGION OF WESTERN KENTUCKY.
SEVERE STORM CHANCES WILL DECREASE FROM WEST TO EAST THROUGH
TONIGHT.

In the hours before

Local storm report, Oct 13, 5:19 PM CDT, 34 minutes before

PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE PADUCAH KY
519 PM CDT MON OCT 13 2014

..TIME...   ...EVENT...      ...CITY LOCATION...     ...LAT.LON...
..DATE...   ....MAG....      ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

0457 PM     TSTM WND GST     SHAWNEETOWN             37.71N 88.17W
10/13/2014  E60 MPH          GALLATIN           IL   STORM CHASER

            ESTIMATED 60+ MPH WIND GUST.

&&

BP2

Local storm report, Oct 13, 5:30 PM CDT, 23 minutes before

PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE PADUCAH KY
530 PM CDT MON OCT 13 2014

..TIME...   ...EVENT...      ...CITY LOCATION...     ...LAT.LON...
..DATE...   ....MAG....      ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

0525 PM     TSTM WND GST     PROVIDENCE              37.40N 87.75W
10/13/2014  E55 MPH          WEBSTER            KY   TRAINED SPOTTER

            ON HIGHWAY 41A BETWEEN MILE MARKERS 3 AND 4

&&

SMITTY

Special weather statement, Oct 13, 5:30 PM CDT, 23 minutes before

SPECIAL WEATHER STATEMENT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE PADUCAH KY
530 PM CDT MON OCT 13 2014

KYZ013>021-132315-
CALDWELL KY-CHRISTIAN KY-DAVIESS KY-HENDERSON KY-HOPKINS KY-MCLEAN
KY-MUHLENBERG KY-UNION KY-WEBSTER KY-
530 PM CDT MON OCT 13 2014

...SIGNIFICANT WEATHER ADVISORY FOR HENDERSON...WESTERN DAVIESS...
HOPKINS...WEBSTER...EASTERN UNION AND WESTERN MCLEAN COUNTIES IN
NORTHWEST KENTUCKY...AND NORTHWESTERN CHRISTIAN AND NORTHWESTERN
MUHLENBERG COUNTIES IN SOUTH CENTRAL KENTUCKY...AND EASTERN CALDWELL
COUNTY IN WESTERN KENTUCKY UNTIL 615 PM CDT...

AT 526 PM CDT...STORM SPOTTERS REPORTED STRONG THUNDERSTORMS ALONG A
LINE EXTENDING FROM 6 MILES SOUTHWEST OF CORYDON TO PROVIDENCE TO
COBB...AND MOVING NORTHEAST AT 40 MPH.

HAIL UP TO THE SIZE OF PENNIES AND WIND GUSTS UP TO 50 MPH ARE
EXPECTED WITH THESE STORMS.

LOCATIONS THAT MAY BE IMPACTED INCLUDE...
  DAWSON SPRINGS...HENDERSON...MADISONVILLE...CALHOUN...CORYDON...
SEBREE...EARLINGTON...MORTONS GAP...BEECH GROVE...ST.
JOSEPH...NEBO...SLAUGHTERS...AND ST. CHARLES...

IF THREATENING WEATHER APPROACHES YOUR AREA...TAKE SHELTER IN A
STURDY BUILDING.

THESE STORMS MAY INTENSIFY....AND A TORNADO WATCH IS IN EFFECT FOR
THIS AREA. BE CERTAIN TO MONITOR LOCAL RADIO AND TV STATIONS...AS
WELL AS LOCAL CABLE TV OUTLETS....FOR ADDITIONAL INFORMATION AND
POSSIBLE WARNINGS FROM THE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE.

LAT...LON 3726 8726 3695 8787 3697 8789 3740 8779
      3771 8785 3794 8740 3794 8738 3791 8735
      3789 8729 3784 8721 3784 8717 3773 8715
TIME...MOT...LOC 2229Z 237DEG 31KT 3768 8772 3746 8768
          3708 8777

Special weather statement, Oct 13, 5:37 PM CDT, 16 minutes before

SPECIAL WEATHER STATEMENT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE PADUCAH KY
537 PM CDT MON OCT 13 2014

INZ081-082-085>088-KYZ018>020-132315-
DAVIESS KY-GIBSON IN-HENDERSON KY-MCLEAN KY-PIKE IN-POSEY IN-SPENCER
IN-VANDERBURGH IN-WARRICK IN-
537 PM CDT MON OCT 13 2014

...SIGNIFICANT WEATHER ADVISORY FOR WARRICK...EASTERN GIBSON...
PIKE...EASTERN POSEY...WESTERN SPENCER AND VANDERBURGH COUNTIES IN
SOUTHWEST INDIANA...AND HENDERSON...NORTHWESTERN DAVIESS AND EXTREME
NORTHWESTERN MCLEAN COUNTIES IN NORTHWEST KENTUCKY UNTIL 615 PM
CDT...

AT 534 PM CDT...NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE DOPPLER RADAR WAS TRACKING
STRONG THUNDERSTORMS ALONG A LINE EXTENDING FROM 7 MILES SOUTHWEST OF
MOUNT CARMEL TO CORYDON TO 5 MILES WEST OF SEBREE...AND MOVING NORTH
AT 70 MPH.

HAIL UP TO ONE-HALF INCH IN DIAMETER AND WIND GUSTS UP TO 50 MPH ARE
EXPECTED WITH THESE STORMS...ALONG WITH HEAVY RAIN.

LOCATIONS THAT MAY BE IMPACTED INCLUDE...
  HENDERSON...EVANSVILLE...MELODY HILL...FORT BRANCH...PRINCETON...
  NEWBURGH...CHANDLER...BOONVILLE...OAKLAND CITY...PETERSBURG...
  ROBARDS...KASSON...DARMSTADT...HAUBSTADT...PATOKA...FOLSOMVILLE...
  LYNNVILLE...WINSLOW...HEBBARDSVILLE AND ELBERFELD.

THESE STORMS MAY INTENSIFY....AND A TORNADO WATCH IS IN EFFECT FOR
THIS AREA. BE CERTAIN TO MONITOR LOCAL RADIO AND TV STATIONS...AS
WELL AS LOCAL CABLE TV OUTLETS....FOR ADDITIONAL INFORMATION AND
POSSIBLE WARNINGS FROM THE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE.

TORRENTIAL RAIN...WHICH MAY FLOOD LOW LYING AREAS SUCH AS DITCHES AND
UNDERPASSES...IS ALSO LIKELY. DO NOT DRIVE YOUR VEHICLE ON A FLOODED
ROADWAY.

LAT...LON 3853 8715 3854 8711 3851 8707 3821 8707
      3820 8700 3760 8748 3765 8750 3764 8769
      3772 8772 3778 8761 3799 8781 3831 8751
      3842 8768 3846 8767 3846 8760 3852 8754
      3851 8750 3855 8740 3852 8729 3856 8721
TIME...MOT...LOC 2237Z 200DEG 62KT 3839 8782 3785 8764
          3763 8760

SMITH

Local storm report, Oct 13, 5:48 PM CDT, 5 minutes before

PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE PADUCAH KY
548 PM CDT MON OCT 13 2014

..TIME...   ...EVENT...      ...CITY LOCATION...     ...LAT.LON...
..DATE...   ....MAG....      ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

0534 PM     FUNNEL CLOUD     1 N DAWSON SPRINGS      37.19N 87.69W
10/13/2014                   HOPKINS            KY   FIRE DEPT/RESCUE

            FUNNEL CLOUD MOVING EAST NORTHEAST, REPORTED JUST NORTH
            OF DAWSON SPRINGS. ESTIMATED WIND GUSTS OF 50 MPH.

&&

BP2

Local storm report, Oct 13, 5:53 PM CDT, 0 minutes before

PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE PADUCAH KY
553 PM CDT MON OCT 13 2014

..TIME...   ...EVENT...      ...CITY LOCATION...     ...LAT.LON...
..DATE...   ....MAG....      ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

0546 PM     TSTM WND GST     2 WSW EVANSVILLE        38.08N 89.97W
10/13/2014  E60 MPH          RANDOLPH           IL   TRAINED SPOTTER

&&

BP2

The office that day

Everything else NWS Paducah, KY issued on the same UTC day.

Issued	Product	Office	Counties	Lasted
Oct 13, 2:30 PM CDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	PAH	Carlisle, Fulton, Hickman	45 min
Oct 13, 3:00 PM CDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	PAH	Ballard	33 min
Oct 13, 3:14 PM CDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	PAH	Carlisle, Graves, Hickman, McCracken	46 min
Oct 13, 4:07 PM CDT	Special Weather Statement	PAH	Calloway, Crittenden, Livingston, Lyon, Marshall	38 min
Oct 13, 4:24 PM CDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	PAH	Crittenden, Union	51 min
Oct 13, 5:02 PM CDT	Tornado Warning	PAH	Henderson, Union	28 min
Oct 13, 5:15 PM CDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	PAH	Henderson, Union	30 min
Oct 13, 5:30 PM CDT	Special Weather Statement	PAH	Henderson, Hopkins, McLean, Webster	45 min
Oct 13, 5:37 PM CDT	Special Weather Statement	PAH	Henderson	38 min
Oct 13, 6:01 PM CDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	PAH	Henderson	44 min
Oct 13, 6:05 PM CDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	PAH	Daviess, Henderson	40 min
Oct 13, 6:52 PM CDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	PAH	Todd	26 min

Nearby

Tornado Warnings in Kentucky, 2014 Every tornado warning in 2014 Tornadoes in 2014

Sources

The product and its follow-ups from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service and Storm Prediction Center text; the sounding from the Mesonet's radiosonde archive; radar from the NEXRAD Level II archive.