Alert archive / Missouri / Severe Thunderstorm Warnings in 2008

Severe Thunderstorm Warning 485, NWS Springfield, MO

July 22, 2008Ozark County, Taney County, Missouri

NWS Springfield, MO issued this severe thunderstorm warning at Jul 22, 2008, 2:42 PM CDT for Ozark County, Taney County, Missouri. It was in force for 48 min. 1 report came from inside the area while it was in force.

The area

The outline as issued, with what was reported inside it.

The facts

Issued: Jul 22, 2008, 2:42 PM CDT (19:42 UTC)
Expired: Jul 22, 2008, 3:30 PM CDT
In force: 48 min
Issued by: NWS Springfield, MO
Area: Storm-based polygon

Counties Ozark County, MO, Taney County, MO

The radar

The Springfield radar (KSGF), 81 km from the middle of the area, began a volume at 19:44 UTC, the scan nearest the moment this went out.

Open the radar archive at this moment

The archived warnings, watches and discussions in force at that minute are drawn over the scan, this one among them.

What was reported inside it

Time	Report	Where	Remark
Jul 22, 3:00 PM CDT	TSTM WND DMG	5 N Protem, MO	TREES BLOWN DOWN NORTH OF PROTEM

Local storm reports filed while the alert was in force, from inside its polygon or its counties.

Did it verify

Verified. The Iowa Environmental Mesonet's Cow matched one storm report to this severe thunderstorm warning; the first came 18 minutes after it went out.

Cow counts a report within 15 km of the polygon while the warning was in force: a tornado for a tornado warning; hail of 1 inch or more, a gust of 58 mph or more or wind damage for a severe thunderstorm warning; a flash flood report for a flash flood warning.

The nearest sounding before it

Springfield, MO (KSGF), launched 12:00Z, 7.7 hours before the alert went out and 88 km from the middle of its area. This is the routine balloon launch nearest before it, the air the forecaster had in hand, not a measurement taken for the alert.

Skew-T log-p

Temperature in red, dew point in green, the mixed-layer parcel dashed.

Hodograph

The wind turning with height, colored by layer: ground to 1 km, 1 to 3 km, 3 to 6 km, 6 to 10 km.

Mixed-layer CAPE: 1917 J/kg
Mixed-layer CIN: -61 J/kg
Mixed-layer LCL: 1492 m above ground
0-6 km bulk shear: 22 kt
0-1 km storm-relative helicity: 38 m²/s²
0-3 km storm-relative helicity: 35 m²/s²
Significant tornado parameter: 0.0
Supercell composite: 0.0

Open this sounding in Storm Lab

The text

As transmitted, in the capitals the NWS used until 2016.

000 
WUUS53 KSGF 221942
SVRSGF
MOC153-213-222030-
/O.NEW.KSGF.SV.W.0485.080722T1942Z-080722T2030Z/

BULLETIN - EAS ACTIVATION REQUESTED
SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WARNING
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE SPRINGFIELD MO
242 PM CDT TUE JUL 22 2008

THE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE IN SPRINGFIELD HAS ISSUED A

* SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WARNING FOR...
  EASTERN TANEY COUNTY IN SOUTHWEST MISSOURI...
  WESTERN OZARK COUNTY IN SOUTHWEST MISSOURI...

* UNTIL 330 PM CDT.

* AT 239 PM CDT...NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE DOPPLER RADAR INDICATED A
  SEVERE THUNDERSTORM NEAR BROWNBRANCH...OR 15 MILES EAST OF
  FORSYTH...MOVING SOUTH AT 22 MPH. THIS STORM IS CAPABLE OF
  PRODUCING NICKEL SIZE HAIL...AND DAMAGING WINDS IN EXCESS OF 60
  MPH.

* THE SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WILL REMAIN OVER MAINLY RURAL AREAS OF
  EASTERN TANEY AND WESTERN OZARK COUNTIES...INCLUDING THE TOWNS OF
  RUETER AND PROTEM.

THIS IS A DANGEROUS STORM CAPABLE OF PRODUCING LARGE HAIL AND
DAMAGING WINDS...IF YOU ARE IN ITS PATH SEEK SHELTER INDOORS AND STAY
AWAY FROM WINDOWS.

LAT...LON 3681 9297 3681 9277 3649 9268 3649 9280
      3649 9295
TIME...MOT...LOC 1942Z 350DEG 19KT 3675 9286

$$

HATCH

3 follow-up statements

000 
WWUS53 KSGF 221955
SVSSGF

SEVERE WEATHER STATEMENT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE SPRINGFIELD MO
255 PM CDT TUE JUL 22 2008

MOC153-213-222030-
/O.CON.KSGF.SV.W.0485.000000T0000Z-080722T2030Z/
TANEY MO-OZARK MO-
255 PM CDT TUE JUL 22 2008

...A SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WARNING REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 330 PM CDT
FOR EASTERN TANEY AND SOUTHWESTERN OZARK COUNTIES...

AT 254 PM CDT...NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE DOPPLER RADAR INDICATED A
SEVERE THUNDERSTORM NEAR RUETER...OR 16 MILES EAST OF FORSYTH...
MOVING SOUTH AT 29 MPH. THIS STORM IS CAPABLE OF PRODUCING NICKEL
SIZE HAIL...AND DAMAGING WINDS IN EXCESS OF 60 MPH.

THE SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WILL REMAIN OVER MAINLY RURAL AREAS OF
EASTERN TANEY AND SOUTHWESTERN OZARK COUNTIES...INCLUDING THE TOWNS
OF RUETER AND PROTEM.

THIS IS A DANGEROUS STORM CAPABLE OF PRODUCING LARGE HAIL AND
DAMAGING WINDS...IF YOU ARE IN ITS PATH SEEK SHELTER INDOORS AND STAY
AWAY FROM WINDOWS.

LAT...LON 3649 9295 3672 9296 3677 9277 3650 9268
      3649 9269 3649 9280
TIME...MOT...LOC 1955Z 350DEG 26KT 3665 9284

$$

HATCH

000 
WWUS53 KSGF 222006
SVSSGF

SEVERE WEATHER STATEMENT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE SPRINGFIELD MO
306 PM CDT TUE JUL 22 2008

MOC153-213-222030-
/O.CON.KSGF.SV.W.0485.000000T0000Z-080722T2030Z/
TANEY MO-OZARK MO-
306 PM CDT TUE JUL 22 2008

...A SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WARNING REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 330 PM CDT
FOR SOUTHEASTERN TANEY AND SOUTHWESTERN OZARK COUNTIES...

AT 304 PM CDT...TRAINED WEATHER SPOTTERS REPORTED A SEVERE
THUNDERSTORM NEAR RUETER...OR 20 MILES EAST OF FORSYTH...MOVING
SOUTHEAST AT 30 MPH. THIS STORM IS CAPABLE OF PRODUCING PENNY SIZE
HAIL...AND DAMAGING WINDS IN EXCESS OF 60 MPH.

THE SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WILL REMAIN OVER MAINLY RURAL AREAS OF
SOUTHEASTERN TANEY AND SOUTHWESTERN OZARK COUNTIES.

AT 305 PM TREES WERE REPORTED DOWN NEAR PROTEM. 

SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS POSE A VARIETY OF HAZARDS TO THOSE OUTDOORS...
INCLUDING LARGE HAIL...DAMAGING WINDS THAT CAN CREATE DANGEROUS
FLYING PROJECTILES AND DEBRIS...AS WELL AS DEADLY CLOUD TO GROUND
LIGHTNING. IF YOU ARE IN THE PATH OF THIS STORM...MOVE INDOORS TO A
STURDY SHELTER IMMEDIATELY.

LAT...LON 3649 9289 3666 9289 3670 9275 3650 9268
      3649 9269 3649 9270 3649 9280
TIME...MOT...LOC 2006Z 329DEG 29KT 3657 9278

$$

HATCH

000 
WWUS53 KSGF 222021
SVSSGF

SEVERE WEATHER STATEMENT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE SPRINGFIELD MO
321 PM CDT TUE JUL 22 2008

MOC153-213-222031-
/O.EXP.KSGF.SV.W.0485.000000T0000Z-080722T2030Z/
TANEY MO-OZARK MO-
321 PM CDT TUE JUL 22 2008

...THE SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WARNING FOR SOUTHEASTERN TANEY AND
SOUTHWESTERN OZARK COUNTIES EXPIRES AT 330 PM CDT...

NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE DOPPLER RADAR INDICATED THAT THE SEVERE
THUNDERSTORM THAT PROMPTED THE WARNING IS EXITING THE WARNED AREA...
THUS THE WARNING IS BEING ALLOWED TO EXPIRE.

LAT...LON 3649 9289 3666 9289 3670 9275 3650 9268
      3649 9269 3649 9270 3649 9280
TIME...MOT...LOC 2021Z 329DEG 29KT 3647 9270

$$

HATCH

What forecasters said that day

The local office's own words before this severe thunderstorm warning went out, as it sent them, from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service text.

NWS Springfield, MO wrote its last area forecast discussion before this severe thunderstorm warning went out at Jul 22, 2:31 PM CDT, 11 minutes earlier.

Area forecast discussion, Jul 22, 2:31 PM CDT, 11 minutes before

AREA FORECAST DISCUSSION
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE SPRINGFIELD MO
231 PM CDT TUE JUL 22 2008

.DISCUSSION...

CURRENTLY AN OUTFLOW BOUNDARY FROM LAST NIGHTS AND THIS MORNINGS
MCS IS MOVING SOUTH THROUGH THE CWA. THUNDERSTORMS ARE DEVELOPING
ALONG AND JUST BEHIND THIS BOUNDARY. THE AIRMASS OUT AHEAD OF
THIS BOUNDARY IS MOIST AND UNSTABLE WITH ML CAPES OF 2000 TO 3000
J/KG WITH LITTLE CIN AND DEWPOINTS IN THE 70S. STRONG TO SEVERE
THUNDERSTORMS HAVE DEVELOPED ALONG IN THIS AIRMASS ALONG THIS
BOUNDARY. THE MAIN HAZARDS EXPERIENCED WITH THIS ACTIVITY HAVE BEEN WINDS
UP TO 60 MPH...NICKEL SIZE HAIL AND PERIODS OF VERY HEAVY RAINFALL.

THIS OUTFLOW BOUNDARY WILL CONTINUE TO PUSH SOUTH THROUGH THE
REMAINDER OF THE AFTERNOON HOURS...WITH STRONG TO SEVERE
THUNDERSTORM DEVELOP POSSIBLE ALONG THIS BOUNDARY ACROSS SOUTHERN
MISSOURI AND EXTREME SOUTHEAST KANSAS. BY THIS EVENING THIS
ACTIVITY SHOULD PUSH TO THE SOUTH AND OUT OF THE CWA.

AN UPPER LEVEL LOW NORTH OF THE GREAT LAKES REGION IS SPINNING SOME
UPPER LEVEL ENERGY TOWARDS THE AREA. THERE IS A STALLED SURFACE
FRONTAL BOUNDARY LOCATED ACROSS NORTHERN MISSOURI WHICH WILL
LIKELY PUSH FARTHER SOUTH THIS EVENING AS THIS ENERGY MOVES
TOWARDS THE AREA. REDEVELOPMENT OF THUNDERSTORMS WILL BE POSSIBLE MAINLY
ACROSS THE EASTERN CWA. THIS AREA HAS BEEN PRETTY WELL WORKED OVER
BY TODAYS THUNDERSTORM ACTIVITY...SO IT SHOULD BE HARD PRESSED TO
SEE MUCH SEVERE WEATHER IF ANYTHING CAN REDEVELOPMENT THIS
EVENING...UNLESS THE SUN COMES OUT AND REALLY WARMS THINGS UP.
COULD SEE SOME LINGER SHOWERS AND THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS SOUTHERN
MISSOURI DURING THE OVERNIGHT HOURS INTO WEDNESDAY MORNING.

THE REGION WILL GENERALLY BE IN NORTHWEST FLOW ALOFT THROUGH MUCH
OF THE FORECAST PERIOD IN RESPONSE TO AN UPPER LEVEL RIDGE OVER
THE ROCKY MOUNTAIN REGION...AND AN UPPER LEVEL LOW LOCATED NORTH
OF THE GREAT LAKES REGION. THE STORM TRACK SHOULD REMAIN TO THE
NORTH AND EAST OF THE CWA FOR MUCH OF THE PERIOD...BUT WILL HAVE
TO WATCH AND SEE IF ANY UPPER LEVEL DISTURBANCES RIDE THE
NORTHWEST FLOW INTO THE AREA. ALSO...NIGHTLY MCS DEVELOPMENT ALSO
LIKELY ACROSS THE NORTHERN CENTRAL PLAINS INTO THE NORTHERN
PLAINS THROUGHOUT THE PERIOD...WHICH COULD POSSIBLY MOVE SOUTH
INTO THE AREA DURING THIS PERIOD. HAVE INCLUDED SLIGHT TO CHANCE
POPS THROUGH MUCH OF THE FORECAST PERIOD TO ACCOUNT FOR THIS...WITH
THE BEST CHANCES ACROSS THE NORTHERN AND EASTERN PORTIONS OF THE
CWA. ALSO...THE ATMOSPHERE WILL REMAIN MOIST AND UNSTABLE. THEREFORE
IF ENOUGH HEATING CAN OCCUR ISOLATED AFTERNOON THUNDERSTORMS WILL
BE POSSIBLE. AT THIS TIME THE BEST CHANCES FOR THUNDERSTORMS
APPEAR TO BE SATURDAY NIGHT INTO SUNDAY NIGHT...AS UPPER LEVEL
ENERGY MOVES TOWARD THE AREA.

WISE

&&

.AVIATION...

FOR THE 18Z TAF CYCLE...SCATTERED THUNDERSTORMS CAN BE EXPECTED
FOR MUCH OF THE AFTERNOON. EXPECT MVFR WITH BRIEF IFR CONDITIONS
AROUND STORMS...ALONG WITH GUSTY WINDS. SKIES ARE EXPECTED TO
CLEAR LATER THIS EVENING WITH VFR CONDITIONS PREVAILING. WINDS
WILL BECOME LIGHT OUT OF THE SOUTHEAST TONIGHT.

SCHAUMANN

&&

.SGF WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES...
MO...NONE.
KS...NONE.
&&

Hazardous weather outlook, Jul 22, 1:00 PM CDT, 1 hour 42 minutes before

HAZARDOUS WEATHER OUTLOOK
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE SPRINGFIELD MO
100 PM CDT TUE JUL 22 2008

KSZ073-097-101-MOZ055>058-066>071-077>083-088>098-101>106-231800-
BOURBON-CRAWFORD-CHEROKEE-BENTON-MORGAN-MILLER-MARIES-VERNON-
ST. CLAIR-HICKORY-CAMDEN-PULASKI-PHELPS-BARTON-CEDAR-POLK-DALLAS-
LACLEDE-TEXAS-DENT-JASPER-DADE-GREENE-WEBSTER-WRIGHT-NEWTON-
LAWRENCE-CHRISTIAN-DOUGLAS-HOWELL-SHANNON-MCDONALD-BARRY-STONE-
TANEY-OZARK-OREGON-
100 PM CDT TUE JUL 22 2008

THIS HAZARDOUS WEATHER OUTLOOK IS FOR PORTIONS OF THE MISSOURI
OZARKS AND EXTREME SOUTHEAST KANSAS.

.DAY ONE...THIS AFTERNOON AND TONIGHT.

  WEATHER HAZARDS EXPECTED:

  WIND GUSTS TO 60 MPH...HAIL TO THE SIZE OF QUARTERS...FREQUENT
  CLOUD TO GROUND LIGHTNING AND LOCALLY HEAVY RAINFALL.

  AREAS AFFECTED AND TIMING:

  ALL OF THE MISSOURI OZARKS AND SOUTHEAST KANSAS THROUGH
  TONIGHT.

  DISCUSSION:

  A CLUSTER OF STRONG TO SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS WILL CONTINUE TO
  MOVE SOUTH ACROSS SOUTHERN MISSOURI THROUGH THE MID AFTERNOON
  HOURS. THESE STORMS WILL AFFECT AREAS ROUGHLY ALONG AND SOUTH
  OF THE HIGHWAY 60 CORRIDOR. ADDITIONAL THUNDERSTORMS WILL
  CONTINUE TO MOVE SOUTHEAST ACROSS CENTRAL MISSOURI THROUGH THE
  REMAINDER OF THIS AFTERNOON. MOST OF THE THUNDERSTORM ACTIVITY
  WILL WEAKEN THIS EVENING...HOWEVER ADDITIONAL THUNDERSTORM
  DEVELOPMENT WILL REMAIN POSSIBLE ACROSS CENTRAL MISSOURI
  OVERNIGHT...ROUGHLY ALONG AND EAST OF HIGHWAY 65.

  WIND GUSTS TO 60 MPH...HAIL TO THE SIZE OF QUARTERS...FREQUENT
  CLOUD TO GROUND LIGHTNING AND HEAVY RAINFALL WILL ALL BE
  POSSIBLE WITH THESE STORMS.

.DAYS TWO THROUGH SEVEN...WEDNESDAY THROUGH MONDAY.

  AFTERNOON AND EVENING THUNDERSTORMS WILL BE POSSIBLE ON A
  DAILY BASIS THROUGH THE REMAINDER OF THE WEEK AND INTO THE
  WEEKEND AS SEVERAL UPPER DISTURBANCES PUSH THROUGH THE REGION
  AND INTERACT WITH AN UNSTABLE AIR MASS.

.SPOTTER INFORMATION STATEMENT...

  SPOTTER ACTIVATION MAY BE NEEDED THROUGH EARLY THIS EVENING
  ACROSS ALL OF THE MISSOURI OZARKS AND SOUTHEAST KANSAS.

&&

THIS PRODUCT IS NOW AVAILABLE IN GRAPHICAL FORMAT...ALONG WITH
OTHER WEATHER...HYDROLOGICAL AND CLIMATE INFORMATION...AT
HTTP://WWW.CRH.NOAA.GOV/SGF(ALL LOWERCASE)

SCHAUMANN

In the hours before

Local storm report, Jul 22, 1:29 PM CDT, 1 hour 13 minutes before

PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE SPRINGFIELD MO
129 PM CDT TUE JUL 22 2008

..TIME..    ...EVENT...     ...CITY LOCATION...      ...LAT.LON...
..DATE..    ....MAG....     ..COUNTY LOCATION.. ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

0127 PM     HAIL             3 NE BATTLEFIELD        37.14N  93.33W
07/22/2008  E0.88 INCH       GREENE             MO   TRAINED SPOTTER

&&

KARDELL

Local storm report, Jul 22, 1:44 PM CDT, 58 minutes before

PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE SPRINGFIELD MO
144 PM CDT TUE JUL 22 2008

..TIME..    ...EVENT...     ...CITY LOCATION...      ...LAT.LON...
..DATE..    ....MAG....     ..COUNTY LOCATION.. ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

0128 PM     HAIL             2 ENE BATTLEFIELD       37.12N  93.34W
07/22/2008  E0.75 INCH       GREENE             MO   TRAINED SPOTTER

&&

KARDELL

Local storm report, Jul 22, 1:50 PM CDT, 52 minutes before

PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE SPRINGFIELD MO
150 PM CDT TUE JUL 22 2008

..TIME..    ...EVENT...     ...CITY LOCATION...      ...LAT.LON...
..DATE..    ....MAG....     ..COUNTY LOCATION.. ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

0130 PM     TSTM WND DMG     SPRINGFIELD             37.20N  93.29W
07/22/2008                   GREENE             MO   BROADCAST MEDIA

            SEVERAL CAR WINDOWS BLOWN OUT

&&

JLT

Local storm report, Jul 22, 2:01 PM CDT, 41 minutes before

PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE SPRINGFIELD MO
201 PM CDT TUE JUL 22 2008

..TIME..    ...EVENT...     ...CITY LOCATION...      ...LAT.LON...
..DATE..    ....MAG....     ..COUNTY LOCATION.. ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

0120 PM     TSTM WND DMG     SPRINGFIELD             37.20N  93.29W
07/22/2008                   GREENE             MO   PUBLIC

            TREE DOWN NEAR INTERSECTION OF SCENIC AVENUE AND
            REPUBLIC ROAD.

&&

AF

Local storm report, Jul 22, 2:15 PM CDT, 27 minutes before

PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE SPRINGFIELD MO
215 PM CDT TUE JUL 22 2008

..TIME..    ...EVENT...     ...CITY LOCATION...      ...LAT.LON...
..DATE..    ....MAG....     ..COUNTY LOCATION.. ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

0200 PM     TSTM WND DMG     1 SW OZARK              37.01N  93.22W
07/22/2008                   CHRISTIAN          MO   BROADCAST MEDIA

            SEVERAL SECURED PIECES OF PLYWOOD REMOVED FROM GARAGE
            WHILE THE ROOF WAS UNDER CONSTRUCTION

&&

JLT

Local storm report, Jul 22, 2:41 PM CDT, 1 minute before

PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE SPRINGFIELD MO
241 PM CDT TUE JUL 22 2008

..TIME...   ...EVENT...      ...CITY LOCATION...     ...LAT.LON...
..DATE...   ....MAG....      ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

0222 PM     TSTM WND DMG     4 SE FORDLAND           37.12N 92.89W
07/22/2008                   WEBSTER            MO   AMATEUR RADIO

            5 INCH DIAMATER TREE LIMBS DOWNED ALONG WITH ROOF DAMAGE
            TO HOUSE.

&&

ANGLE

The office that day

Everything else NWS Springfield, MO issued on the same UTC day.

Issued	Product	Office	Counties	Lasted
Jul 22, 2:46 AM CDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	SGF	Ozark	48 min
Jul 22, 11:15 AM CDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	SGF	Benton, Camden, Dallas, Hickory, Laclede, Morgan	43 min
Jul 22, 12:41 PM CDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	SGF	Greene, Polk	64 min
Jul 22, 12:55 PM CDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	SGF	Dade, Greene, Lawrence	65 min
Jul 22, 1:01 PM CDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	SGF	Greene, Webster	59 min
Jul 22, 1:21 PM CDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	SGF	Barry, Christian, Lawrence, Stone	54 min
Jul 22, 1:31 PM CDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	SGF	Barton, Dade	59 min
Jul 22, 1:41 PM CDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	SGF	Douglas, Webster	64 min
Jul 22, 1:45 PM CDT	Areal Flood Advisory	SGF	Christian, Dade, Douglas, Greene, Lawrence, Webster	2 hr
Jul 22, 2:26 PM CDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	SGF	Stone	64 min
Jul 22, 2:59 PM CDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	SGF	Jasper, Newton	61 min
Jul 22, 3:57 PM CDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	SGF	Newton	63 min
Jul 22, 4:38 PM CDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	SGF	Newton	52 min

Nearby

Severe Thunderstorm Warnings in Missouri, 2008 Every severe thunderstorm warning in 2008

Sources

The product and its follow-ups from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service and Storm Prediction Center text; local storm reports from the same archive; the sounding from the Mesonet's radiosonde archive; radar from the NEXRAD Level II archive.