Tornadoes · United States · Kansas · 2015

EF1 tornado, Gove to Grinnell, Kansas, May 9, 2015

From Gove to Grinnell, this EF1 tornado ran 6.1 miles across Gove County on May 9, 2015, touching down at 8:38 PM CDT and reaching 50 yards wide. It killed nobody, and did $50,000 of property damage.

The rating scale

Tracks are drawn in the color of the rating. The Enhanced Fujita scale rates the damage rather than measuring the wind: the speeds are what that damage is taken to imply.

  1. EF065 to 85 mph

    Light damage. Surface peeled off some roofs, gutters and siding damaged, branches broken, shallow-rooted trees pushed over.

  2. EF186 to 110 mphthis tornado

    Moderate damage. Roofs badly stripped, mobile homes overturned or badly damaged, exterior doors lost, windows broken.

  3. EF2111 to 135 mph

    Considerable damage. Roofs torn off well-built houses, frame homes shifted on their foundations, mobile homes destroyed, large trees snapped or uprooted, cars lifted off the ground.

  4. EF3136 to 165 mph

    Severe damage. Whole stories of well-built houses destroyed, large buildings badly damaged, trains overturned, trees debarked, heavy cars lifted and thrown.

  5. EF4166 to 200 mph

    Devastating damage. Well-built houses leveled, structures with weak foundations moved some distance, cars thrown and large missiles generated.

  6. EF5over 200 mph

    Incredible damage. Strong frame houses swept off their foundations, car-sized missiles thrown more than 100 meters, steel-reinforced concrete badly damaged, high-rise buildings deformed.

  7. Unrated

    The survey recorded a tornado but could not put a number on it, most often because it crossed open country and damaged nothing a rating can be read from.

The record

Rating
EF1
Date
May 9, 2015
Touchdown
8:38 PM CDT (01:38 UTC)
Lifted
8:53 PM CDT (01:53 UTC)
On the ground
15 minutes
Path length
6.1 miles (9.8 km)
Path width
50 yards (46 m)
Deaths
0
Injuries
0
Property damage
$50,000
County
Gove County
Touchdown point
39.045, -100.635
Lift-off point
39.133, -100.635
Record number
1505091938-01

What the Weather Service recorded

Several long-track supercell thunderstorms developed during the evening hours and moved north. Seven tornadoes were reported over four hours, with some producing EF1-EF2 damage.

Spotters report a large tornado on the ground.

Spotters repported a tornado moving from south of Grinnell to just northwest of Grinnell. Minor roof damage was reported and irrigation pivot sections were overturned.

From NOAA NCEI's Storm Events Database, the narrative the local forecast office wrote for Storm Data.

The forecast that day

The Storm Prediction Center had this point in a Slight Risk, with a 0.05 chance of a tornado within 25 miles. The outlook in force was issued at 03:26 UTC.

SPC's Day 1 convective outlook as it stood when the tornado began, read at the touchdown point. The same archive is on the radar archive.

What forecasters said that day

The local office's own words before the tornado touched down, as it sent them, from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service text.

NWS Goodland, KS wrote its last area forecast discussion before the tornado touched down at May 9, 6:20 PM CDT, 2 hours 18 minutes earlier.

Area forecast discussion, May 9, 6:20 PM CDT, 2 hours 18 minutes before
AREA FORECAST DISCUSSION
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE GOODLAND KS
520 PM MDT SAT MAY 9 2015

.SHORT TERM...(THIS EVENING THROUGH SUNDAY)
ISSUED AT 240 PM MDT SAT MAY 9 2015

CURRENTLY MUCH OF THE FORECAST AREA (EXCEPT WESTERN FRINGE OF YUMA
COUNTY) REMAINS UNDER A LARGE AMOUNT OF DRY AIR ALOFT WHICH
DESPITE SOME CLEARING AND INCREASING INSTABILITY HAS DELAYED
THUNDERSTORM INITIATION.

LATEST RUC/18Z NAM/HRRR SUGGESTING NEXT SPOKE OF ENERGY TO EJECT
FROM PARENT UPPER LOW INTO SOUTHWEST PORTION OF THE AREA AROUND
23Z LIFTING NORTHEAST ACROSS THE AREA THROUGH MIDNIGHT. STRONG TO
SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS EXPECTED.

AFTER MIDNIGHT CENTER OF WOUND UP UPPER LOW MOVES NORTHEAST TOWARD
YUMA COUNTY WITH WRAPAROUND PRECIPITATION ACROSS THE NORTHWEST
1/2 OF THE AREA. DURING THE DAY SUNDAY UPPER LOW LIFTS INTO NORTH
CENTRAL NEBRASKA. WRAPAROUND PRECIPITATION WILL SLOWLY END FROM
SOUTH TO NORTH THROUGH THE DAY.

SNOW AND BLOWING SNOW EXPECTED IN THE 09Z-13Z OR 14Z TIMEFRAME
FROM NEAR WAUNETA TO STRATTON TO KIT CARSON COUNTY. ANY
ACCUMULATION SHOULD BE CONFINED TO GRASSY AREAS. ELSEWHERE WINDS
INCREASE FOR MANY WITH GUSTS TO 40 MPH POSSIBLE.

LOW TEMPERATURES TONIGHT RANGE FROM THE LOW 30S FOR FAR EASTERN
COLORADO TO AROUND 50 IN NORTON AND HILL CITY. HIGH TEMPERATURES
SUNDAY IN THE MID 40S WEST TO AROUND 60 HILL CITY.

REGARDING FROST/FREEZE HEADLINES. BASED ON CURRENT FORECAST NOT
QUITE HALF OF YUMA COUNTY AND TO A LESSER EXTENT KIT CARSON AND
CHEYENNE COUNTY COLORADO WOULD SEE FROST CONDITIONS...THIS IS ALSO
THE AREA I AM ANTICIPATING SNOW. SO FOR NOW WILL NOT ISSUE ANY
HIGHLITES. IF A GREATER AREA OF YUMA COUNTY GETS INTO THE LOW 30S
A FROST HEADLINE WOULD BE NEEDED.

.LONG TERM...(SUNDAY NIGHT THROUGH SATURDAY)
ISSUED AT 138 PM MDT SAT MAY 9 2015

QUIET WEATHER WILL RETURN TO THE FORECAST AREA BEGINNING SUNDAY
NIGHT AND LASTING THROUGH AT LEAST MID-DAY TUESDAY. DURING THIS TIME
FRAME...THE MAIN FORECAST CONCERN IS FROST/FREEZE POTENTIAL. FOR
SUNDAY NIGHT INTO MONDAY MORNING...THERE ARE A FEW FORECAST ASPECTS
THAT NEED TO BE RESOLVED. IN THE WAKE OF THE DEPARTING LOW PRESSURE
SYSTEM...GUSTY NORTHWEST WINDS SHOULD CONTINUE THROUGH THE NIGHT
UNDER CLEARING SKIES. THESE COMPETING FACTORS INTRODUCE UNCERTAINTY
INTO THE LOW TEMPERATURES FORECAST AND THUS FROST/FREEZE CONCERNS.
CURRENT FORECAST IS SIMILAR TO YESTERDAY'S RUN WITH LOW TEMPERATURES
DROPPING INTO THE MID 30S ALONG/WEST OF HIGHWAY 25 AND IN THE LOW
30S ALONG/WEST OF HIGHWAY 27. THERE MAY EVEN BE SOME UPPER 20S
OBSERVED OVER EAST COLORADO WITH COLD AIR ADVECTION PERSISTING.

FOR MONDAY NIGHT INTO TUESDAY MORNING...COLD LOW TEMPERATURES ARE
ONCE AGAIN FORECAST. THIS TIME...LIGHT WINDS ARE LIKELY IN ADDITION
TO CLEAR SKIES. THE LIGHT WINDS WILL BE THE RESULT OF A HIGH
PRESSURE CENTER PASSING DIRECTLY OVERHEAD. THESE ARE PRIME
CONDITIONS FOR EFFECTIVE RADIATIONAL COOLING AND RAPIDLY DROPPING
TEMPERATURES. CURRENT FORECAST PREDICTS LOW TEMPERATURES IN THE MID
30S GENERALLY NORTH OF INTERSTATE 70 WITH THE POTENTIAL FOR
OBSERVATIONS IN THE LOW 30S NEAR MCCOOK NEBRASKA AND NORTON KANSAS.

BEGINNING TUESDAY EVENING...SHOWER AND THUNDERSTORM CHANCES RETURN
ONCE AGAIN AS THE PATTERN SHIFTS FROM BRIEF SHORTWAVE RIDGING TO
ANOTHER DEEP LONGWAVE TROUGH OVER THE WESTERN UNITED STATES.
INITIALLY...MOST CONVECTIVE ACTIVITY REMAINS ALONG THE COLORADO
FRONT RANGE TUESDAY NIGHT INTO WEDNESDAY. A MORE PRONOUNCED
SHORTWAVE TROUGH ROTATES AROUND THE LONGWAVE TROUGH...EJECTING OVER
THE HIGH PLAINS WEDNESDAY EVENING. THIS SHOULD BRING A BETTER CHANCE
FOR STORMS BUT CHANCES FOR SEVERE STORMS ARE A LITTLE UNCERTAIN AS
MOISTURE RETURN AND THUS INCREASING INSTABILITY MAY BE LIMITED.

FOR THURSDAY AND BEYOND...A WET PATTERN LOOKS TO RESUME AS MOISTURE
AND INSTABILITY RETURN IN EARNEST OVER THE PLAINS. FORECAST
SOLUTIONS VARY WITH THE EVOLUTION OF THE WESTERN UNITED STATES
LONGWAVE TROUGH. IT APPEARS THERE WILL BE SOME SEVERE WEATHER
POTENTIAL...PARTICULARLY ON SATURDAY IF FORECAST ELEMENTS COME
TOGETHER.

&&

.AVIATION...(FOR THE 00Z TAFS THROUGH 00Z SUNDAY EVENING)
ISSUED AT 514 PM MDT SAT MAY 9 2015

MVFR AND IFR CONDITIONS WILL CONTINUE AT KGLD AND KMCK THIS
EVENING AND OVERNIGHT AS THE UPPER LOW MOVES ACROSS THE REGION.
CONDITIONS SHOULD IMPROVE TO VFR SUNDAY MORNING AT BOTH SITES AND
CONTINUE THROUGH THE AFTERNOON.

&&

.GLD WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES...
KS...NONE.
CO...NONE.
NE...NONE.
&&

SHORT TERM...99
LONG TERM...RRH
AVIATION...FS
Hazardous weather outlook, May 9, 3:00 PM CDT, 5 hours 38 minutes before
HAZARDOUS WEATHER OUTLOOK
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE GOODLAND KS
200 PM MDT SAT MAY 9 2015

COZ090>092-KSZ001>004-013>016-027>029-041-042-NEZ079>081-101200-
YUMA-KIT CARSON-CHEYENNE CO-CHEYENNE KS-RAWLINS-DECATUR-NORTON-
SHERMAN-THOMAS-SHERIDAN-GRAHAM-WALLACE-LOGAN-GOVE-GREELEY-WICHITA-
DUNDY-HITCHCOCK-RED WILLOW-
200 PM MDT SAT MAY 9 2015

THIS HAZARDOUS WEATHER OUTLOOK IS FOR EAST CENTRAL COLORADO...
EXTREME SOUTHWEST NEBRASKA AND NORTHWEST KANSAS.

.DAY ONE...THIS AFTERNOON AND TONIGHT...

THUNDERSTORMS ARE EXPECTED TO INCREASE IN INTENSITY AND AREAL
COVERAGE AS THE AFTERNOON PROGRESSES...CONTINUING INTO THE
EVENING. MOVEMENT WILL BE TO THE NORTHEAST. ALL MODES OF SEVERE
WEATHER REMAIN POSSIBLE INCLUDING LARGE HAIL...DAMAGING WINDS AND
A FEW TORNADOES. LOCALLY HEAVY RAINFALL WILL ALSO BE POSSIBLE.

SNOW IS EXPECTED AFTER MIDNIGHT GENERALLY WEST OF A LINE FROM NEAR
WAUNETA TO STRATTON TO KIT CARSON COLORADO. ANY ACCUMULATION WILL
LIKELY BE ON GRASSY SURFACES. NORTHWEST WINDS GUSTING 30 TO 40 MPH
WILL COMBINE WITH THE SNOW TO PRODUCE AREAS OF BLOWING SNOW. THIS
AREA WILL LIKELY SEE FROST CONDITIONS.

.DAYS TWO THROUGH SEVEN...SUNDAY THROUGH FRIDAY...

SNOW AND BLOWING SNOW IS EXPECTED AN HOUR OR SO AFTER SUNRISE
SUNDAY MORNING. ANY ACCUMULATION WILL LIKELY BE ON GRASSY
SURFACES. THIS AREA WILL ALSO HAVE THE BEST CHANCE FOR FROST
CONDITIONS.

FROST IS POSSIBLE LATE SUNDAY NIGHT THROUGH EARLY MONDAY MORNING
GENERALLY ALONG AND WEST OF A TRENTON NEBRASKA TO LEOTI KANSAS
LINE.

FROST IS POSSIBLE AGAIN LATE MONDAY NIGHT THROUGH EARLY TUESDAY
MORNING NORTH OF A LINE FROM BENKELMAN TO HILL CITY.

.SPOTTER INFORMATION STATEMENT...

SPOTTER ACTIVATION IS LIKELY THROUGH THIS EVENING.

In the hours before

Local storm report, May 9, 8:06 PM CDT, 32 minutes before
PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE GOODLAND KS
706 PM MDT SAT MAY 09 2015

..TIME...   ...EVENT...      ...CITY LOCATION...     ...LAT.LON...
..DATE...   ....MAG....      ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

0700 PM     TORNADO          7 NE THE MONUMENT ROCKS 38.86N 100.69W
05/09/2015                   GOVE               KS   STORM CHASER

            SPOTTER REPORTS A LARGE TORNADO ON THE GROUND.

&&

T. LYNCH
Special weather statement, May 9, 8:12 PM CDT, 26 minutes before
SPECIAL WEATHER STATEMENT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE GOODLAND KS
712 PM MDT SAT MAY 9 2015

COZ091-092-100145-
KIT CARSON COUNTY CO-CHEYENNE COUNTY CO-
712 PM MDT SAT MAY 9 2015

...SIGNIFICANT WEATHER ADVISORY FOR NORTH CENTRAL CHEYENNE AND
EASTERN KIT CARSON COUNTIES UNTIL 745 PM MDT...

AT 711 PM MDT...DOPPLER RADAR WAS TRACKING A STRONG THUNDERSTORM 15
MILES SOUTH OF BETHUNE...OR 15 MILES SOUTH OF STRATTON...MOVING NORTH
AT 45 MPH.

NICKEL SIZE HAIL AND WIND GUSTS OF 50 TO 55 MPH WILL BE POSSIBLE WITH
THIS STORM.

LOCATIONS IMPACTED INCLUDE...
BURLINGTON...STRATTON AND BETHUNE.

THIS INCLUDES THE FOLLOWING HIGHWAYS...
 INTERSTATE 70 IN COLORADO BETWEEN MILE MARKERS 419 AND 439.
 HIGHWAY 385 BETWEEN MILE MARKERS 162 AND 165...AND BETWEEN MILE
MARKERS 175 AND 206.

A TORNADO WATCH REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 900 PM MDT FOR EAST CENTRAL
COLORADO.

LAT...LON 3897 10231 3902 10262 3955 10263 3956 10218
TIME...MOT...LOC 0111Z 185DEG 40KT 3909 10250

MK
Local storm report, May 9, 8:13 PM CDT, 25 minutes before
PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE GOODLAND KS
713 PM MDT SAT MAY 09 2015

..TIME...   ...EVENT...      ...CITY LOCATION...     ...LAT.LON...
..DATE...   ....MAG....      ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

0708 PM     TORNADO          10 NNE THE MONUMENT ROC 38.90N 100.68W
05/09/2015                   GOVE               KS   PUBLIC

            CALLER REPORTS A SMALL TORNADO ON THE GROUND.

&&

T. LYNCH
Local storm report, May 9, 8:25 PM CDT, 13 minutes before
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The air that afternoon

The radiosonde launches on either side of the tornado, from the nearest station that was launching then, drawn and analyzed the way Storm Lab does: the same diagram, the same parcel and shear definitions SPC's mesoanalysis uses.

Dodge City, (KDDC), 00:00Z

1.6 hours before the tornado, 160 km from the path. May 10, 2015.

Skew-T log-pSkew-T log-p diagram, Dodge City, at 00:00Z on 2015-05-10Temperature and dew point through the depth of the atmosphere, with the mixed-layer parcel lifted from the surface. Mixed-layer CAPE 330 joules per kilogram, CIN -51, lifted condensation level 1372 meters above ground. Wind barbs in knots down the right edge.LCLLFCEL10008507005003002001001 km2 km3 km6 km9 km12 km15 km-30°-20°-10°0°10°20°30°40°
Temperature in red, dew point in green, the mixed-layer parcel dashed. The warm shading is its CAPE, the cool shading the inhibition it has to break through.
HodographHodograph, Dodge City, at 00:00Z on 2015-05-10The wind through the lowest 10 kilometers as a curve, rings every 10 meters per second labeled in knots. Zero to 1 km storm-relative helicity 184 square meters per square second, 0 to 6 km bulk shear 70 knots.1939587897Sfc1 km3 km6 km9 kmRMLM
The wind turning with height, colored by layer: ground to 1 km, 1 to 3 km, 3 to 6 km, 6 to 10 km. RM and LM are the right and left moving storms Bunkers' method gives; the shaded area is the 0 to 1 km storm-relative helicity.
Mixed-layer CAPE
330 J/kg
Mixed-layer CIN
-51 J/kg
Surface CAPE
1182 J/kg
Mixed-layer LCL
1372 m above ground
0-6 km bulk shear
70 kt
0-1 km bulk shear
21 kt
0-1 km storm-relative helicity
184 m²/s²
0-3 km storm-relative helicity
151 m²/s²
Significant tornado parameter
0.2
Supercell composite
5.1
0-3 km lapse rate
7.6 K/km

Open this sounding in Storm Lab

Dodge City, (KDDC), 12:00Z

10.4 hours after it, 160 km from the path. May 10, 2015.

Skew-T log-pSkew-T log-p diagram, Dodge City, at 12:00Z on 2015-05-10Temperature and dew point through the depth of the atmosphere, with the mixed-layer parcel lifted from the surface. Mixed-layer CAPE 0 joules per kilogram, CIN -102481, lifted condensation level 2109 meters above ground. Wind barbs in knots down the right edge.LCL10008507005003002001001 km2 km3 km6 km9 km12 km15 km-30°-20°-10°0°10°20°30°40°
Temperature in red, dew point in green, the mixed-layer parcel dashed. The warm shading is its CAPE, the cool shading the inhibition it has to break through.
HodographHodograph, Dodge City, at 12:00Z on 2015-05-10The wind through the lowest 10 kilometers as a curve, rings every 10 meters per second labeled in knots. Zero to 1 km storm-relative helicity 178 square meters per square second, 0 to 6 km bulk shear 81 knots.1939587897117Sfc1 km3 km6 km9 kmRMLM
The wind turning with height, colored by layer: ground to 1 km, 1 to 3 km, 3 to 6 km, 6 to 10 km. RM and LM are the right and left moving storms Bunkers' method gives; the shaded area is the 0 to 1 km storm-relative helicity.
Mixed-layer CAPE
0 J/kg
Mixed-layer CIN
-102481 J/kg
Surface CAPE
0 J/kg
Mixed-layer LCL
2109 m above ground
0-6 km bulk shear
81 kt
0-1 km bulk shear
21 kt
0-1 km storm-relative helicity
178 m²/s²
0-3 km storm-relative helicity
291 m²/s²
Significant tornado parameter
0.0
Supercell composite
0.0
0-3 km lapse rate
5.0 K/km

Open this sounding in Storm Lab

The surface observations

Colby (CBK), 52 km from the path, in the two hours either side.

Time (UTC)Temp (°F)Dew point (°F)WindGust (kt)Pressure (mb)Weather
00:00 UTC

From the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of airport observations.

The radar

The Goodland radar (KGLD), 97 km away, was scanning. The volume nearest the touchdown began at 01:38 UTC.

Open the radar archive at this moment, over the track

Reflectivity and velocity, decoded from the Level II archive in the browser. Volumes take a few seconds to open the first time.

This ground now

The live radar over the trackEvery 2015 tornado in KansasEvery tornado in Kansas since 1950Warnings in force in Kansas nowThe forecast where you are

The other tornadoes of May 9, 2015

28 more were confirmed in the United States that day.

DateTimeRatingWherePath (mi)Width (yd)DeathsInjuriesDamage
May 94:32 PM CDTEF3Eastland, TX3.81,40012$300,000
May 93:40 PM MDTEF0Lincoln, CO0.050
May 93:41 PM MDTEF0El Paso, CO3.3100
May 94:55 PM CDTEF0Cooke, TX0.740
May 95:15 PM CDTEF0Eastland, TX0.120$90,000
May 94:27 PM MDTEF0Kiowa, CO1.150
May 94:30 PM MDTEF0Elbert, CO0.150
May 95:30 PM CDTEF0Love, OK0.330
May 94:40 PM MDTEF0Elbert, CO0.150
May 95:50 PM CDTEF0Love, OK0.330
May 94:50 PM MDTEF0Kiowa, CO11.1150$3,000
May 95:57 PM CDTEF0Wichita, TX3.350
May 96:09 PM CDTEF0Cotton, OK1.0100
May 95:20 PM MDTEF0Cheyenne, CO2.110
May 96:24 PM CDTEF0Marshall, OK3.0200
May 95:35 PM MDTEF0Cheyenne, CO1.025
May 96:58 PM CDTEF0Erath, TX0.380
May 97:25 PM CDTEF1Bryan, OK5.3200
May 97:28 PM CDTEF0Trego, KS4.0100
May 97:55 PM CDTEF0Graham, KS2.850
May 98:00 PM CDTEF0Gove, KS5.7100
May 98:24 PM CDTEF0Roger Mills, OK2.0100
May 98:25 PM CDTEF0Harlan, NE0.315
May 98:36 PM CDTEF0Harlan, NE0.015
May 99:12 PM CDTEF0Sheridan, KS13.9150
May 99:50 PM CDTEF2Sheridan, KS18.8150$75,000
May 910:43 PM CDTEF1Decatur, KS11.750$6,000
May 911:20 PM CDTEF0Red Willow, NE4.225

What this means

Ratings are the survey's, read off the damage rather than measured; the rating scale is above. Tornado counts rise through the record as reporting improved, so a year in the 1950s is not comparable with one today except for the strongest tornadoes, which were always noticed.

Sources

NOAA Storm Prediction Center tornado database, 1950-2025, the official record kept by NOAA's Storm Prediction Center.