Alaska, 2019

Coastal Flood and High Surf in Alaska, August 2 to 4, 2019

August 2 to 4, 2019 · NWS AFG · 5 events in 5 counties and zones

A strong low pressure center tracked north through the Bering Sea across St. Lawrence Island, the Bering Strait, and into the Chukchi Sea between Aug 2-4th, 2019.

The toll

Deaths
0
Injuries
0
Property damage
None recorded
Crop damage
None recorded
Events
5

Deaths and injuries are direct and indirect together, as the offices filed them. Damage is property and crops in the dollars of the year, not adjusted for inflation, and only where an office estimated it.

What happened

The episode as NWS AFG wrote it up.

A strong low pressure center tracked north through the Bering Sea across St. Lawrence Island, the Bering Strait, and into the Chukchi Sea between Aug 2-4th, 2019. This was the strongest in a series of weather systems associated with an atmospheric river which developed over the Bering Sea from late July and into August. This early fall storm resulted in coastal flooding, high surf, erosion, and riverine flooding due to heavy rainfall. Impacts included minor flooding of homes, seasonal subsistence camps damaged, road washouts, and coastal lagoons flooded.

What forecasters said that day

The local office's own words before the first event, as it sent them, from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service text.

NWS Fairbanks, AK wrote its last area forecast discussion before the first event at Aug 2, 5:13 AM AKST, 4 hours 47 minutes earlier.

Area forecast discussion, Aug 2, 5:13 AM AKST, 4 hours 47 minutes before
Northern Alaska Forecast Discussion
National Weather Service Fairbanks AK
613 AM AKDT Fri Aug 2 2019

.DISCUSSION...

Synopsis...Weather system moving over the West Coast this morning
will spread rain over most of the forecast area by this evening.
Rainfall amounts by Sunday morning will range from 0.5 to 3.0
inches for much of the area with local amounts to 4 inches in the
Norton Sound Region. Most, if not all, of the active fires will
receive a Wetting Rain by Sunday morning.

Models...02/00Z Solutions are in good agreement for the short
term, and today it looks like there have only been some minor
changes since the 01/12Z solutions. Still going to lean toward
continuity and make only minor adjustments to the current
forecast database. Solutions diverge beyond 60 hours or so with
significant differences in feature positions. Initially major
features have similar heights, and locations. Zonal flow will
bring several shortwaves across the area through Sunday morning,
but timing is different with all the solutions. Convective
indicies are not very impressive, and with westerly flow
convection is generally limited, but would not be surprised by an
embedded thunderstorm. Going with the NAM primarily with a kick
from the SREF for precipitation location. QPF will be a blend of
available solutions leaning toward the GFS which is currently
showing precipitable water values of 1 to 3 inches over most of
the forecast area for several periods through Sunday morning.
Winds primarily NAM.

Aloft...At 500 hpa...Broad troughing over the Arctic with a 528
dam low over the Central Beaufort Sea and a 532 dam low 600 nm
north of Point Barrow. Troughing extends southwest to a 548 dam
low over Siberia, and a 550 dam low is moving east over the Gulf
of Anadyr. Ridging extends northeast out of the North Pacific over
most of mainland Alaska with 580 dam heights over the Alaska
Peninsula and 558 dam heights over the Brooks Range. By Saturday
morning the troughing over the Arctic will shift offshore with the
low over the Beaufort Sea moving north into the high Arctic, and
the low north of Point Barrow wrapping back around to the
southwest to 400 nm northwest of Point Barrow. Troughing extends
southwest to the low that was over the Gulf of Anadyr, and is now
moving over the Bering Strait at 538 dam, and further southwest
to a 566 dam low over Shemya. The ridging over the state enhances
a bit as a 591 dam high develops 300 nm south of Seward and 561
dam heights push over the Brooks Range. By Sunday morning ridging
over the state flattens out as the low over the Bering Strait
moves over the Eastern Arctic Coast and starts to merge with the
troughing over the Arctic and the strong shortwave associated with
it moves to lie from Deadhorse to Minchumina. Ridging persists in
the Northeast Pacific as the high builds to 593 dam. The strong
shortwave will move east of the state Sunday afternoon with weak
ridging building in over the West Coast behind it and rotating
over the Interior Sunday night. At 850 hpa...Temperatures range
from -3C over the Northwest Arctic Coast to +9C over the
Southeast Interior this morning. 0C isotherm lies along the crest
of the Brooks Range, and by Saturday morning it will be north of
the Arctic Coast as temperatures across the state rise to just
above 0C over the Arctic Coast to +10C to +12C in the Lower Yukon
Delta and along the north slopes of the Alaska Range.

Surface...992 mb low near the Gulf of Anadyr will move northeast
to the Bering Strait by Saturday morning, and over Oliktok on the
Eastern Arctic Coast by Saturday night. Rain is spreading east
into the Interior already this morning and will continue into
Sunday as a strong southwest fetch of moisture persists. Strong
southeast winds will persist into the coast as well with seas
build and storm surge of 4 to 8 feet for coastal areas south of
the Bering Strait. A 1033 mb high will build over the Northeast
Pacific, 400 nm south of Seward, by Saturday morning. The low will
move to the southern Beaufort Sea by Sunday morning at 996 mb. The
warm front associated with the low will move northeast across the
state today, with the cold front moving to the West Coast Saturday
morning, and by Sunday morning it will lie from MacKenzie Bay to
Old Crow YT to Ambler and west. Weak high pressure will build in
north of the Alaska Range Sunday night.

Arctic Coast and Brooks Range...Southwest to west winds this
morning will snap around to northeast to east as the low that
moved over the coast yesterday moves north in the Beaufort Sea,
and the low near the Gulf of Anadyr moves northeast across the
Chukchi Sea Saturday morning. Temperatures warming cold air aloft
shift back to the north.

West Coast and Western Interior...Rain will continue with winds
increasing overnight. High Surf conditions developing late this
evening. Coastal Flood Advisory, Flood Watch, and High Surf
Advisories have been issued. Go to www.weather.gov/fairbanks for
the latest information. A strong southwest fetch developing and
feeding moisture into the West Coast. Persistent southwest winds
will build seas south of the Bering Strait. As the low moves
northeast across the Bering Strait winds on the back of the low
will produce high surf along the Chuckchi Sea Coast and in
Kotzebue Sound. Southwest winds increasing today to 10 to 25 mph
with gusts to 45 mph in the Norton Sound Region. Temperatures
slightly warmer as the southwest fetch bring warmer air northeast
into the area.

Central and Eastern Interior...Showers today as the front stalls
in the area. Then some clearing this evening. More rain on the way
Friday that will continue through Sunday morning with 0.5 to 1.5
inches of rain expected over much of the Central Interior, and
most of the Eastern Interior. Locally some areas in the Central
Interior may get around 2.0 inches of rainfall. Southwest to west
winds mainly north of Fairbanks at 5 to 15 mph gusting to 25 mph,
while from Fairbanks south winds will be 5 to 10 mph gusting to
15 mph. Temperatures cooler through the weekend.

&&

Coastal Hazard Potential Days 3 and 4...Elevated surf Sunday into
Monday along the Eastern Arctic Coast.

&&

Extended forecast for days 4 to 7...A brief respite from the rain
on Sunday night, Monday another system will move across the state
spreading rain to most if not all of the forecast area.
Temperatures cooling a couple degrees Monday, then warming a
couple degrees Tuesday and Wednesday.

&&

.Fire Weather...Another round of Wetting rain today as a weather
system moves across the state. Wetting rain again Saturday and
into Sunday before it tapers off. Wetting Rain will fall on all
the current fires by Sunday morning. Southwest winds generally
gusting to 15 mph will become southeast gusting to 20 mph as the
front approaches, then southwest gusting to 25 mph as the front
moves through the area. Cooler temperatures with above 50 percent
Relative Humidity values through the weekend. Excellent overnight
Relative Humidity recover continues.

&&

.Hydrology...With heavier rains expected the next couple of days
rivers will be on the rise. Rainfall amounts will 0.5 to 2.0
inches or more by Sunday morning. Travelers should be cautious
near all waterways. For the latest river forecasts go to
www.weather.gov/aprfc.

&&

.AFG WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES...

High Surf Advisory for AKZ207-AKZ209-AKZ210-AKZ213.

Coastal Flood Watch for AKZ211-AKZ212-AKZ214.

Flood Watch for AKZ211.

Small Craft Advisory for PKZ215-PKZ220-PKZ225-PKZ230-PKZ240.

Gale Warning for PKZ200-PKZ210-PKZ245-PKZ510.

&&

SDB AUG 19

In the hours before

Special weather statement, Aug 2, 7:26 AM AKST, 2 hours 34 minutes before
Special Weather Statement
National Weather Service Fairbanks AK
826 AM AKDT Fri Aug 2 2019

AKZ207>213-216-217-031400-
Chukchi Sea Coast-Lower Kobuk and Noatak Valleys-
Baldwin Peninsula and Selawik Valley-
Northern and Interior Seward Peninsula-
Southern Seward Peninsula Coast-
Eastern Norton Sound and Nulato Hills-
St Lawrence Island and Bering Strait Coast-
Lower Koyukuk and Middle Yukon Valleys-
Upper Kobuk and Noatak Valleys-
Including Point Hope, Shishmaref, Kivalina, Espenberg, Noatak,
Kiana, Red Dog Mine, Kotzebue, Selawik, Noorvik, Buckland,
Deering, Candle, Council, Haycock, Pilgrim Springs,
Serpentine Hot Springs, Taylor, Nome, White Mountain, Golovin,
Unalakleet, Stebbins, St Michael, Elim, Koyuk, Shaktoolik,
Gambell, Savoonga, Brevig Mission, Teller, Wales, Diomede,
Galena, Nulato, Huslia, Kaltag, Ruby, Koyukuk, Ambler, Shungnak,
and Kobuk
826 AM AKDT Fri Aug 2 2019

...Heavy Rain Today Through Saturday Over the West Coast and
Western Interior of Alaska...

Between one and 3 inches of rain is expected by Saturday morning
across most of the West Coast and Western Interior of Alaska. The
heaviest amounts are expected in locations surrounding Norton
Sound, and in most locations north of the Yukon River.

All rivers that lie north of the Yukon River are expected to see
sharp rises this weekend. Rivers draining into Norton Sound could
see bankfull conditions, with possible flooding near the Norton
Sound Coast. This includes the Unalakleet, Shaktoolik, Koyuk,
Niukluk, Snake and Nome Rivers.

At 7am this morning, Nome has already reported 1.5 inches of rain
in the last 10 hours, and Elim has reported 1 .3 inches of rain
in the past 10 hours.

JB
Special weather statement, Aug 2, 8:04 AM AKST, 1 hour 56 minutes before
Special Weather Statement
National Weather Service Fairbanks AK
904 AM AKDT Fri Aug 2 2019

AKZ218>225-021915-
Southeastern Brooks Range-Upper Koyukuk Valley-
Yukon Flats and Surrounding Uplands-Central Interior-
Middle Tanana Valley-Deltana and Tanana Flats-
Upper Tanana Valley and the Fortymile Country-Denali-
Including Arctic Village, Wiseman, Coldfoot, Chandalar DOT Camp,
Iniakuk Lake, Allakaket, Hughes, Bettles, Caribou Mountain,
Gobblers Knob, Fort Yukon, Venetie, Central, Circle,
Stevens Village, Beaver, Chalkyitsik, Birch Creek,
Circle Hot Springs, Eagle Summit, Twelvemile Summit, Nenana,
Anderson, Tanana, Minto, Manley Hot Springs, Rampart,
Lake Minchumina, Livengood, Fairbanks, Fort Wainwright,
Eielson AFB, Ester, North Pole, Moose Creek, Two Rivers, Fox,
Chatanika, Chena Hot Springs, Sourdough Camp, Salcha,
Delta Junction, Fort Greely, Harding/Birch Lake, Dry Creek,
Dot Lake, Healy Lake, Tok, Tanacross, Eagle, Tetlin, Northway,
Alcan, Chicken, Boundary, Healy, Denali National Park,
Carlo Creek, and Kantishna
904 AM AKDT Fri Aug 2 2019

...Heavy Rain Today Through Saturday Over the Eastern Interior of
Alaska...

Heavy rain is now developing across the Eastern Interior, and
will continue through Saturday morning. Between 1 and 3 inches of
rain is expected by Saturday west of Delta Junction, Fort Yukon
and Chandalar Lake. The heaviest rain is expected north and west
of Fairbanks. Fairbanks is expected to receive 1.5 inches of rain
by Saturday morning.

Most of the area from Delta Junction to Fort Yukon to Chandalar
Lake and east can expect between one quarter to one inch of rain,
except the area from Tok to the Alcan Border which will see
little if any rain.

The Salcha, Chena, Chatanika Rivers, and all rivers northwest of
Fairbanks will see rapid rises over the weekend.

JB

Event by event

4 coastal flood, 1 high surf. Local standard time, as filed.

Coastal Flood, Srn Seward Peninsula Coast

When
August 2, 10:00 AM AKST to August 3, 6:00 PM AKST
Where
Srn Seward Peninsula Coast forecast zone
Reported by
Local Official

Storm surge ranged from 6 to 8 feet above the normal high tide line along the southern Seward Peninsula coast. The high surge combined with southwest winds 30 to 45 mph resulted in high surf and significant wave runup. In Nome, water inundated low lying areas near the coast and high surf caused minor erosion along the Nome-Council road. In Golovin, water completely flooded the old runway, the barge landing and there was significant erosion. The community constructed a temporary berm which helped to hold water back from entering town. Many smaller creeks were overbank due to heavy rain. Some fishnets and a boat were lost.

Coastal Flood, Ern Norton Sound Nulato Hills

When
August 2, 10:00 PM AKST to August 3, 10:00 PM AKST
Where
Ern Norton Sound Nulato Hills forecast zone
Reported by
Local Official

Storm surge ranged from 6 to 10 feet above the normal high tide line in eastern Norton Sound. The high surge combined with southwest winds 30 to 45 mph resulted in high surf and significant wave runup. In Shaktoolik, water surrounded the village, much of the normally dry tundra was inundated, but erosion of the evacuation route out of town was the biggest impact. In Unalakleet, water was up to the AC store, the Fish processing plant, around the village and the airport was surrounded by water. In Stebbins, minor flooding was observed and a few homes were surrounded by water. Lastly, in St. Michael minor flooding of the old shipyard and erosion were the biggest impacts.

Coastal Flood, Yukon Delta

When
August 2, 10:00 PM AKST to August 3, 10:00 PM AKST
Where
Yukon Delta forecast zone
Reported by
Local Official

Storm surge ranged from 4 to 8 feet above the normal high tide line in southern Norton Sound and the Yukon River Delta. The high surge combined with southwest winds 30 to 40 mph resulted in high surf and significant wave runup. In Kotlik, Flooding reached some homes and structures and water got into the floor insulation in homes in low lying areas. There was also damage to some boardwalks and some residents lost fishing gear and other personal items. The warnings helped people to prepare and move property, such as snow machines, four wheelers, and fish nets, to higher ground or indoors.

Coastal Flood, Baldwin Pen. & Selawik Valley

When
August 3, 12:00 AM AKST to August 4, 12:00 AM AKST
Where
Baldwin Pen. & Selawik Valley forecast zone
Reported by
Emergency Manager

Storm surge ranged from 3 to 5 feet above the normal high tide line in Kotzebue Sound. The high surge combined with west winds 30 to 45 mph resulted in high surf and significant wave runup. Minor flooding was reported in low lying areas in Kotzebue and around the lagoon. Water was up to the teacher housing.

High Surf, Chukchi Sea Coast

When
August 3, 6:00 AM AKST to August 4, 6:00 AM AKST
Where
Chukchi Sea Coast forecast zone
Reported by
Local Official

Storm surge ranged from 3 to 5 feet above the normal high tide line along the Chukchi Sea coast. The high surge combined with southwest to west winds 30 to 45 mph resulted in high surf and significant wave runup. The storm caused major erosion to the sanitation road that leads to Shishmaref’s landfill. A lot of earth, rock, rip rap, cement blocks, and boulders were dislodged from the shoreline and the road structure. In addition, some subsistence fish racks were damaged by the wind and waves.

What these are

Coastal Flood
Flooding of coastal land by the sea, from storm surge, onshore wind or high tides.
High Surf
Large waves breaking on the shore that caused damage, erosion or casualties.

After NWS Directive 10-1605, the rules offices file Storm Data by.

The same day elsewhere

More

Every storm in Alaska in 2019Every state in 2019This day in weather historyWarnings in Alaska, August 2019

Sources

NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information, Storm Events Database, compiled from the National Weather Service’s monthly Storm Data. Complete through 2026-06; NCEI adds each month about 75 days after it ends and revises past years a few times a year. Rebuilt 2026-09-24. Each event’s entry at NCEI: 854511, 852822, 854512, 854513, 854514.