Virginia, 2015

Extreme Cold in Virginia, February 14 to 15, 2015

February 14 to 15, 2015 · NWS RNK · 3 events in 3 counties and zones

S. behind a strong cold front on February 14th.

Where it happened

Every event with a place to put it; 3 filed by county or forecast zone are drawn at its center, in a lighter ring. Tap one for its entry below.

  • Tornadoes
  • Tropical storms and surge
  • Floods
  • Wind
  • Hail
  • Winter weather
  • Heat and drought
  • Cold
  • Fire, smoke and dust
  • Marine and coastal
  • Other

Open the live radar over this ground

The toll

Deaths
0
Injuries
0
Property damage
None recorded
Crop damage
None recorded
Events
3

Deaths and injuries are direct and indirect together, as the offices filed them. Damage is property and crops in the dollars of the year, not adjusted for inflation, and only where an office estimated it.

What happened

The episode as NWS RNK wrote it up.

A massive Arctic air mass spread across much of the eastern U.S. behind a strong cold front on February 14th. This front brought high winds, bitterly cold Arctic air, and upslope accumulating snow showers to the mountains of eastern West Virginia, southwest and west central Virginia, and northwest North Carolina. The combination of the bitterly cold temperatures in the single digits to near -10F at the higher elevations of the mountains combined with northwest winds of 20 to 40 mph produced dangerously low wind chills during the early morning hours of the 15th. Here is a sample of some of the lowest wind chill readings reported from the southwest and west central Virginia counties within the forecast area:

Bath county - Hot Springs airport observed wind chill readings in the -26F to -31F range from midnight EST to just after noon EST,|Grayson county - several hours of -20F and lower wind chills were observed at the Grayson Highlands State Park,|Smyth county - a wind chill reading of -20F was observed at the Marion-Wytheville Mountain Empire Airport at 815 am EST.

What forecasters said that day

The local office's own words before the first event, as it sent them, from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service text.

NWS Blacksburg, VA wrote its last area forecast discussion before the first event at Feb 14, 8:10 PM EST, 1 hour 5 minutes earlier.

Area forecast discussion, Feb 14, 8:10 PM EST, 1 hour 5 minutes before
AREA FORECAST DISCUSSION
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE BLACKSBURG VA
810 PM EST SAT FEB 14 2015

.SYNOPSIS...
A STRONG ARCTIC FRONT WILL CROSS THE REGION THIS EVENING.
AN AREA OF LOW PRESSURE IS EXPECTED TO MOVE ALONG THE GULF COAST
AND THEN MOVE UP THE COAST DURING THE MONDAY-WEDNESDAY TIME FRAME.
YET ANOTHER ARCTIC BLAST OF BITTER COLD WILL FOLLOW THIS SYSTEM
FOR THE LATER HALF OF NEXT WEEK.

&&

.NEAR TERM /THROUGH SUNDAY/...
AS OF 800 PM EST SATURDAY...

OUR FORECAST WILL CONTINUE TO BE ONE WITH A LOT OF HEADLINES
ADDRESSING MULTIPLE WEATHER HAZARDS. NO CHANGES TO THE HEADLINES
ARE NEEDED AT THIS TIME.

AS OF 8PM...FRONT HAS ADVANCED PAST LYNCHBURG...MARTINSVILLE AND
WEST JEFFERSON. LEADING BAND OF SHOWERS...BOTH RAIN AND
SNOW...ALONG THE FRONT WILL EXIT THE COUNTY WARNING AREA BY 10PM.
PRESSURE WAS RISING RAPIDLY BEHIND THE FRONT AND TEMPERATURES IN
THE WESTERN COUNTY WARNING AREA HAVE LOWERED INTO THE TEENS.

WESTERN GREENBRIER COUNTY LOOKS TO RECEIVE THE HIGHEST MEASURABLE
SNOW AMOUNTS. HOWEVER...THE OTHER COUNTIES WITHIN THE ADVISORY
WILL CONTINUE AS SUCH GIVEN THE POTENTIAL FOR A GENEROUS AMOUNT OF
BLOWING AND DRIFTING SNOW WITH THE MEASURABLE SNOW THAT DOES
FALL. AREAS OF REDUCED VISIBILITIES ARE EXPECTED.

NEXT WE WILL HAVE THE CONCERN OF BOTH WIND ADVISORY AND HIGH WIND
WARNING GUSTS IN THE WAKE OF THE FRONT AS IT PROGRESSES THROUGH THE
REGION...AND FOR MUCH OF THE NIGHT AS STRONG COLD AIR ADVECTION ON
50-55 KT 850 MB WINDS ROLL A DENSITY CURRENT ACROSS THE RIDGE LINES
WITH GOOD CROSS BARRIER FLOW. GUSTS OF 60 TO 65 MPH WILL BE POSSIBLE
ALONG THE HIGHEST RIDGE LINES OF THE BLUE RIDGE. EVEN SOUTHSIDE
VIRGINIA IS EXPECTED TO EXPERIENCE GUSTS APPROACHING 45 TO 50 MPH
LATER THIS EVENING. OUR CURRENT CONFIGURATION AND TIMING OF THE WIND
ADVISORIES AND HIGH WIND WARNINGS LOOK GOOD AND WILL MAKE LITTLE IF
ANY CHANGE TO THE WORDING.

DELAYED BEHIND THE ONSET OF THE STRONGEST WINDS BY ABOUT SIX HOURS
WILL BE VERY FRIGID WIND CHILLS. WE ARE STILL ADVERTISING VALUES IN
THE 20 TO 30 BELOW ZERO RANGE ALONG AND WEST OF THE CREST OF THE
BLUE RIDGE LATE TONIGHT THROUGH EARLY SUNDAY MORNING. OF
COURSE...THERE WILL BE A PERIOD OF TIME PRIOR TO THE LOWEST WIND
CHILLS WHERE THE AREA WILL TRANSITION THROUGH WIND CHILL ADVISORY
CONDITIONS AS WELL. ACROSS THE PIEDMONT OF VA...WIND CHILL ADVISORY
LEVELS OF 5 TO 10 BELOW ARE EXPECTED LATE TONIGHT INTO EARLY SUNDAY
MORNING. THE NORTH CAROLINA PIEDMONT LOOKS TO BE A BIT ABOVE WIND
CHILL ADVISORY LEVELS WITH READINGS AROUND ZERO.

LOW TEMPERATURES TONIGHT WILL RANGE FROM ZERO TO FIVE BELOW ZERO
ACROSS SOUTHEAST WEST VIRGINIA...SINGLE DIGITS OVER THE MOUNTAINS OF
SOUTHWEST VIRGINIA AND NORTHWEST NORTH CAROLINA...AND ROUGHLY 8 TO 13
ABOVE ZERO ACROSS THE PIEDMONT REGION OF VIRGINIA AND NORTH CAROLINA.

DURING THE DAY SUNDAY...WIND SPEEDS AND GUSTS WILL GRADUALLY
DECREASE.  WITH THE DECREASING WINDS...AND SLOWLY RISING
TEMPERATURES...WIND CHILL READINGS WILL SLOWLY BE ON THE RISE. OUR
CURRENT WIND CHILL WARNINGS AND ADVISORIES EXPIRE AT NOON TOMORROW.
WE WILL LIKELY NEED TO TRANSITION MOST OF THE WIND CHILL WARNING
AREA TO A WIND CHILL ADVISORY AREA AND CARRY THAT THROUGH THE
AFTERNOON AND INTO MONDAY NIGHT. WE WILL HAVE A BETTER SENSE ON WHAT
AREAS AND FOR HOW LONG OF A PERIOD OF TIME TO DO THAT LATER TONIGHT
OR TOMORROW...RATHER THAN COMMIT TO A SOLID SOLUTION AT THIS POINT
IN TIME. THIS LIKELIHOOD WILL BE MENTIONED IN OUR NEXT WINTER
WEATHER MESSAGE AND HAZARDOUS WEATHER OUTLOOK UPDATES. HIGHS
TOMORROW WILL RANGE FROM THE SINGLE DIGITS OVER SOUTHEAST WEST
VIRGINIA...AROUND 10 TO 20 ACROSS THE MOUNTAINS OF SOUTHWEST
VIRGINIA AND NORTHWEST NORTH CAROLINA...TO THE LOW TO MID 20S ACROSS
THE PIEDMONT OF NORTH CAROLINA AND VIRGINIA.

&&

.SHORT TERM /SUNDAY NIGHT THROUGH TUESDAY NIGHT/...
AS OF 400 PM SATURDAY...

WIND CHILLS WILL LIKELY BE A RESIDUAL PROBLEM SUNDAY NIGHT. IN
SPITE OF DIMINISHING WINDS...THE BITTER COLD WILL STILL COMBINE
WITH THE WIND TO PRODUCE VALUES BELOW ZERO...JUST NOT AS EXTREME
AS SUNDAY MORNING. HIGH PRESSURE WILL EVENTUALLY HAVE ITS
WAY...PASSING OVERHEAD LATE SUNDAY NIGHT...WINDS COMPLETELY
DIMINISHING FOR MONDAY. MODELS SHOW A 1035 MB SURFACE HIGH PARKED
OVER THE NORTHERN MID ATLANTIC EARLY MONDAY...SO SINGLE DIGIT
TEMPERATURES A GOOD POSSIBILITY FOR YOUR WAKE-UP HOUR ON MONDAY.

ONCE WE GET PAST THE BITTER COLD OUR ATTENTION WILL QUICKLY TURN
TOWARD A WEATHER SYSTEM THAT WILL BE EVOLVING ACROSS THE DEEP
SOUTH. AN AREA OF LOW PRESSURE IS EXPECTED TO DEVELOP OVER EAST
TEXAS MONDAY...THEN MOVE EAST ALONG THE GULF COAST BEFORE TURNING
NORTHWARD ALONG THE MID ATLANTIC COAST TUESDAY. MODELS HAVE BEEN
VERY FIDGETY ABOUT THE EXACT TRACK AND POLEWARD DEPTH OF
MOISTURE. THIS INCONSISTENCY HAS LED TO LOWER THAN AVERAGE
CONFIDENCE WITH RESPECT TO WHAT MAY HAPPEN HERE IN THE CENTRAL
APPALACHIANS DURING THE MONDAY-WEDNESDAY TIME FRAME... I.E. WILL
IT SNOW OR DO NOTHING AT ALL.

BASED ON THE MODEL CONSENSUS TODAY...IT LOOKS LIKE THERE
WILL BE A SIGNIFICANT PUSH OF WARM AIR ADVECTION THAT WILL TRY TO
MOVE NORTH FROM THE GULF OF MEXICO INTO THE TENNESSEE VALLEY ON
MONDAY. THIS MOISTURE IS PROGGED TO FALL AS SNOW FROM TENNESSEE
INTO THE MOUNTAINS OF NORTH CAROLINA. THE QUESTION IS HOW FAR
NORTH THE MOISTURE WILL INTRUDE INTO THE BITTER COLD AIRMASS
BEFORE SUCCOMING TO EVAPORATION BEFORE REACHING THE GROUND.

ATTM...MODELS INSIST AREAS ALONG AND SOUTH OF INTERSTATE 40 WILL
HAVE THE BEST CHANCE FOR MEASURABLE  PRECIPITATION. AS YOU GET
NORTH OF INTERSTATE 40 AND ESPECIALLY INTO VA/WV...THE CONFIDENCE
GOES DOWN. AS SUCH...OUR CURRENT FORECAST WILL REFLECT THESE
UNCERTAINTIES...WITH PROBABILITIES OF 50 PERCENT OR GREATER
RESERVED FOR AREAS ALONG AND SOUTH OF THE VA/NC BORDER...THEN
GRADUALLY DECREASING AS YOU HEAD NORTH INTO VA/WV. RUNNING THE QPF
PROVIDED BY HPC USING A 10:1 FOR SNOW TO LIQUID RATIO YEILDED SOME
MODEST SNOWFALL AMOUNTS ACROSS OUR SOUTHERN CWA.... SUGGESTING 2
TO 4 INCHES OF SNOW ALONG THE NORTH CAROLINA BORDER...GOING UP AS
YOU HEAD SOUTH TOWARD I-40...AND GOING DOWN AS YOU HEAD NORTH OF
HIGHWAY 58. THESE NUMBERS CAN EASILY GO UP OR DOWN PENDING THE
TRACK OF THE STORM...BUT THIS IS THE BEST PROBABILISTIC FORECAST
BASED ON THE DATA AVAILABLE. AS A RULE OF THUMB...THE HIGHEST
SNOWFALL WILL GENERALLY OCCUR WHERE 850MB TEMPERATURES RANGE FROM
M2 TO M5 DEG C. ATTM...THIS CORRIDOR IS PROGGED ALONG THE I-40.

&&

.LONG TERM /WEDNESDAY THROUGH SATURDAY/...
AS OF 400 PM EST SATURDAY...

AS LOW PRESSURE TRACKS NORTHEAST OFF THE NEW ENGLAND COAST WEDNESDAY
MORNING...A REINFORCING COLD FRONT WILL SWEEP EAST ACROSS OUR
REGION. GUSTY NORTHWEST WINDS WILL CREATE UPSLOPE SNOW SHOWERS AND
SNOW FLURRIES IN THE WESTERN MOUNTAINS WEDNESDAY. HIGH TEMPERATURES
WEDNESDAY WILL RANGE FROM THE MID TEENS IN THE NORTHWEST MOUNTAINS
TO THE LOWER 30S IN THE SOUTHEAST. A WEAK SHORTWAVE WILL ROTATE
AROUND THE BASE OF THE UPPER TROUGH WEDNESDAY NIGHT WITH CLOUDS AND
SNOW SHOWERS. LOW TEMPERATURES WILL BE VERY COLD FROM THE SINGLE
DIGITS BELOW ZERO IN THE NORTHWEST MOUNTAINS TO AROUND 10 DEGREES IN
THE PIEDMONT. THE COMBINATION OF WIND AND TEMPERATURES WILL PRODUCE
WIND CHILLS BELOW ZERO.  THE BASE OF THE UPPER 500MB TROUGH SLOWLY
SLIDE EAST ON THURSDAY. AN UPPER LEVEL SHORTWAVE MAY BRING ANOTHER
ROUND OF LIGHT SNOW TO THE MOUNTAINS AS IT TRACKS OVER THE SOUTHERN
APPALACHIANS THURSDAY. COLD ON THURSDAY WITH HIGH TEMPERATURES FROM
THE SINGLE DIGITS IN THE NORTHWEST MOUNTAINS TO THE MID 20S IN THE
PIEDMONT. HIGH PRESSURE WILL BUILD EAST ACROSS THE REGION THURSDAY
NIGHT INTO FRIDAY. VERY COLD THURSDAY NIGHT WITH LOWS FROM MINUS 5
IN NORTHWEST GREENBRIER COUNTY TO AROUND 10 DEGREES ALONG THE
SOUTHERN BLUE RIDGE MOUNTAINS. THE HIGH CENTER WILL SLIDE EAST
FRIDAY INTO FRIDAY NIGHT. HIGH TEMPERATURES ON FRIDAY WILL BE WARMER
THAN THURSDAY WITH READINGS FROM THE LOWER 20S IN THE MOUNTAINS TO
THE MID 30S IN THE PIEDMONT.  MOISTURE INCREASES FROM THE WEST
FRIDAY NIGHT INTO SATURDAY AS LOW PRESSURE AND ASSOCIATED FRONTAL
SYSTEM APPROACHES. PLACED SOME LIGHT POPS FOR SNOW FRIDAY NIGHT WITH
LOW TEMPERATURES VARYING FROM THE LOWER TEENS IN THE WEST TO THE
LOWER 20S IN THE EAST. ANOTHER FRONTAL SYSTEM ARRIVE SATURDAY INTO
SUNDAY WITH CHANCE FOR PRECIPITATION. TEMPERATURES PROFILES
INDICATED A SNOW AND RAIN MIXTURE CHANGING TO SNOW. TOO EARLY TO PIN
POINT ANY DETAILS ON THIS SYSTEM. KEEP YOUR WINTER GEAR READY
BECAUSE TEMPERATURES WILL REMAIN BELOW NORMAL THROUGH THE PERIOD.

&&

.AVIATION /01Z SUNDAY THROUGH THURSDAY/...
AS OF 640 PM EST SATURDAY...

CONFIDENCE LEVEL HIGH THROUGH SUNDAY NIGHT.

A STRONG ARCTIC FRONT WILL SWEEP EAST ACROSS THE REGION TONIGHT
WITH GUSTY WINDS AND SNOW SHOWERS. THE ARCTIC FRONT IS EXPECTED
TO EXIT THE AREA BY MIDNIGHT. WITH THE FRONTAL BOUNDARY ANTICIPATE
AN ABRUPT WIND SHIFT NORTHWEST WITH GUSTS INCREASING INTO THE 40
TO 55 KT RANGE ACROSS THE MOUNTAINS AND 30 TO 40 KT RANGE ACROSS
THE NC/VA PIEDMONT. UPSLOPE SNOW SHOWERS WILL ACCOMPANY THE FRONT
FROM SOUTHEAST WV...SOUTH INTO THE NORTHERN MOUNTAINS OF NC.
MEASURABLE SNOW AND BLOWING SNOW IS ANTICIPATED HERE. DOWNSTREAM
OF THE CREST OF THE BLUE RIDGE...TEMPERATURES MAY BE WARM ENOUGH
STILL FOR A MIX OF RAIN AND SNOW SHOWERS AS THE FRONT TRAVERSES
THAT AREA.

MVFR CONDITIONS WITH ISOLATED POCKETS OF LIFR IN SNOW SHOWERS
WILL CONTINUE ACROSS THE PREFERRED UPSLOPE AREAS TONIGHT...AND
DECREASE IN COVERAGE DURING THE DAY SUNDAY WHILE FLIGHT LEVELS
IMPROVE. WINDS WILL REMAIN VERY GUSTY INTO SUNDAY MORNING BEFORE
STARTING TO DECREASE SLIGHTLY BY NOONTIME. BLOWING SNOW COULD
LOWER VISIBILITY TO BELOW A MILE IN A HEAVIER SNOW SHOWER.
WINDS WILL CONTINUE TO SUBSIDE HEADING INTO SUNDAY NIGHT

CONFIDENCE IS LOW REGARDING SPECIFICS IN THE WEATHER PATTERN MONDAY
INTO WEDNESDAY.

THERE IS A POTENTIAL FOR A WINTRY SYSTEM TO CLIP MAINLY NORTH
CAROLINA AND SOUTHERN VIRGINIA LATE MONDAY THROUGH EARLY
WEDNESDAY. THERE IS A POTENTIAL FOR SNOW AS WELL AS IFR TO MVFR
CONDITIONS.

CONFIDENCE IMPROVES A BIT ON THURSDAY AS WHATEVER TRANSPIRES
MONDAY THROUGH WEDNESDAY...WILL BE OFF THE COAST BY THURSDAY...AND
OUR WEATHER PATTERN WILL BE UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF STRONG
NORTHWEST FLOW AND GENERALLY VFR CONDITIONS. THE EXCEPTION MAY BE
SOME UPSLOPE SNOW SHOWERS ACROSS SOUTHEAST WEST VIRGINIA. LONGER
RANGE MODELS INDICATING ANOTHER FRONTAL SYSTEM IS POSSIBLE AROUND
SATURDAY WITH THE POTENTIAL FOR MVFR/IFR CONDITION.

&&

.CLIMATE...
SOME OF THE COLDEST AIR OF THE SEASON WILL AFFECT OUR REGION
THROUGH MONDAY. RECORD LOW TEMPERATURES ARE POSSIBLE AT SOME
LOCATIONS SUNDAY AND MONDAY. HERE ARE THE CURRENT RECORD
LOW TEMPERATURES:

      2/15        2/16
BLF	 2(1991)	-2(1991)
DAN	 9(1988)	 7(2004)
LWB	 8(1991)	 1(1991)
LYH	 1(1899)	 5(1920)
BCB	 7(1963)	 0(1963)
ROA	 6(1916)	 4(1920)

IN ADDITION...RECORD LOW MAXIMUM TEMPERATURES ARE POSSIBLE ON
SUNDAY 2/15. HERE ARE THE CURRENT RECORD LOW MAXIMUM TEMPERATURES.

      2/15
BLF	 14(1968)
DAN	 20(1960)
LWB	 16(1991)
LYH	 18(1920)
BCB	 11(1960)
ROA  17(1964)

&&

.RNK WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES...
VA...HIGH WIND WARNING UNTIL 9 AM EST SUNDAY FOR VAZ009-012>020-
     022>024-032>035.
     WIND CHILL WARNING UNTIL NOON EST SUNDAY FOR VAZ007-009>020-
     022>024-035.
     WIND ADVISORY UNTIL 9 AM EST SUNDAY FOR VAZ007-010-011-043>047-
     058-059.
     WINTER WEATHER ADVISORY UNTIL 5 AM EST SUNDAY FOR VAZ007-009-
     015-020.
     WIND CHILL ADVISORY UNTIL NOON EST SUNDAY FOR VAZ032>034-
     043>047-058-059.
NC...HIGH WIND WARNING UNTIL 9 AM EST SUNDAY FOR NCZ001-002-018.
     WIND CHILL WARNING UNTIL NOON EST SUNDAY FOR NCZ001-002-018.
     WIND ADVISORY UNTIL 9 AM EST SUNDAY FOR NCZ003>006-019-020.
     WINTER WEATHER ADVISORY UNTIL 5 AM EST SUNDAY FOR NCZ001-018.
     WIND CHILL ADVISORY UNTIL NOON EST SUNDAY FOR NCZ003-019.
WV...WIND CHILL WARNING UNTIL NOON EST SUNDAY FOR WVZ042>044-507-
     508.
     WIND ADVISORY UNTIL 9 AM EST SUNDAY FOR WVZ042>044-507-508.
     WINTER WEATHER ADVISORY UNTIL 5 AM EST SUNDAY FOR WVZ042-043-
     507-508.

&&

SYNOPSIS...PM
NEAR TERM...AMS/DS
SHORT TERM...PM/RAB
LONG TERM...KK
AVIATION...DS/KK/NF
CLIMATE...CF
Hazardous weather outlook, Feb 14, 3:52 PM EST, 5 hours 23 minutes before
HAZARDOUS WEATHER OUTLOOK
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE BLACKSBURG VA
352 PM EST SAT FEB 14 2015

VAZ032>034-152100-
PATRICK-FRANKLIN-BEDFORD-
352 PM EST SAT FEB 14 2015

...HIGH WIND WARNING IN EFFECT UNTIL 9 AM EST SUNDAY...
...WIND CHILL ADVISORY IN EFFECT FROM 11 PM THIS EVENING TO NOON EST
SUNDAY...

THIS HAZARDOUS WEATHER OUTLOOK IS FOR SOUTH CENTRAL
VIRGINIA...SOUTHWEST VIRGINIA AND WEST CENTRAL VIRGINIA.

.DAY ONE...THIS AFTERNOON AND TONIGHT.

PLEASE LISTEN TO NOAA WEATHER RADIO OR GO TO WEATHER.GOV ON THE
INTERNET FOR MORE INFORMATION ABOUT THE FOLLOWING HAZARDS.

   HIGH WIND WARNING.
   WIND CHILL ADVISORY.

.DAYS TWO THROUGH SEVEN...SUNDAY THROUGH FRIDAY.

PLEASE LISTEN TO NOAA WEATHER RADIO OR GO TO WEATHER.GOV ON THE
INTERNET FOR MORE INFORMATION ABOUT THE FOLLOWING HAZARDS.

   HIGH WIND WARNING.
   WIND CHILL ADVISORY.

IN ADDITION...A WEATHER SYSTEM TRACKING THROUGH THE SOUTHEAST
STATES AND MID-ATLANTIC REGION MONDAY INTO TUESDAY WILL LIKELY
BRING ACCUMULATING SNOWFALL TO THE REGION. FOLLOWING
THIS...ANOTHER SIGNIFICANT SURGE OF ARCTIC AIR IS EXPECTED
WEDNESDAY AND THURSDAY WITH BITTERLY COLD TEMPERATURES AND VERY
LOW WIND CHILLS ONCE AGAIN.

.SPOTTER INFORMATION STATEMENT...

SPOTTER ACTIVATION IS NOT EXPECTED AT THIS TIME.

NCZ002-VAZ012>014-016-017-022>024-035-152100-
ALLEGHANY NC-WYTHE-PULASKI-MONTGOMERY-CARROLL-FLOYD-ROANOKE-
BOTETOURT-ROCKBRIDGE-AMHERST-
352 PM EST SAT FEB 14 2015

...HIGH WIND WARNING IN EFFECT UNTIL 9 AM EST SUNDAY...
...WIND CHILL WARNING IN EFFECT FROM 11 PM THIS EVENING TO NOON EST
SUNDAY...

THIS HAZARDOUS WEATHER OUTLOOK IS FOR NORTHWEST NORTH
CAROLINA...CENTRAL VIRGINIA...SOUTHWEST VIRGINIA AND WEST CENTRAL
VIRGINIA.

.DAY ONE...THIS AFTERNOON AND TONIGHT.

PLEASE LISTEN TO NOAA WEATHER RADIO OR GO TO WEATHER.GOV ON THE
INTERNET FOR MORE INFORMATION ABOUT THE FOLLOWING HAZARDS.

   HIGH WIND WARNING.
   WIND CHILL WARNING.

.DAYS TWO THROUGH SEVEN...SUNDAY THROUGH FRIDAY.

PLEASE LISTEN TO NOAA WEATHER RADIO OR GO TO WEATHER.GOV ON THE
INTERNET FOR MORE INFORMATION ABOUT THE FOLLOWING HAZARDS.

   HIGH WIND WARNING.
   WIND CHILL WARNING.

IN ADDITION...A WEATHER SYSTEM TRACKING THROUGH THE SOUTHEAST
STATES AND MID-ATLANTIC REGION MONDAY INTO TUESDAY WILL LIKELY
BRING ACCUMULATING SNOWFALL TO THE REGION. FOLLOWING
THIS...ANOTHER SIGNIFICANT SURGE OF ARCTIC AIR IS EXPECTED
WEDNESDAY AND THURSDAY WITH BITTERLY COLD TEMPERATURES AND
DANGEROUSLY LOW WIND CHILLS ONCE AGAIN.

.SPOTTER INFORMATION STATEMENT...

SPOTTER ACTIVATION IS NOT EXPECTED AT THIS TIME.

VAZ010-011-WVZ044-152100-
BLAND-GILES-MONROE-
352 PM EST SAT FEB 14 2015

...WIND ADVISORY IN EFFECT UNTIL 9 AM EST SUNDAY...
...WIND CHILL WARNING IN EFFECT FROM 11 PM THIS EVENING TO NOON EST
SUNDAY...

THIS HAZARDOUS WEATHER OUTLOOK IS FOR SOUTHWEST VIRGINIA AND
SOUTHEAST WEST VIRGINIA.

.DAY ONE...THIS AFTERNOON AND TONIGHT.

PLEASE LISTEN TO NOAA WEATHER RADIO OR GO TO WEATHER.GOV ON THE
INTERNET FOR MORE INFORMATION ABOUT THE FOLLOWING HAZARDS.

   WIND ADVISORY.
   WIND CHILL WARNING.

.DAYS TWO THROUGH SEVEN...SUNDAY THROUGH FRIDAY.

PLEASE LISTEN TO NOAA WEATHER RADIO OR GO TO WEATHER.GOV ON THE
INTERNET FOR MORE INFORMATION ABOUT THE FOLLOWING HAZARDS.

   WIND ADVISORY.
   WIND CHILL WARNING.

IN ADDITION...A WEATHER SYSTEM TRACKING THROUGH THE SOUTHEAST
STATES AND MID-ATLANTIC REGION MONDAY INTO TUESDAY WILL LIKELY
BRING ACCUMULATING SNOWFALL TO THE REGION. FOLLOWING
THIS...ANOTHER SIGNIFICANT SURGE OF ARCTIC AIR IS EXPECTED
WEDNESDAY AND THURSDAY WITH BITTERLY COLD TEMPERATURES AND
DANGEROUSLY LOW WIND CHILLS ONCE AGAIN.

.SPOTTER INFORMATION STATEMENT...

SPOTTER ACTIVATION IS NOT EXPECTED AT THIS TIME.

VAZ018-019-152100-
CRAIG-ALLEGHANY VA-
352 PM EST SAT FEB 14 2015

...HIGH WIND WARNING IN EFFECT UNTIL 9 AM EST SUNDAY...
...WIND CHILL WARNING IN EFFECT FROM 11 PM THIS EVENING TO NOON EST
SUNDAY...

THIS HAZARDOUS WEATHER OUTLOOK IS FOR SOUTHWEST VIRGINIA AND WEST
CENTRAL VIRGINIA.

.DAY ONE...THIS AFTERNOON AND TONIGHT.

PLEASE LISTEN TO NOAA WEATHER RADIO OR GO TO WEATHER.GOV ON THE
INTERNET FOR MORE INFORMATION ABOUT THE FOLLOWING HAZARDS.

   HIGH WIND WARNING.
   WIND CHILL WARNING.

.DAYS TWO THROUGH SEVEN...SUNDAY THROUGH FRIDAY.

PLEASE LISTEN TO NOAA WEATHER RADIO OR GO TO WEATHER.GOV ON THE
INTERNET FOR MORE INFORMATION ABOUT THE FOLLOWING HAZARDS.

   HIGH WIND WARNING.
   WIND CHILL WARNING.

IN ADDITION...A WEATHER SYSTEM TRACKING THROUGH THE SOUTHEAST
STATES AND MID-ATLANTIC REGION MONDAY INTO TUESDAY WILL LIKELY
BRING ACCUMULATING SNOWFALL TO THE REGION. FOLLOWING
THIS...ANOTHER SIGNIFICANT SURGE OF ARCTIC AIR IS EXPECTED
WEDNESDAY AND THURSDAY WITH BITTERLY COLD TEMPERATURES AND
DANGEROUSLY LOW WIND CHILLS ONCE AGAIN.

.SPOTTER INFORMATION STATEMENT...

SPOTTER ACTIVATION IS NOT EXPECTED AT THIS TIME.

VAZ009-020-152100-
SMYTH-BATH-
352 PM EST SAT FEB 14 2015

...WINTER WEATHER ADVISORY IN EFFECT UNTIL 5 AM EST SUNDAY...
...HIGH WIND WARNING IN EFFECT UNTIL 9 AM EST SUNDAY...
...WIND CHILL WARNING IN EFFECT FROM 11 PM THIS EVENING TO NOON EST
SUNDAY...

THIS HAZARDOUS WEATHER OUTLOOK IS FOR SOUTHWEST VIRGINIA AND WEST
CENTRAL VIRGINIA.

.DAY ONE...THIS AFTERNOON AND TONIGHT.

PLEASE LISTEN TO NOAA WEATHER RADIO OR GO TO WEATHER.GOV ON THE
INTERNET FOR MORE INFORMATION ABOUT THE FOLLOWING HAZARDS.

   WINTER WEATHER ADVISORY.
   HIGH WIND WARNING.
   WIND CHILL WARNING.

.DAYS TWO THROUGH SEVEN...SUNDAY THROUGH FRIDAY.

PLEASE LISTEN TO NOAA WEATHER RADIO OR GO TO WEATHER.GOV ON THE
INTERNET FOR MORE INFORMATION ABOUT THE FOLLOWING HAZARDS.

   HIGH WIND WARNING.
   WIND CHILL WARNING.

IN ADDITION...A WEATHER SYSTEM TRACKING THROUGH THE SOUTHEAST
STATES AND MID-ATLANTIC REGION MONDAY INTO TUESDAY WILL LIKELY
BRING ACCUMULATING SNOWFALL TO THE REGION. FOLLOWING
THIS...ANOTHER SIGNIFICANT SURGE OF ARCTIC AIR IS EXPECTED
WEDNESDAY AND THURSDAY WITH STRONG...GUSTY NORTHWEST
WINDS...BITTERLY COLD TEMPERATURES AND DANGEROUSLY LOW WIND CHILLS
ONCE AGAIN.

.SPOTTER INFORMATION STATEMENT...

SPOTTER ACTIVATION IS NOT EXPECTED AT THIS TIME.

VAZ007-WVZ042-043-507-508-152100-
TAZEWELL-MERCER-SUMMERS-EASTERN GREENBRIER-WESTERN GREENBRIER-
352 PM EST SAT FEB 14 2015

...WINTER WEATHER ADVISORY IN EFFECT UNTIL 5 AM EST SUNDAY...
...WIND ADVISORY IN EFFECT UNTIL 9 AM EST SUNDAY...
...WIND CHILL WARNING IN EFFECT FROM 11 PM THIS EVENING TO NOON EST
SUNDAY...

THIS HAZARDOUS WEATHER OUTLOOK IS FOR SOUTHWEST VIRGINIA AND
SOUTHEAST WEST VIRGINIA.

.DAY ONE...THIS AFTERNOON AND TONIGHT.

PLEASE LISTEN TO NOAA WEATHER RADIO OR GO TO WEATHER.GOV ON THE
INTERNET FOR MORE INFORMATION ABOUT THE FOLLOWING HAZARDS.

   WINTER WEATHER ADVISORY.
   WIND ADVISORY.
   WIND CHILL WARNING.

.DAYS TWO THROUGH SEVEN...SUNDAY THROUGH FRIDAY.

PLEASE LISTEN TO NOAA WEATHER RADIO OR GO TO WEATHER.GOV ON THE
INTERNET FOR MORE INFORMATION ABOUT THE FOLLOWING HAZARDS.

   WIND ADVISORY.
   WIND CHILL WARNING.

IN ADDITION...A WEATHER SYSTEM TRACKING THROUGH THE SOUTHEAST
STATES AND MID-ATLANTIC REGION MONDAY INTO TUESDAY WILL LIKELY
BRING ACCUMULATING SNOWFALL TO THE REGION. FOLLOWING
THIS...ANOTHER SIGNIFICANT SURGE OF ARCTIC AIR IS EXPECTED
WEDNESDAY AND THURSDAY WITH STRONG...GUSTY NORTHWEST
WINDS...BITTERLY COLD TEMPERATURES AND DANGEROUSLY LOW WIND CHILLS
ONCE AGAIN.

.SPOTTER INFORMATION STATEMENT...

SPOTTER ACTIVATION IS NOT EXPECTED AT THIS TIME.

NCZ001-018-VAZ015-152100-
ASHE-WATAUGA-GRAYSON-
352 PM EST SAT FEB 14 2015

...WINTER WEATHER ADVISORY IN EFFECT UNTIL 5 AM EST SUNDAY...
...HIGH WIND WARNING IN EFFECT UNTIL 9 AM EST SUNDAY...
...WIND CHILL WARNING IN EFFECT FROM 11 PM THIS EVENING TO NOON EST
SUNDAY...

THIS HAZARDOUS WEATHER OUTLOOK IS FOR NORTHWEST NORTH CAROLINA AND
SOUTHWEST VIRGINIA.

.DAY ONE...THIS AFTERNOON AND TONIGHT.

PLEASE LISTEN TO NOAA WEATHER RADIO OR GO TO WEATHER.GOV ON THE
INTERNET FOR MORE INFORMATION ABOUT THE FOLLOWING HAZARDS.

   WINTER WEATHER ADVISORY.
   HIGH WIND WARNING.
   WIND CHILL WARNING.

.DAYS TWO THROUGH SEVEN...SUNDAY THROUGH FRIDAY.

PLEASE LISTEN TO NOAA WEATHER RADIO OR GO TO WEATHER.GOV ON THE
INTERNET FOR MORE INFORMATION ABOUT THE FOLLOWING HAZARDS.

   HIGH WIND WARNING.
   WIND CHILL WARNING.

IN ADDITION...A WEATHER SYSTEM TRACKING THROUGH THE SOUTHEAST
STATES AND MID-ATLANTIC REGION MONDAY INTO TUESDAY WILL LIKELY
BRING ACCUMULATING SNOWFALL TO THE REGION. FOLLOWING
THIS...ANOTHER SIGNIFICANT SURGE OF ARCTIC AIR IS EXPECTED
WEDNESDAY AND THURSDAY WITH STRONG...GUSTY NORTHWEST WINDS...
BITTERLY COLD TEMPERATURES AND DANGEROUSLY LOW WIND CHILLS ONCE
AGAIN.

.SPOTTER INFORMATION STATEMENT...

SPOTTER ACTIVATION IS NOT EXPECTED AT THIS TIME.

NCZ003-019-VAZ043>047-058-059-152100-
SURRY-WILKES-HENRY-PITTSYLVANIA-CAMPBELL-APPOMATTOX-BUCKINGHAM-
HALIFAX-CHARLOTTE-
352 PM EST SAT FEB 14 2015

...WIND ADVISORY IN EFFECT UNTIL 9 AM EST SUNDAY...
...WIND CHILL ADVISORY IN EFFECT FROM 11 PM THIS EVENING TO NOON EST
SUNDAY...

THIS HAZARDOUS WEATHER OUTLOOK IS FOR NORTH CENTRAL NORTH
CAROLINA...NORTHWEST NORTH CAROLINA...CENTRAL VIRGINIA AND SOUTH
CENTRAL VIRGINIA.

.DAY ONE...THIS AFTERNOON AND TONIGHT.

PLEASE LISTEN TO NOAA WEATHER RADIO OR GO TO WEATHER.GOV ON THE
INTERNET FOR MORE INFORMATION ABOUT THE FOLLOWING HAZARDS.

   WIND ADVISORY.
   WIND CHILL ADVISORY.

.DAYS TWO THROUGH SEVEN...SUNDAY THROUGH FRIDAY.

PLEASE LISTEN TO NOAA WEATHER RADIO OR GO TO WEATHER.GOV ON THE
INTERNET FOR MORE INFORMATION ABOUT THE FOLLOWING HAZARDS.

   WIND ADVISORY.
   WIND CHILL ADVISORY.

IN ADDITION...A WEATHER SYSTEM TRACKING THROUGH THE SOUTHEAST
STATES AND MID-ATLANTIC REGION MONDAY INTO TUESDAY COULD BRING
ACCUMULATING SNOWFALL TO THE REGION. FOLLOWING THIS...ANOTHER
SIGNIFICANT SURGE OF ARCTIC AIR IS EXPECTED WEDNESDAY AND THURSDAY
WITH BITTERLY COLD TEMPERATURES AND VERY LOW WIND CHILLS ONCE
AGAIN.

.SPOTTER INFORMATION STATEMENT...

SPOTTER ACTIVATION IS NOT EXPECTED AT THIS TIME.

NCZ004>006-020-152100-
STOKES-ROCKINGHAM-CASWELL-YADKIN-
352 PM EST SAT FEB 14 2015

...WIND ADVISORY IN EFFECT UNTIL 9 AM EST SUNDAY...

THIS HAZARDOUS WEATHER OUTLOOK IS FOR NORTH CENTRAL NORTH CAROLINA
AND NORTHWEST NORTH CAROLINA.

.DAY ONE...THIS AFTERNOON AND TONIGHT.

PLEASE LISTEN TO NOAA WEATHER RADIO OR GO TO WEATHER.GOV ON THE
INTERNET FOR MORE INFORMATION ABOUT THE FOLLOWING HAZARDS.

   WIND ADVISORY.

WIND CHILLS WILL BE AROUND ZERO LATE TONIGHT INTO EARLY SUNDAY
MORNING.

.DAYS TWO THROUGH SEVEN...SUNDAY THROUGH FRIDAY.

PLEASE LISTEN TO NOAA WEATHER RADIO OR GO TO WEATHER.GOV ON THE
INTERNET FOR MORE INFORMATION ABOUT THE FOLLOWING HAZARDS.

   WIND ADVISORY.

IN ADDITION...A WEATHER SYSTEM TRACKING THROUGH THE SOUTHEAST
STATES AND MID-ATLANTIC REGION MONDAY INTO TUESDAY WILL LIKELY
BRING ACCUMULATING SNOWFALL TO THE REGION. FOLLOWING
THIS...ANOTHER SIGNIFICANT SURGE OF ARCTIC AIR IS EXPECTED
WEDNESDAY AND THURSDAY WITH BITTERLY COLD TEMPERATURES AND VERY
LOW WIND CHILLS ONCE AGAIN.

.SPOTTER INFORMATION STATEMENT...

SPOTTER ACTIVATION IS NOT EXPECTED AT THIS TIME.

In the hours before

Local storm report, Feb 14, 8:54 PM EST, 21 minutes before
PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE BLACKSBURG VA
854 PM EST SAT FEB 14 2015

..TIME...   ...EVENT...      ...CITY LOCATION...     ...LAT.LON...
..DATE...   ....MAG....      ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

0854 PM     SNOW             GLENWOOD                37.34N  81.15W
02/14/2015  E4.0 INCH        MERCER             WV   PUBLIC

&&

EVENT NUMBER RNK1500176

FISHER
Local storm report, Feb 14, 8:56 PM EST, 19 minutes before
PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE BLACKSBURG VA
856 PM EST SAT FEB 14 2015

..TIME...   ...EVENT...      ...CITY LOCATION...     ...LAT.LON...
..DATE...   ....MAG....      ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

0856 PM     SNOW             ATHENS                  37.42N  81.02W
02/14/2015  E4.0 INCH        MERCER             WV   PUBLIC

&&

EVENT NUMBER RNK1500177

FISHER
Local storm report, Feb 14, 8:57 PM EST, 18 minutes before
PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE BLACKSBURG VA
857 PM EST SAT FEB 14 2015

..TIME...   ...EVENT...      ...CITY LOCATION...     ...LAT.LON...
..DATE...   ....MAG....      ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

0856 PM     SNOW             FRANKFORD               37.92N  80.38W
02/14/2015  E2.0 INCH        GREENBRIER         WV   PUBLIC

&&

EVENT NUMBER RNK1500178

FISHER
Special weather statement, Feb 14, 9:00 PM EST, 15 minutes before
SPECIAL WEATHER STATEMENT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE BLACKSBURG VA
900 PM EST SAT FEB 14 2015

NCZ004-020-VAZ043>047-150445-
STOKES-YADKIN-HENRY-PITTSYLVANIA-CAMPBELL-APPOMATTOX-BUCKINGHAM-
INCLUDING THE CITIES OF...DANBURY...YADKINVILLE...MARTINSVILLE...
DANVILLE...LYNCHBURG...APPOMATTOX
900 PM EST SAT FEB 14 2015

...SNOW SHOWERS WITH VERY GUSTY WINDS THIS EVENING...

RAIN AND SNOW SHOWERS ALONG AN ARCTIC COLD FRONT WERE MOVING
SOUTHEAST OUT OF THE AREA THIS EVENING. TEMPERATURES HAVE DROPPED
TO FREEZING AND WILL CONTINUE TO FALL INTO THE LOWER TO MIDDLE 20S
BY MIDNIGHT. ANY MOISTURE LEFT ON THE ROADS FROM THE RAIN AND SNOW
WILL QUICKLY FREEZE INTO BLACK ICE. IN ADDITION...NORTHWEST WINDS
WILL GUST UP TO 50 MPH.

USE CAUTION WHEN TRAVELING TONIGHT. ROADS WILL BE ICY AND SLICK
IN SPOTS.

NCZ001>003-018-019-VAZ007-009>020-022>024-032>035-WVZ042>044-507-
508-150445-
ASHE-ALLEGHANY NC-SURRY-WATAUGA-WILKES-TAZEWELL-SMYTH-BLAND-GILES-
WYTHE-PULASKI-MONTGOMERY-GRAYSON-CARROLL-FLOYD-CRAIG-ALLEGHANY VA-
BATH-ROANOKE-BOTETOURT-ROCKBRIDGE-PATRICK-FRANKLIN-BEDFORD-
AMHERST-MERCER-SUMMERS-MONROE-EASTERN GREENBRIER-
WESTERN GREENBRIER-
INCLUDING THE CITIES OF...WEST JEFFERSON...SPARTA...DOBSON...
BOONE...WILKESBORO...TAZEWELL...MARION...BLAND...PEARISBURG...
WYTHEVILLE...RADFORD...PULASKI...BLACKSBURG...INDEPENDENCE...
WHITETOP...TROUTDALE...VOLNEY...GALAX...FLOYD...NEW CASTLE...
CLIFTON FORGE...COVINGTON...HOT SPRINGS...ROANOKE...SALEM...
FINCASTLE...LEXINGTON...BUENA VISTA...STUART...ROCKY MOUNT...
BEDFORD...AMHERST...BLUEFIELD...FLAT TOP...HINTON...HIX...UNION...
LEWISBURG...WHITE SULPHUR SPRINGS...ALDERSON...QUINWOOD...DUO...
RAINELLE
900 PM EST SAT FEB 14 2015

...VERY WINDY AND COLD WITH SNOW SHOWERS TONIGHT...

SCATTERED TO NUMEROUS SNOW SHOWERS WILL CONTINUE ACROSS THE
MOUNTAINS OF SOUTHEAST WEST VIRGINIA...NORTHWEST NORTH CAROLINA
AND SOUTHWEST VIRGINIA OVERNIGHT. EXPECT WIDESPREAD BLOWING AND
DRIFTING SNOW. VISIBILITIES LESS THAN ONE HALF MILE ARE POSSIBLE
IN ANY OF THE HEAVIER SNOW SHOWERS. WIND GUSTS OF 40 TO 60 MPH
WILL BE COMMON...EVEN WHERE IT IS NOT SNOWING.

TEMPERATURES WILL CONTINUE TO PLUMMET THROUGH THE TEENS. HIGHER
ELEVATIONS WILL BE IN THE SINGLE DIGITS BY MIDNIGHT WITH WIND
CHILL VALUES FROM ZERO TO 15 BELOW ZERO.

USE CAUTION WHEN TRAVELING TONIGHT. ROADS WILL BE ICY AND SNOW
COVERED AT TIMES.
Local storm report, Feb 14, 9:05 PM EST, 10 minutes before
PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE BLACKSBURG VA
905 PM EST SAT FEB 14 2015

..TIME...   ...EVENT...      ...CITY LOCATION...     ...LAT.LON...
..DATE...   ....MAG....      ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

0815 PM     SNOW             TANNERSVILLE            36.97N  81.63W
02/14/2015  M2.5 INCH        TAZEWELL           VA   AMATEUR RADIO

&&

EVENT NUMBER RNK1500179

FISHER
Local storm report, Feb 14, 9:07 PM EST, 8 minutes before
PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE BLACKSBURG VA
907 PM EST SAT FEB 14 2015

..TIME...   ...EVENT...      ...CITY LOCATION...     ...LAT.LON...
..DATE...   ....MAG....      ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

0906 PM     SNOW             LYNCHBURG               37.41N  79.14W
02/14/2015  M0.3 INCH        CITY OF LYNCHBURG  VA   BROADCAST MEDIA

            WSET

&&

EVENT NUMBER RNK1500181

FISHER

The radar

The national radar mosaic for the moment the first event began.

Open the radar archive at this moment

Event by event

3 extreme cold/wind chill. Local standard time, as filed.

Extreme Cold/Wind Chill, Bath

When
February 14, 9:15 PM EST to February 15, 12:15 PM EST
Where
Bath forecast zone
Reported by
AWOS
Coordinates
38.059, -79.741 (the zone’s center; the record gives no point)

The AWOS at the Hot Springs Airport/Ingalls Field (KHSP) recorded dangerously low wind chill readings of -20F to -33F within this time frame.

Extreme Cold/Wind Chill, Grayson

When
February 15, 3:45 AM EST to 8:15 AM EST
Where
Grayson forecast zone
Reported by
Mesonet
Coordinates
36.657, -81.225 (the zone’s center; the record gives no point)

A weather station at the Grayson Highlands State Park recorded dangerously low wind chills of -20F or lower during this time frame.

Extreme Cold/Wind Chill, Smyth

When
February 15, 5:35 AM EST to 8:15 AM EST
Where
Smyth forecast zone
Reported by
AWOS
Coordinates
36.844, -81.537 (the zone’s center; the record gives no point)

The AWOS at the Marion-Wytheville Mountain Empire Airport recorded dangerously low wind chills readings of -20F periodically during this time frame.

What these are

Extreme Cold/Wind Chill
Temperatures or wind chills at or below the local warning criteria, or cold that caused deaths.

After NWS Directive 10-1605, the rules offices file Storm Data by.

The same day elsewhere

More

Every storm in Virginia in 2015Every state in 2015This day in weather historyWarnings in Virginia, February 2015

Sources

NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information, Storm Events Database, compiled from the National Weather Service’s monthly Storm Data. Complete through 2026-06; NCEI adds each month about 75 days after it ends and revises past years a few times a year. Rebuilt 2026-09-24. Each event’s entry at NCEI: 563070, 563071, 563072.