Numerous systems affecting the Tennessee valley earlier in the month set the stage widespread flash flooding and areal flooding across much of the region during the final week of 2015. Numerous roads across several counties we closed as very heavy, persistent rainfall prompted many rivers, streams, and low lying areas to flood.
Every event with a place to put it. Tap one for its entry below.
Deaths and injuries are direct and indirect together, as the offices filed them. Damage is property and crops in the dollars of the year, not adjusted for inflation, and only where an office estimated it.
The episode as NWS HUN wrote it up.
Numerous systems affecting the Tennessee valley earlier in the month set the stage widespread flash flooding and areal flooding across much of the region during the final week of 2015. Numerous roads across several counties we closed as very heavy, persistent rainfall prompted many rivers, streams, and low lying areas to flood. One fatality was reported during this end of the year flood event.
A stalled frontal boundary draped SW to NE laid across the area from the 21st through the 23rd, with several rounds of showers and storms that occurred during this time. It was this rainfall event that likely pushed the HSA over the edge for the Christmas Day/Dec. 26th flooding that would come just a few days later. SPORT LIS data showed that soil moisture across much of the Central and South/Eastern portions of the HSA was in excess of 60-70%, and when this occurs with normal rainfall events, a good 2 rainfall event will cause many tributaries that feed into the Tennessee River to flood. During this 3-day period, KMSL observed 1.03 , and KHSV measured 1.46 on top of already saturated soils across much of the Tennessee Valley, translating much of this rainfall immediately to runoff. Another stalled front, oriented SW to NE, was draped across the area by the time Christmas Day arrived. A few disturbances moved northeastward along the front, bringing several rounds of showers and a few storms to the HSA yet again. In fact, rainfall started in many locations late Christmas Eve night, and continued into Christmas Day. The rainfall continued all day and into the day after Christmas, with many locations receiving the heavier rainfall on the 26th. Most locations (except NW AL) received at least 3 , with several locations measuring between 6 and 10 inches FOR THE DAY.
Significant river flooding occurred as well.
The local office's own words before the first event, as it sent them, from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service text.
NWS Huntsville, AL wrote its last area forecast discussion before the first event at Dec 25, 5:33 AM CST, 5 hours 2 minutes earlier.
AREA FORECAST DISCUSSION NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE HUNTSVILLE AL 533 AM CST FRI DEC 25 2015 .UPDATE... FOR 12Z TAFS && .SHORT TERM (THROUGH SUNDAY)... /ISSUED 310 AM CST FRI DEC 25 2015/ ANOTHER TRICKY FORECAST THIS CHRISTMAS MORNING! AS OF 09Z A SHORTWAVE IS MOVING OUT OF THE GULF AS WELL AS THE SUBTROPICAL RIDGE NOSING NORTH. THESE WILL CONTINUE TO PUSH SHOWERS AND THUNDERSTORMS NORTH THROUGH THE AREA. PW VALUES UPWARDS OF 1.5 INCHES STREAMING IN FROM THE SOUTH COUPLED WITH SOME WEAK INSTABILITY WILL SUSTAIN THESE SHOWERS/THUNDERSTORMS AT LEAST IN THE VERY NEAR TERM. AFTER 10-12Z THIS MORNING...THE LLJ REALLY RAMPS UP FROM THE SOUTH AND SHEAR INCREASES QUICKLY TO 30-40KT AT 0-1KM. WITH DEW POINTS ALREADY INCHING UP AND REACHING INTO THE UPPER 60S THIS MORNING...INSTABILITY WILL QUICKLY INCREASE AS RESULT OF THAT AND HEATING WITH SUNRISE. ONCE THE ATMOSPHERE COMPLETELY SATURATES EARLY THIS AFTERNOON...INSTABILITY BECOMES MORE ELEVATED IN NATURE BUT WILL STILL BE SUFFICIENT TO SUPPORT THUNDERSTORMS. ALL OF THESE FACTORS WILL HELP SUSTAIN THE PREVIOUSLY MENTIONED SHOWERS AND HELP TO INITIATE NEW SHOWERS AND THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS THE CWA AND TO THE SOUTH AND MOVE SLOWLY NORTH-NORTHEAST. AT THE SAME TIME...THE FRONT THAT WENT THROUGH THE AREA THURSDAY MORNING MOVED BACK NORTH THURSDAY NIGHT. AS OF 09Z THIS FRONT LOOKS TO BE LOCATED ALONG THE MS/AR BORDER WITH A SOMEWHAT DISORGANIZED LINE OF SHOWERS/THUNDERSTORMS STRETCHING THROUGH EASTERN TN, DOWN THROUGH NW MS AND SE AR. TO NOTE...THE LINE IS PROGRESSING A BIT QUICKER THAN ORIGINALLY THOUGHT AND SEVERE STORMS ARE MOVING THROUGH CENTRAL MS AS OF 09Z. THIS TIMING WILL NEED TO BE MONITORED AS IT APPROACHES THE CWA. THE LOCAL AREA WILL CONTINUE TO BE ENTRENCHED IN A WARM AND MOIST WARM SECTOR AHEAD OF THIS FRONT. AS THE FRONT APPROACHES...THE QUESTION WHAT HAPPENS IF THESE TWO SYSTEMS MEET AND TIMING WILL BE CRUCIAL. LEANING OFF OF SPC'S DAY ONE GUIDANCE AND LOOKING AT THE NEWER HI RES RUNS (HRRR,RAP,NMM,ARW ALL SIMILAR)...THEY ARE ALL SUPPORTING A MORE ORGANIZED LINE OF THUNDERSTORMS BY 15-18Z. THIS IS LIKELY INDICATING A STRENGTHENING/INCREASING COVERAGE OF THE LINE THAT IS ALREADY IN CENTRAL MS. THERE WILL BE ENOUGH INSTABILITY/SHEAR TO SUSTAIN A SQUALL LINE AND EVEN SUPPORT A FEW ISOLATED THUNDERSTORMS AHEAD OF IT. MY CONCERN WOULD BE HOW SATURATED THE ENVIRONMENT IS AND IF THAT WILL LIMIT SOME OF THE INSTABILITY AND HOW STRONG THE THUNDERSTORMS GET. BUT IF THAT DOES NOT OCCUR...WE COULD SEE SOME EMBEDDED SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS IN THE LINE. DUE TO THE STRONG LOW LEVEL SHEAR...CANNOT RULE OUT A TORNADO BUT THE THREAT FOR THAT SEEMS LOW OVERALL. REGARDLESS...ALL THUNDERSTORMS TODAY WILL BE EFFICIENT RAIN PRODUCERS WITH PW UPWARDS OF 1.5-2 INCHES POSSIBLE. AS WELL...THE STRONG SW FLOW ALOFT IS PARALLEL BOTH TO THE NORTHWARD MOVING SHORTWAVE THIS MORNING AND THE FRONTAL BOUNDARY THIS AFTERNOON. THIS WILL LEAD TO TRAINING OF SHOWERS AND THUNDERSTORMS THAT DO DEVELOP. THIS CONTINUES TO SUPPORT THE FLOOD WATCH THAT IS IN EFFECT LEADING TO RIVER FLOODING ISSUES AND MOST LIKELY A FEW INSTANCES OF FLASH FLOODING. THE ISSUE THEN BECOMES WHAT HAPPENS AFTER ABOUT 21-00Z. THE FRONT WILL WASH OUT/STALL AT SOME POINT WITH HIRES GUIDANCE WANTING TO PUSH THE FRONT AND THE LINE OF THUNDERSTORMS THROUGH MUCH OF OUR AREA BEFORE STALLING. ON THE OTHER HAND THE GLOBAL MODELS/NAM WANT TO KEEP THE BULK OF THE PRECIP IN OUR NW COUNTIES BEFORE WASHING OUT. EVENTUALLY OVERNIGHT THE SUBTROPICAL RIDGE AS IT CONTINUES TO BUILD WILL PUSH THE FRONT BACK NORTH AGAIN WITH CONTINUED SHOWERS ALONG IT AND MAYBE A FEW THUNDERSTORMS SINCE INSTABILITY AND SHEAR WILL BE WEAKER AT THIS TIME. QPF FOR TODAY THROUGH SATURDAY IS TRICKY BECAUSE OF WHERE THE BOUNDARIES ULTIMATELY SET UP AND WHAT HAPPENS WITH THE FRONT. OUTSIDE OF THE HIRES MODELS...HIGHEST AMOUNTS STILL LOOK TO BE IN THE NORTHWESTERN HALF OF THE CWA BUT IF THE FRONT SINKS FARTHER SOUTH...THE WHOLE AREA WILL SEE MORE QPF. RIGHT NOW GENERAL AVERAGE AMOUNTS FOR TOTAL RAINFALL IS ABOUT 1 - 2.5 INCHES (AFTER 12Z FRIDAY) BUT THAT IS AN AVERAGE...LOCALLY HIGHER AMOUNTS WILL OCCUR. WITH CONTINUED MOIST SOUTHERLY FLOW AND ISENTROPIC UPGLIDE OVER THE AREA SATURDAY AND INTO SUNDAY...IT IS HARD TO MAKE A CASE FOR LOWERING POPS ANYTHING BELOW CHANCE. SUNDAY LOOKS A LITTLE DRIER AS THE NEXT SYSTEM STARTS TO WRAP UP AND MOVE EAST...SO DID LOWER TO SLIGHT CHANCE ON THIS FORECAST UPDATE. BUT THE WEEKEND LOOKS TO CONSIST OF SCATTERED LIGHT TO MODERATE RAIN SHOWERS. RECORD BREAKING WARMTH WILL CONTINUE THIS WEEKEND WITH HIGHS TODAY IN THE LOWER 70S... SATURDAY INTO THE MIDDLE 70S AND SUNDAY MAYBE A DEG OR TWO COOLER. LOWS EACH NIGHT WILL BE IN THE MIDDLE TO UPPER 60S WHICH IS WELL ABOVE THE NORMAL HIGHS FOR THIS TIME OF YEAR (LOWER 50S). LN .LONG TERM (SUNDAY NIGHT THROUGH FRIDAY NIGHT)... MODELS ARE BECOMING MORE CONSISTENT IN THEIR PLACEMENT OF THE SYSTEM FOR THE UPCOMING WEEK. THE UPPER LOW CUTS OFF OVER EASTERN TEXAS WITH THE ECMWF DEEPER BY AROUND 10MB AT 12Z MONDAY. THE WARM FRONT WILL LIKELY DEVELOP TO THE NORTH OF THE AREA BUT WITH ISENTROPIC LIFT AND A LLJ FROM THE SOUTH...SHOWERS WILL STILL BE POSSIBLE SUNDAY NIGHT AHEAD OF THE MAIN SYSTEM. LOOKS LIKE THE BULK OF THE RAINFALL WILL BE BETWEEN 12-18Z MONDAY WITH GFS DRY AFTER 00Z AND THE ECMWF DRY AFTER 06Z TUES...SO STILL SOME TIMING DIFFERENCES. THUNDERSTORMS WILL BE LIKELY ALONG THIS LINE BUT THE QUESTION WILL BE HOW STRONG/SEVERE THEY GET. ONCE AGAIN...THE BULK OF THE UPPER SUPPORT STAYS WELL TO OUR NORTH (GFS KEEPS IT FARTHER SOUTH/CLOSER TO THE AREA). BUT WITH SUFFICIENT SHEAR...AT LEAST MODERATE CAPE FOR THIS TIME OF YEAR AND A STRONG SURFACE BOUNDARY...STRONG TO POTENTIALLY SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ARE POSSIBLE. IT WILL ULTIMATELY DEPEND ON THE LIFT AND IF IT CAN COINCIDE WITH THE WARM SECTOR AND LLJ. WIND...OUTSIDE OF THUNDERSTORMS...WILL BE AN ISSUE AS WELL. GUSTS AROUND 25 MPH ARE FORECAST NOT BUT WILL NOT BE SURPRISED IF THAT INCREASES AS WE GET CLOSER. SHOULD BE DRY TUE AND MOST OF WED UNTIL ANOTHER BOUNDARY SETS UP OVER THE SOUTHEAST STATES WHICH MAY OR MAY NOT IMPACT THE REGION...DUE TO VARIOUS DIFFERENCES IN GUIDANCE. DRY CONDITIONS ONCE AGAIN EXPECTED THU EVENING INTO SATURDAY. TEMPERATURES WILL FINALLY BEGIN TO FALL ON TUESDAY BEHIND THE COLD FRONT AND HIGHS WILL ONLY GET INTO THE MIDDLE TO UPPER 50S AND CONTINUE TO FALL THROUGH THE WEEK WITH HIGHS FRIDAY IN THE UPPER 40S. LOWS WILL FOLLOW A SIMILAR PATTERN AND FALL INTO THE UPPER 40S MONDAY NIGHT AND DOWN TO THE LOWER 30S THURSDAY NIGHT. LN && .AVIATION... FOR 12Z TAFS...A STALLED BOUNDARY OVER NW MS AND GOOD 8H FLOW OUT OF THE GULF OF MEXICO WILL SET THE STAGE FOR A HVY RAIN EVENT OVER THE TN VALLEY TODAY AND TONIGHT. THERE WILL ALSO BE ENOUGH LOW LEVEL SHEAR/CAPES FOR SCT TSRA. RADARS ARE SHOWING SHRA/TSRA ARE INCREASING IN AREAL COVERAGE ATTM AND EXPECT THIS TREND TO CONTINUE FOR THE REST OF THE MRNG AND AFTN. THE SHRA/TSRA ACTIVITY SHOULD BEGIN TO DIMINISH AFTER 06Z. EXPECT MAINLY MVFR AND IFR CONDITIONS THRU THE FCST PERIOD FOR BOTH KMSL AND KHSV. 007 && .HUN WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES... AL...FLOOD WATCH THROUGH LATE TONIGHT FOR ALZ001>010-016. TN...FLOOD WATCH THROUGH LATE TONIGHT FOR TNZ076-096-097. && FOR MORE INFORMATION PLEASE VISIT OUR WEBSITE AT WEATHER.GOV/HUNTSVILLE.
HAZARDOUS WEATHER OUTLOOK NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE HUNTSVILLE AL 400 AM CST FRI DEC 25 2015 ALZ001>010-016-TNZ076-096-097-252300- LAUDERDALE-COLBERT-FRANKLIN AL-LAWRENCE-LIMESTONE-MADISON-MORGAN- MARSHALL-JACKSON-DEKALB-CULLMAN-MOORE-LINCOLN-FRANKLIN TN- 400 AM CST FRI DEC 25 2015 THIS HAZARDOUS WEATHER OUTLOOK IS FOR NORTH CENTRAL ALABAMA... NORTHEAST ALABAMA...NORTHWEST ALABAMA AND SOUTHERN MIDDLE TENNESSEE. .DAY ONE...TODAY AND TONIGHT... A HEAVY RAIN EVENT WILL BE POSSIBLE TODAY AND TONIGHT WITH 1 TO 3 INCHES OF RAIN...WITH HIGHER AMOUNTS POSSIBLE BY SATURDAY MORNING. AS A RESULT A FLOOD WATCH IS IN EFFECT FROM THIS MORNING THROUGH 6 AM SATURDAY MORNING. IN ADDITION TO THE THREAT FOR FLOODING...SOME THUNDERSTORMS MAY BE STRONG TO SEVERE WITH DAMAGING WIND GUSTS THE MAIN THREAT. HOWEVER A BRIEF TORNADO CAN NOT BE RULED OUT...ALTHOUGH THE OVERALL THREAT OF TORNADOES WILL BE LOW. .DAYS TWO THROUGH SEVEN...SATURDAY THROUGH THURSDAY... SCATTERED THUNDERSTORM ACTIVITY IS EXPECTED FOR SATURDAY AND SATURDAY NIGHT. HOWEVER...ANOTHER ROBUST STORM SYSTEM IS EXPECTED TO IMPACT THE AREA BEGINNING PERHAPS AS EARLY AS SUNDAY...WITH EFFECTS LINGERING INTO EARLY NEXT WEEK. A FEW THUNDERSTORMS DURING THIS PERIOD COULD BE STRONG TO SEVERE. .SPOTTER CALL TO ACTION STATEMENT... ACTIVATION OF STORM SPOTTERS AND EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT PERSONNEL MAY BE NEEDED LATER THIS MORNING THROUGH THE EVENING.
SPECIAL WEATHER STATEMENT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE HUNTSVILLE AL
854 AM CST FRI DEC 25 2015
ALZ004>007-251600-
MORGAN AL-MADISON AL-LAWRENCE AL-LIMESTONE AL-
854 AM CST FRI DEC 25 2015
...SIGNIFICANT WEATHER ADVISORY FOR WESTERN MORGAN...NORTHWESTERN
MADISON...LAWRENCE AND LIMESTONE COUNTIES UNTIL 1000 AM CST...
AT 854 AM CST...DOPPLER RADAR INDICATED A LINE OF STRONG
THUNDERSTORMS ALONG A LINE EXTENDING FROM 7 MILES NORTH OF ATHENS TO
6 MILES SOUTHWEST OF MOULTON...AND MOVING EAST AT 45 MPH.
WIND GUSTS UP TO 50 MPH WILL BE POSSIBLE WITH THESE STORMS.
LOCATIONS IMPACTED INCLUDE...
HUNTSVILLE...DECATUR...MADISON...ATHENS...HARTSELLE...MOULTON...
REDSTONE ARSENAL...MOORES MILL...MERIDIANVILLE AND HAZEL GREEN.
PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...
LOCALLY HEAVY RAINFALL IS ALSO OCCURRING WITH THESE STORMS...AND MAY
LEAD TO MINOR FLOODING ON ROADS AND IN LOW LYING AREAS. DO NOT DRIVE
YOUR VEHICLE THROUGH FLOODED ROADWAYS.
&&
LAT...LON 3499 8633 3431 8696 3434 8753 3442 8753
3500 8708
TIME...MOT...LOC 1454Z 289DEG 40KT 3490 8694 3442 8739
07SPECIAL WEATHER STATEMENT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE HUNTSVILLE AL
912 AM CST FRI DEC 25 2015
ALZ008>010-251615-
MARSHALL AL-DE KALB AL-JACKSON AL-
912 AM CST FRI DEC 25 2015
...SIGNIFICANT WEATHER ADVISORY FOR NORTHEASTERN MARSHALL...
NORTHEASTERN DE KALB AND JACKSON COUNTIES UNTIL 1015 AM CST...
AT 911 AM CST...DOPPLER RADAR INDICATED A LINE OF STRONG
THUNDERSTORMS ALONG A LINE EXTENDING FROM NEAR SOUTH PITTSBURG TO
WOODVILLE...AND MOVING EAST AT 50 MPH.
WIND GUSTS UP TO 50 MPH WILL BE POSSIBLE WITH THESE STORMS.
LOCATIONS IMPACTED INCLUDE...
SCOTTSBORO...FORT PAYNE...RAINSVILLE...BRIDGEPORT...HENAGAR...
STEVENSON...SYLVANIA...HOLLYWOOD...POWELL AND GRANT.
PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...
LOCALLY HEAVY RAINFALL IS ALSO OCCURRING WITH THESE STORMS...AND MAY
LEAD TO MINOR FLOODING ON ROADS AND IN LOW LYING AREAS. DO NOT DRIVE
YOUR VEHICLE THROUGH FLOODED ROADWAYS.
&&
LAT...LON 3449 8556 3451 8639 3452 8633 3456 8631
3457 8633 3459 8630 3460 8633 3462 8633
3499 8592 3498 8561 3454 8551
TIME...MOT...LOC 1511Z 270DEG 43KT 3504 8580 3461 8629
STUMPFPRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE HUNTSVILLE AL
935 AM CST FRI DEC 25 2015
..TIME... ...EVENT... ...CITY LOCATION... ...LAT.LON...
..DATE... ....MAG.... ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
..REMARKS..
0923 AM FLOOD 4 NNW MADISON 34.75N 86.76W
12/25/2015 MADISON AL PUBLIC
KNOX CREEK FLOWING OVER US HIGHWAY 72 NEAR MADISON
HOSPITAL IN MADISON. RELAYED FROM SOCIAL MEDIA.
0925 AM FLOOD 6 WNW HUNTSVILLE 34.77N 86.68W
12/25/2015 MADISON AL PUBLIC
DRY CREEK FLOWING OVER THE BRIDGE ON PLUMMER ROAD WEST OF
RESEARCH PARK BLVD.
&&
BCCSPECIAL WEATHER STATEMENT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE HUNTSVILLE AL
938 AM CST FRI DEC 25 2015
ALZ006>009-016-251630-
CULLMAN AL-MARSHALL AL-MORGAN AL-MADISON AL-JACKSON AL-
938 AM CST FRI DEC 25 2015
...SIGNIFICANT WEATHER ADVISORY FOR NORTHEASTERN CULLMAN...
MARSHALL...SOUTHEASTERN MORGAN...SOUTHEASTERN MADISON AND
SOUTHWESTERN JACKSON COUNTIES UNTIL 1030 AM CST...
AT 938 AM CST...DOPPLER RADAR INDICATED A STRONG THUNDERSTORM NEAR
ARAB...MOVING NORTHEAST AT 45 MPH.
WIND GUSTS UP TO 50 MPH WILL BE POSSIBLE WITH THIS STORM.
LOCATIONS IMPACTED INCLUDE...
SCOTTSBORO...GUNTERSVILLE...ARAB...GRANT...SECTION...WOODVILLE...
BAILEYTON...PLEASANT GROVES...LANGSTON AND UNION GROVE.
PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...
LOCALLY HEAVY RAINFALL IS ALSO OCCURRING WITH THIS STORM...AND MAY
LEAD TO MINOR FLOODING ON ROADS AND IN LOW LYING AREAS. DO NOT DRIVE
YOUR VEHICLE THROUGH FLOODED ROADWAYS.
&&
LAT...LON 3447 8603 3447 8606 3442 8611 3423 8642
3426 8644 3426 8649 3425 8650 3425 8652
3423 8652 3420 8655 3421 8656 3431 8671
3478 8616 3455 8591
TIME...MOT...LOC 1538Z 231DEG 39KT 3429 8658
STUMPFPRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE HUNTSVILLE AL
1005 AM CST FRI DEC 25 2015
..TIME... ...EVENT... ...CITY LOCATION... ...LAT.LON...
..DATE... ....MAG.... ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
..REMARKS..
0930 AM FLOOD 4 NNE ARAB 34.36N 86.46W
12/25/2015 MARSHALL AL EMERGENCY MNGR
INTERSECTION OF GLENDALE ROAD AT EDDY SCANT CITY ROAD IS
FLOODED AND CLOSED.
0945 AM FLOOD 5 E MOULTON 34.49N 87.20W
12/25/2015 LAWRENCE AL EMERGENCY MNGR
WATER RESCUE FROM A TRAILER ALONG COUNTY ROAD 220.
0945 AM FLOOD HARTSELLE 34.44N 86.94W
12/25/2015 MORGAN AL PUBLIC
WATER COVERING YARDS AND MOVING INTO HOMES
&&
BCCPRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE HUNTSVILLE AL
1018 AM CST FRI DEC 25 2015
..TIME... ...EVENT... ...CITY LOCATION... ...LAT.LON...
..DATE... ....MAG.... ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
..REMARKS..
0945 AM FLOOD 3 S FRENCH MILL 34.73N 86.88W
12/25/2015 LIMESTONE AL COUNTY OFFICIAL
INTERSECTION OF MOORESVILLE RD AND BROWNSFERRY RD FLOODED
AND IMPASSABLE. RELAYED FROM COUNTY SOCIAL MEDIA.
&&
BCCThe Northeast Alabama radar (KHTX), 33 km away, was scanning. The volume nearest the first event began at 16:34 UTC.
1 flash flood. Local standard time, as filed.
Eight inches of water over Old Estill Springs Road near Decherd Boulevard.
After NWS Directive 10-1605, the rules offices file Storm Data by.
Every storm in Tennessee in 2015Every state in 2015This day in weather historyWarnings in Tennessee, December 2015
NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information, Storm Events Database, compiled from the National Weather Service’s monthly Storm Data. Complete through 2026-06; NCEI adds each month about 75 days after it ends and revises past years a few times a year. Rebuilt 2026-09-24. Each event’s entry at NCEI: 610100.