Alert archive / Missouri / Tornado Watches in 2026
Tornado Watch 130
The Storm Prediction Center issued this tornado watch at Apr 17, 2026, 1:40 PM CDT for 40 counties in Kansas; 46 counties in Missouri; 22 counties in Oklahoma. It was in force for 7 hr.
The area
The outline as issued.
The facts
- Issued
- Apr 17, 2026, 1:40 PM CDT (18:40 UTC)
- Expired
- Apr 17, 2026, 9:00 PM CDT
- In force
- 7 hr
- Issued by
- the Storm Prediction Center
- Largest hail expected
- 4 in
- Strongest gust expected
- 75 kt
All 108 counties
Allen County, KS, Anderson County, KS, Atchison County, KS, Barber County, KS, Bourbon County, KS, Brown County, KS, Butler County, KS, Chase County, KS, Chautauqua County, KS, Cherokee County, KS, Coffey County, KS, Cowley County, KS, Crawford County, KS, Doniphan County, KS, Douglas County, KS, Elk County, KS, Franklin County, KS, Greenwood County, KS, Harper County, KS, Harvey County, KS, Jackson County, KS, Jefferson County, KS, Johnson County, KS, Labette County, KS, Leavenworth County, KS, Linn County, KS, Lyon County, KS, Marion County, KS, Miami County, KS, Montgomery County, KS, Morris County, KS, Neosho County, KS, Osage County, KS, Sedgwick County, KS, Shawnee County, KS, Sumner County, KS, Wabaunsee County, KS, Wilson County, KS, Woodson County, KS, Wyandotte County, KS, Adair County, MO, Andrew County, MO, Barton County, MO, Bates County, MO, Benton County, MO, Buchanan County, MO, Caldwell County, MO, Camden County, MO, Carroll County, MO, Cass County, MO, Cedar County, MO, Chariton County, MO, Clay County, MO, Clinton County, MO, Cooper County, MO, Daviess County, MO, DeKalb County, MO, Gentry County, MO, Grundy County, MO, Harrison County, MO, Henry County, MO, Hickory County, MO, Holt County, MO, Howard County, MO, Jackson County, MO, Johnson County, MO, Lafayette County, MO, Linn County, MO, Livingston County, MO, Macon County, MO, Maries County, MO, Mercer County, MO, Miller County, MO, Morgan County, MO, Nodaway County, MO, Pettis County, MO, Platte County, MO, Putnam County, MO, Randolph County, MO, Ray County, MO, Saline County, MO, Schuyler County, MO, St. Clair County, MO, Sullivan County, MO, Vernon County, MO, Worth County, MO, Alfalfa County, OK, Beckham County, OK, Blaine County, OK, Custer County, OK, Dewey County, OK, Ellis County, OK, Garfield County, OK, Grant County, OK, Kay County, OK, Kingfisher County, OK, Logan County, OK, Major County, OK, Noble County, OK, Nowata County, OK, Osage County, OK, Pawnee County, OK, Payne County, OK, Roger Mills County, OK, Washington County, OK, Washita County, OK, Woods County, OK, Woodward County, OK
The radar
The Pleasant Hill radar (KEAX), 84 km from the middle of the area, began a volume at 18:43 UTC, the scan nearest the moment this went out.
Open the radar archive at this moment
The archived warnings, watches and discussions in force at that minute are drawn over the scan, this one among them.
What SPC expected
The probabilities SPC published with the watch, for the watch area over its life.
- Two or more tornadoes
- 60%
- One or more EF2 to EF5 tornadoes
- 30%
- Ten or more severe wind reports
- 80%
- One or more gusts of 65 knots or more
- 60%
- Ten or more severe hail reports
- 60%
- One or more hailstones of 2 inches or more
- 60%
- Six or more combined severe hail and wind reports
- 95%
Warnings issued inside it
141 tornado, severe thunderstorm and flash flood warnings for its counties while it was in force.
| Issued | Product | Office | Counties | Lasted |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Apr 17, 1:53 PM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | ICT | Harvey, Sedgwick | 52 min |
| Apr 17, 2:03 PM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | EAX | Gentry, Nodaway | 42 min |
| Apr 17, 2:09 PM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | ICT | Butler, Marion | 51 min |
| Apr 17, 2:12 PM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | ICT | Harper | 48 min |
| Apr 17, 2:13 PM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | TOP | Jackson, Jefferson | 32 min |
| Apr 17, 2:18 PM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | ICT | Butler, Chase | 42 min |
| Apr 17, 2:22 PM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | ICT | Sedgwick, Sumner | 38 min |
| Apr 17, 2:27 PM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | EAX | Atchison, Doniphan | 48 min |
| Apr 17, 2:27 PM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | EAX | Caldwell, Carroll, Daviess, Grundy, Livingston, Ray | 48 min |
| Apr 17, 2:30 PM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | TOP | Lyon, Morris | 45 min |
| Apr 17, 2:31 PM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | EAX | Caldwell, Daviess, Grundy | 44 min |
| Apr 17, 2:32 PM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | OUN | Woodward | 43 min |
| Apr 17, 2:33 PM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | EAX | Gentry, Harrison | 42 min |
| Apr 17, 2:34 PM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | EAX | Howard, Randolph | 41 min |
| Apr 17, 2:35 PM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | EAX | Gentry, Harrison, Worth | 40 min |
| Apr 17, 2:38 PM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | EAX | Atchison, Doniphan | 37 min |
| Apr 17, 2:40 PM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | EAX | Caldwell, Ray | 35 min |
| Apr 17, 2:44 PM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | ICT | Harvey, Sedgwick | 18 min |
| Apr 17, 2:46 PM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | ICT | Butler, Chautauqua, Cowley, Elk, Greenwood | 59 min |
| Apr 17, 2:47 PM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | EAX | Doniphan | 28 min |
| Apr 17, 2:47 PM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | EAX | Ray | 28 min |
| Apr 17, 2:47 PM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | OUN | Woodward | 28 min |
| Apr 17, 2:51 PM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | EAX | Daviess, Grundy, Linn, Livingston, Mercer, Putnam and 1 more | 39 min |
| Apr 17, 2:53 PM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | ICT | Sedgwick, Sumner | 67 min |
| Apr 17, 2:55 PM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | ICT | Butler, Chase, Greenwood, Marion | 65 min |
| Apr 17, 2:55 PM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | EAX | Gentry, Grundy, Harrison, Mercer, Worth | 50 min |
| Apr 17, 2:57 PM CDT | Tornado Warning | EAX | Atchison | 33 min |
| Apr 17, 2:59 PM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | EAX | Randolph | 31 min |
| Apr 17, 3:07 PM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | EAX | Atchison, Doniphan | 38 min |
| Apr 17, 3:07 PM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | OUN | Major, Woods, Woodward | 38 min |
| Apr 17, 3:09 PM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | EAX | Caldwell, Carroll, Daviess, Livingston | 51 min |
| Apr 17, 3:10 PM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | TOP | Lyon, Osage, Shawnee, Wabaunsee | 35 min |
| Apr 17, 3:11 PM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | EAX | Andrew, Buchanan, Clinton, Daviess, DeKalb, Gentry and 1 more | 64 min |
| Apr 17, 3:14 PM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | EAX | Mercer, Putnam | 31 min |
| Apr 17, 3:23 PM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | TOP | Coffey, Lyon | 37 min |
| Apr 17, 3:25 PM CDT | Tornado Warning | EAX | Buchanan, Clinton, Platte | 20 min |
| Apr 17, 3:26 PM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | EAX | Mercer, Putnam, Sullivan | 49 min |
| Apr 17, 3:26 PM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | OUN | Alfalfa, Grant | 49 min |
| Apr 17, 3:27 PM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | ICT | Harper | 63 min |
| Apr 17, 3:33 PM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | EAX | Grundy, Mercer, Sullivan | 27 min |
| Apr 17, 3:33 PM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | EAX | Harrison, Mercer, Putnam | 57 min |
| Apr 17, 3:37 PM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | OUN | Alfalfa, Woods | 23 min |
| Apr 17, 3:39 PM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | EAX | Atchison, Leavenworth | 42 min |
| Apr 17, 3:39 PM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | ICT | Allen, Labette, Montgomery, Neosho, Wilson, Woodson | 66 min |
| Apr 17, 3:39 PM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | EAX | Grundy, Linn, Livingston, Mercer, Sullivan | 36 min |
| Apr 17, 3:41 PM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | TOP | Douglas, Franklin, Osage, Shawnee | 34 min |
| Apr 17, 3:45 PM CDT | Tornado Warning | EAX | Grundy, Linn, Livingston, Sullivan | 45 min |
| Apr 17, 3:51 PM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | EAX | Buchanan, Caldwell, Clinton, Daviess, DeKalb | 39 min |
| Apr 17, 3:52 PM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | TOP | Coffey, Lyon, Osage | 23 min |
| Apr 17, 3:53 PM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | ICT | Harper, Sumner | 67 min |
| Apr 17, 3:56 PM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | ICT | Butler, Cowley, Sedgwick | 64 min |
| Apr 17, 3:56 PM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | EAX | Grundy, Linn, Livingston, Mercer, Sullivan | 64 min |
| Apr 17, 3:58 PM CDT | Tornado Warning | TOP | Coffey, Osage | 19 min |
| Apr 17, 4:08 PM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | EAX | Adair, Mercer, Putnam, Schuyler, Sullivan | 52 min |
| Apr 17, 4:11 PM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | TOP | Douglas | 34 min |
| Apr 17, 4:12 PM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | TOP | Anderson, Coffey, Franklin, Osage | 33 min |
| Apr 17, 4:20 PM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | EAX | Caldwell, Clinton, Daviess, DeKalb, Grundy, Livingston | 40 min |
| Apr 17, 4:22 PM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | TOP | Anderson, Franklin, Osage | 23 min |
| Apr 17, 4:23 PM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | OUN | Alfalfa, Grant | 52 min |
| Apr 17, 4:24 PM CDT | Tornado Warning | EAX | Adair, Linn, Macon, Sullivan | 37 min |
| Apr 17, 4:26 PM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | OUN | Major, Woodward | 49 min |
| Apr 17, 4:27 PM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | EAX | Johnson | 48 min |
| Apr 17, 4:32 PM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | ICT | Neosho | 27 min |
| Apr 17, 4:35 PM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | EAX | Johnson, Linn, Miami | 40 min |
| Apr 17, 4:42 PM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | TOP | Anderson, Franklin | 16 min |
| Apr 17, 4:43 PM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | TOP | Douglas | 17 min |
| Apr 17, 4:44 PM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | EAX | Johnson, Leavenworth, Wyandotte | 46 min |
| Apr 17, 4:46 PM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | SGF | Bourbon, Crawford | 44 min |
| Apr 17, 4:53 PM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | EAX | Adair, Caldwell, Daviess, Grundy, Linn, Livingston and 2 more | 52 min |
| Apr 17, 4:56 PM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | OUN | Alfalfa, Major, Woods | 49 min |
| Apr 17, 4:57 PM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | ICT | Butler, Cowley | 48 min |
| Apr 17, 4:58 PM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | EAX | Caldwell, Daviess, Grundy, Livingston | 33 min |
| Apr 17, 4:59 PM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | EAX | Adair, Macon, Putnam, Schuyler | 46 min |
| Apr 17, 5:00 PM CDT | Flash Flood Warning | SGF | Bourbon, Crawford | 6 hr |
| Apr 17, 5:02 PM CDT | Flash Flood Warning | EAX | Johnson, Wyandotte | 3 hr |
| Apr 17, 5:02 PM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | EAX | Bates, Cass, Jackson | 58 min |
| Apr 17, 5:04 PM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | ICT | Allen, Elk, Greenwood, Neosho, Wilson, Woodson | 56 min |
| Apr 17, 5:10 PM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | OUN | Grant | 50 min |
| Apr 17, 5:11 PM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | EAX | Bates, Caldwell, Carroll, Cass, Clay, Henry and 4 more | 79 min |
| Apr 17, 5:13 PM CDT | Tornado Warning | EAX | Johnson, Miami | 32 min |
| Apr 17, 5:17 PM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | EAX | Johnson, Miami, Wyandotte | 28 min |
| Apr 17, 5:22 PM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | SGF | Bourbon | 38 min |
| Apr 17, 5:23 PM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | EAX | Adair, Chariton, Linn, Livingston, Macon, Randolph | 67 min |
| Apr 17, 5:24 PM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | ICT | Elk, Greenwood | 33 min |
| Apr 17, 5:25 PM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | EAX | Clay, Jackson | 35 min |
| Apr 17, 5:25 PM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | OUN | Alfalfa, Garfield, Grant, Major | 50 min |
| Apr 17, 5:37 PM CDT | Flash Flood Warning | SGF | Vernon | 6 hr |
| Apr 17, 5:39 PM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | TOP | Anderson | 21 min |
| Apr 17, 5:39 PM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | EAX | Bates, Henry | 66 min |
| Apr 17, 5:43 PM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | EAX | Adair, Macon, Schuyler | 47 min |
| Apr 17, 5:43 PM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | OUN | Grant | 11 min |
| Apr 17, 5:44 PM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | OUN | Garfield, Major | 31 min |
| Apr 17, 5:46 PM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | EAX | Linn, Miami | 44 min |
| Apr 17, 5:47 PM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | EAX | Caldwell, Carroll, Chariton, Lafayette, Livingston, Ray and 1 more | 43 min |
| Apr 17, 5:50 PM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | OUN | Kay | 20 min |
| Apr 17, 6:01 PM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | EAX | Johnson, Lafayette, Pettis, Saline | 30 min |
| Apr 17, 6:02 PM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | OUN | Garfield, Grant, Kay, Noble | 43 min |
| Apr 17, 6:04 PM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | ICT | Cowley, Sumner | 56 min |
| Apr 17, 6:11 PM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | SGF | St. Clair | 49 min |
| Apr 17, 6:12 PM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | OUN | Garfield, Grant, Noble | 48 min |
| Apr 17, 6:19 PM CDT | Tornado Warning | SGF | St. Clair | 41 min |
| Apr 17, 6:20 PM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | EAX | Carroll, Chariton, Howard, Linn, Macon, Randolph and 1 more | 42 min |
| Apr 17, 6:21 PM CDT | Tornado Warning | EAX | Bates | 24 min |
| Apr 17, 6:30 PM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | EAX | Bates, Cass, Henry | 45 min |
| Apr 17, 6:36 PM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | OUN | Grant, Kay | 24 min |
| Apr 17, 6:39 PM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | OUN | Blaine, Dewey, Major | 51 min |
| Apr 17, 6:41 PM CDT | Tornado Warning | SGF | Benton | 49 min |
| Apr 17, 6:47 PM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | SGF | Cedar, St. Clair, Vernon | 43 min |
| Apr 17, 6:49 PM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | OUN | Garfield, Grant, Kay, Noble | 41 min |
| Apr 17, 6:53 PM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | OUN | Kay | 40 min |
| Apr 17, 6:54 PM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | TSA | Osage, Pawnee | 51 min |
| Apr 17, 6:55 PM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | SGF | Benton, Hickory, St. Clair | 35 min |
| Apr 17, 6:57 PM CDT | Tornado Warning | OUN | Kay | 27 min |
| Apr 17, 7:04 PM CDT | Tornado Warning | TSA | Osage | 26 min |
| Apr 17, 7:05 PM CDT | Tornado Warning | EAX | Henry | 25 min |
| Apr 17, 7:07 PM CDT | Flash Flood Warning | SGF | St. Clair | 6 hr |
| Apr 17, 7:08 PM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | OUN | Dewey, Major, Woodward | 52 min |
| Apr 17, 7:10 PM CDT | Tornado Warning | SGF | Benton | 35 min |
| Apr 17, 7:16 PM CDT | Tornado Warning | SGF | Benton, Hickory, St. Clair | 29 min |
| Apr 17, 7:16 PM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | OUN | Blaine, Kingfisher, Major | 44 min |
| Apr 17, 7:22 PM CDT | Tornado Warning | TSA | Osage | 23 min |
| Apr 17, 7:24 PM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | OUN | Dewey, Ellis, Roger Mills | 51 min |
| Apr 17, 7:30 PM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | SGF | Camden, Miller, Morgan | 45 min |
| Apr 17, 7:33 PM CDT | Flash Flood Warning | SGF | Benton | 6 hr |
| Apr 17, 7:35 PM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | OUN | Garfield, Kingfisher, Logan | 40 min |
| Apr 17, 7:36 PM CDT | Tornado Warning | SGF | Benton, Camden, Miller, Morgan | 39 min |
| Apr 17, 7:38 PM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | TSA | Nowata, Osage, Washington | 52 min |
| Apr 17, 7:43 PM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | OUN | Dewey | 47 min |
| Apr 17, 7:49 PM CDT | Tornado Warning | TSA | Osage | 26 min |
| Apr 17, 7:55 PM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | OUN | Blaine, Dewey | 50 min |
| Apr 17, 8:00 PM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | EAX | Cooper | 27 min |
| Apr 17, 8:07 PM CDT | Tornado Warning | TSA | Osage, Washington | 23 min |
| Apr 17, 8:09 PM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | SGF | Camden, Maries, Miller, Phelps | 51 min |
| Apr 17, 8:09 PM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | OUN | Blaine, Dewey | 51 min |
| Apr 17, 8:12 PM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | OUN | Garfield, Logan, Noble, Payne | 48 min |
| Apr 17, 8:22 PM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | OUN | Beckham, Custer, Roger Mills, Washita | 53 min |
| Apr 17, 8:29 PM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | OUN | Kingfisher | 46 min |
| Apr 17, 8:38 PM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | OUN | Blaine, Canadian, Custer, Dewey | 67 min |
| Apr 17, 8:41 PM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | TSA | Creek, Pawnee | 34 min |
| Apr 17, 8:53 PM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | OUN | Noble, Payne | 37 min |
| Apr 17, 8:57 PM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | SGF | Cherokee, Crawford | 48 min |
Discussions around it
SPC mesoscale discussions over the same counties from four hours before the watch to its end.
The nearest sounding before it
Topeka, KS (KTOP), launched 12:00Z, 6.7 hours before the alert went out and 55 km from the middle of its area. This is the routine balloon launch nearest before it, the air the forecaster had in hand, not a measurement taken for the alert.
- Mixed-layer CAPE
- 2338 J/kg
- Mixed-layer CIN
- -172 J/kg
- Mixed-layer LCL
- 934 m above ground
- 0-6 km bulk shear
- 44 kt
- 0-1 km storm-relative helicity
- 379 m²/s²
- 0-3 km storm-relative helicity
- 354 m²/s²
- Significant tornado parameter
- 0.8
- Supercell composite
- 16.5
SPC that day
Everything else SPC issued on the same UTC day.
| Issued | Product | Office | Counties | Lasted |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Apr 17, 12:42 PM CDT | Mesoscale Discussion | SPC | Allen, Anderson, Atchison, Barber, Bourbon, Brown and 42 more | 3 hr |
| Apr 17, 3:31 PM CDT | Mesoscale Discussion | SPC | Allen, Anderson, Atchison, Bourbon, Butler, Chase and 21 more | 89 min |
| Apr 17, 5:10 PM CDT | Mesoscale Discussion | SPC | Bourbon, Cherokee, Crawford, Labette | 2 hr |
| Apr 17, 5:38 PM CDT | Mesoscale Discussion | SPC | Chautauqua, Cowley | 2 hr |
| Apr 17, 12:40 PM CDT | Tornado Watch | SPC | Clark, Scotland | 9 hr |
| Apr 17, 3:04 PM CDT | Mesoscale Discussion | SPC | Audrain, Callaway, Franklin, Gasconade, Jefferson, Lewis and 12 more | 56 min |
| Apr 17, 3:31 PM CDT | Tornado Watch | SPC | Audrain, Boone, Callaway, Cole, Franklin, Gasconade and 16 more | 8 hr |
| Apr 17, 6:25 PM CDT | Mesoscale Discussion | SPC | Clark | 2 hr |
Nearby
Tornado Watches in Missouri, 2026Tornado Watches in Kansas, 2026Tornado Watches in Oklahoma, 2026Every tornado watch in 2026
Sources
The product and its follow-ups from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service and Storm Prediction Center text; the sounding from the Mesonet's radiosonde archive; radar from the NEXRAD Level II archive.