Alert archive / Alabama / Tornado Watches in 2021

Tornado Watch 570

December 29, 202130 counties in Alabama; 4 counties in Georgia; 7 counties in Tennessee

The Storm Prediction Center issued this tornado watch at Dec 29, 2021, 3:53 PM CST for 30 counties in Alabama; 4 counties in Georgia; 7 counties in Tennessee. It was in force for 6 hr.

The area

The outline as issued.

The facts

Issued
Dec 29, 2021, 3:53 PM CST (21:53 UTC)
Expired
Dec 29, 2021, 10:00 PM CST
In force
6 hr
Issued by
the Storm Prediction Center
Largest hail expected
1.5 in
Strongest gust expected
65 kt
All 41 counties

Bibb County, AL, Blount County, AL, Calhoun County, AL, Cherokee County, AL, Colbert County, AL, Cullman County, AL, DeKalb County, AL, Etowah County, AL, Fayette County, AL, Franklin County, AL, Greene County, AL, Hale County, AL, Jackson County, AL, Jefferson County, AL, Lamar County, AL, Lauderdale County, AL, Lawrence County, AL, Limestone County, AL, Madison County, AL, Marion County, AL, Marshall County, AL, Morgan County, AL, Pickens County, AL, Shelby County, AL, St. Clair County, AL, Sumter County, AL, Talladega County, AL, Tuscaloosa County, AL, Walker County, AL, Winston County, AL, Chattooga County, GA, Dade County, GA, Floyd County, GA, Walker County, GA, Franklin County, TN, Giles County, TN, Lawrence County, TN, Lincoln County, TN, Marion County, TN, Moore County, TN, Wayne County, TN

The radar

The Northeast Alabama radar (KHTX), 87 km from the middle of the area, began a volume at 21:54 UTC, the scan nearest the moment this went out.

Open the radar archive at this moment

The archived warnings, watches and discussions in force at that minute are drawn over the scan, this one among them.

What SPC expected

The probabilities SPC published with the watch, for the watch area over its life.

Two or more tornadoes
60%
One or more EF2 to EF5 tornadoes
50%
Ten or more severe wind reports
70%
One or more gusts of 65 knots or more
30%
Ten or more severe hail reports
40%
One or more hailstones of 2 inches or more
10%
Six or more combined severe hail and wind reports
90%

Warnings issued inside it

20 tornado, severe thunderstorm and flash flood warnings for its counties while it was in force.

IssuedProductOfficeCountiesLasted
Dec 29, 6:27 PM CSTTornado WarningBMXFayette, Lamar, Marion34 min
Dec 29, 6:39 PM CSTSevere Thunderstorm WarningBMXLamar36 min
Dec 29, 7:00 PM CSTSevere Thunderstorm WarningBMXFayette34 min
Dec 29, 7:13 PM CSTSevere Thunderstorm WarningBMXWalker, Winston32 min
Dec 29, 7:17 PM CSTSevere Thunderstorm WarningBMXGreene, Pickens, Sumter42 min
Dec 29, 7:35 PM CSTSevere Thunderstorm WarningHUNCullman40 min
Dec 29, 8:00 PM CSTTornado WarningBMXWalker18 min
Dec 29, 8:04 PM CSTSevere Thunderstorm WarningBMXBlount41 min
Dec 29, 8:16 PM CSTSevere Thunderstorm WarningBMXJefferson29 min
Dec 29, 8:18 PM CSTTornado WarningHUNDeKalb, Jackson27 min
Dec 29, 8:27 PM CSTSevere Thunderstorm WarningBMXEtowah, St. Clair63 min
Dec 29, 8:32 PM CSTTornado WarningBMXBibb, Hale, Tuscaloosa43 min
Dec 29, 8:38 PM CSTSevere Thunderstorm WarningFFCChattooga, Dade, Walker52 min
Dec 29, 8:41 PM CSTSevere Thunderstorm WarningBMXCherokee22 min
Dec 29, 9:05 PM CSTSevere Thunderstorm WarningFFCFloyd, Gilmer, Gordon, Murray, Pickens, Whitfield40 min
Dec 29, 9:14 PM CSTTornado WarningBMXCalhoun31 min
Dec 29, 9:19 PM CSTSevere Thunderstorm WarningBMXCherokee26 min
Dec 29, 9:25 PM CSTTornado WarningBMXBibb20 min
Dec 29, 9:25 PM CSTTornado WarningBMXCalhoun, Cherokee, Cleburne35 min
Dec 29, 9:31 PM CSTSevere Thunderstorm WarningFFCBartow, Cherokee, Cobb, Floyd, Paulding, Polk44 min

Discussions around it

SPC mesoscale discussions over the same counties from four hours before the watch to its end.

The nearest sounding before it

Birmingham, AL (KBMX), launched 12:00Z, 9.9 hours before the alert went out and 161 km from the middle of its area. This is the routine balloon launch nearest before it, the air the forecaster had in hand, not a measurement taken for the alert.

Skew-T log-pSkew-T log-p diagram, Birmingham, AL at 12:00Z on 2021-12-29Temperature and dew point through the depth of the atmosphere, with the mixed-layer parcel. CAPE 0 joules per kilogram.LCL10008507005003002001001 km2 km3 km6 km9 km12 km15 km-30°-20°-10°10°20°30°40°
Temperature in red, dew point in green, the mixed-layer parcel dashed.
HodographHodograph, Birmingham, AL at 12:00Z on 2021-12-29The wind through the lowest 10 kilometers. Zero to 1 km storm-relative helicity 75 square meters per square second.19395878Sfc1 km3 km6 km9 kmRMLM
The wind turning with height, colored by layer: ground to 1 km, 1 to 3 km, 3 to 6 km, 6 to 10 km.
Mixed-layer CAPE
0 J/kg
Mixed-layer CIN
No buoyant parcel
Mixed-layer LCL
690 m above ground
0-6 km bulk shear
36 kt
0-1 km storm-relative helicity
75 m²/s²
0-3 km storm-relative helicity
103 m²/s²
Significant tornado parameter
0.0
Supercell composite
0.0

Open this sounding in Storm Lab

The text

As transmitted.

425 
WWUS20 KWNS 292150
SEL0  
SPC WW 292150
ALZ000-GAZ000-TNZ000-300400-

URGENT - IMMEDIATE BROADCAST REQUESTED
Tornado Watch Number 570
NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
350 PM CST Wed Dec 29 2021

The NWS Storm Prediction Center has issued a

* Tornado Watch for portions of 
  Northern Alabama
  Northwest Georgia
  Southern Middle Tennessee

* Effective this Wednesday afternoon and evening from 350 PM
  until 1000 PM CST.

* Primary threats include...
  A few tornadoes likely with a couple intense tornadoes possible
  Scattered damaging winds likely with isolated significant gusts
    to 75 mph possible
  Scattered large hail events to 1.5 inches in diameter possible

SUMMARY...Thunderstorms over northern Mississippi will build
eastward this evening across northern Alabama and vicinity. 
Damaging winds and a few tornadoes are the main risk with the
strongest cells.

The tornado watch area is approximately along and 55 statute miles
north and south of a line from 35 miles southwest of Muscle Shoals
AL to 60 miles northeast of Gadsden AL. For a complete depiction of
the watch see the associated watch outline update (WOUS64 KWNS
WOU0).

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

REMEMBER...A Tornado Watch means conditions are favorable for
tornadoes and severe thunderstorms in and close to the watch
area. Persons in these areas should be on the lookout for
threatening weather conditions and listen for later statements
and possible warnings.

&&

OTHER WATCH INFORMATION...CONTINUE...WW 569...

AVIATION...Tornadoes and a few severe thunderstorms with hail
surface and aloft to 1.5 inches. Extreme turbulence and surface wind
gusts to 65 knots. A few cumulonimbi with maximum tops to 450. Mean
storm motion vector 24035.

...Hart

SPC that day

Everything else SPC issued on the same UTC day.

IssuedProductOfficeCountiesLasted
Dec 29, 10:44 AM CSTMesoscale DiscussionSPCColbert, Franklin, Lamar, Marion2 hr
Dec 29, 12:24 PM CSTMesoscale DiscussionSPCGeneva, Houston96 min
Dec 29, 2:36 PM CSTMesoscale DiscussionSPCBlount, Calhoun, Cherokee, Colbert, Cullman, DeKalb and 16 more2 hr
Dec 29, 4:38 PM CSTMesoscale DiscussionSPCColbert, Fayette, Franklin, Lamar, Lauderdale, Lawrence and 6 more2 hr
Dec 29, 12:05 PM CSTTornado WatchSPCFayette, Hardeman, Hardin, McNairy, Shelby7 hr
Dec 29, 3:41 PM CSTMesoscale DiscussionSPCHardeman, Hardin, McNairy64 min

Nearby

Tornado Watches in Alabama, 2021Tornado Watches in Tennessee, 2021Tornado Watches in Georgia, 2021Every tornado watch in 2021

Sources

The product and its follow-ups from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service and Storm Prediction Center text; the sounding from the Mesonet's radiosonde archive; radar from the NEXRAD Level II archive.