Alert archive / Alabama / Mesoscale Discussions in 2021

Mesoscale Discussion 2078

December 29, 202112 counties in Alabama; 12 counties in Mississippi; 4 counties in Tennessee

The Storm Prediction Center issued this mesoscale discussion at Dec 29, 2021, 4:38 PM CST for 12 counties in Alabama; 12 counties in Mississippi; 4 counties in Tennessee. It was in force for 2 hr.

The area

The outline as issued.

The facts

Issued
Dec 29, 2021, 4:38 PM CST (22:38 UTC)
Expired
Dec 29, 2021, 6:45 PM CST
In force
2 hr
Issued by
the Storm Prediction Center
Concerning
Tornado watch 569...570
All 28 counties

Colbert County, AL, Fayette County, AL, Franklin County, AL, Lamar County, AL, Lauderdale County, AL, Lawrence County, AL, Limestone County, AL, Madison County, AL, Marion County, AL, Morgan County, AL, Walker County, AL, Winston County, AL, Calhoun County, MS, Chickasaw County, MS, Clay County, MS, Itawamba County, MS, Lee County, MS, Lowndes County, MS, Monroe County, MS, Oktibbeha County, MS, Pontotoc County, MS, Prentiss County, MS, Tishomingo County, MS, Webster County, MS, Giles County, TN, Lawrence County, TN, Lincoln County, TN, Wayne County, TN

The radar

The Columbus AFB radar (KGWX), 71 km from the middle of the area, began a volume at 22:39 UTC, the scan nearest the moment this went out.

Open the radar archive at this moment

The archived warnings, watches and discussions in force at that minute are drawn over the scan, this one among them.

The nearest sounding before it

Little Rock, AR (KLZK), launched 12:00Z, 10.6 hours before the alert went out and 178 km from the middle of its area. This is the routine balloon launch nearest before it, the air the forecaster had in hand, not a measurement taken for the alert.

Skew-T log-pSkew-T log-p diagram, Little Rock, AR at 12:00Z on 2021-12-29Temperature and dew point through the depth of the atmosphere, with the mixed-layer parcel. CAPE 0 joules per kilogram.LCL10008507005003002001001 km2 km3 km6 km9 km12 km15 km-30°-20°-10°0°10°20°30°40°
Temperature in red, dew point in green, the mixed-layer parcel dashed.
HodographHodograph, Little Rock, AR at 12:00Z on 2021-12-29The wind through the lowest 10 kilometers. Zero to 1 km storm-relative helicity 131 square meters per square second.1939587897Sfc1 km3 km6 km9 kmRMLM
The wind turning with height, colored by layer: ground to 1 km, 1 to 3 km, 3 to 6 km, 6 to 10 km.
Mixed-layer CAPE
0 J/kg
Mixed-layer CIN
No buoyant parcel
Mixed-layer LCL
1900 m above ground
0-6 km bulk shear
68 kt
0-1 km storm-relative helicity
131 m²/s²
0-3 km storm-relative helicity
106 m²/s²
Significant tornado parameter
0.0
Supercell composite
0.0

Open this sounding in Storm Lab

The text

As transmitted.

966 
ACUS11 KWNS 292238
SWOMCD
SPC MCD 292238 
TNZ000-ALZ000-MSZ000-300045-

Mesoscale Discussion 2078
NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
0438 PM CST Wed Dec 29 2021

Areas affected...northeast Mississippi into northern Alabama and
southern Middle Tennessee

Concerning...Tornado Watch 569...570...

Valid 292238Z - 300045Z

The severe weather threat for Tornado Watch 569, 570 continues.

SUMMARY...Conditions will remain most favorable for tornadoes over
the next several hours from northeast Mississippi into northern
Alabama and southern Middle Tennessee.

DISCUSSION...A cold front currently extends from Middle TN across
northern MS and into southeast AR, enhanced by outflow. Recently, a
line of cells has developed from TN into northern MS, with the
orientation of these cells removed from the cold front.

Areas of rotation have been noted with cells both along the cold
front near the TN/MS border, and farther southwest. Given the
deep-layer shear vector orientation, and strong 60 kt magnitudes, it
is anticipated that a few of these cells may remain enough ahead of
the cold front to become tornadic supercells, whereas farther north
into TN, a QLCS is most likely.

Strong west/southwest 850 mb flow will continue to advect theta-e
northeastward ahead of these cells. 0-1 SRH of 200-300 m2/s2 exists
per objective analysis, maximized near the old outflow boundary.
Therefore, a tornadic supercell or two appears possible as cells
mature within the high-shear environment. In addition, damaging
winds will be likely with solid portions of the line, and additional
counties may need watch consideration later this evening downstream
into eastern TN and northern GA.

..Jewell.. 12/29/2021

...Please see www.spc.noaa.gov for graphic product...

ATTN...WFO...OHX...BMX...HUN...MEG...JAN...

LAT...LON   35518746 35528730 35448665 35068640 34448668 33678741
            33428816 33398876 33428946 33568970 34058954 34368912
            34828856 35188805 35518746

SPC that day

Everything else SPC issued on the same UTC day.

IssuedProductOfficeCountiesLasted
Dec 29, 10:44 AM CSTMesoscale DiscussionSPCColbert, Franklin, Lamar, Marion2 hr
Dec 29, 12:24 PM CSTMesoscale DiscussionSPCGeneva, Houston96 min
Dec 29, 2:36 PM CSTMesoscale DiscussionSPCBlount, Calhoun, Cherokee, Colbert, Cullman, DeKalb and 16 more2 hr
Dec 29, 3:53 PM CSTTornado WatchSPCBibb, Blount, Calhoun, Cherokee, Colbert, Cullman and 24 more6 hr
Dec 29, 12:05 PM CSTTornado WatchSPCAlcorn, Attala, Benton, Bolivar, Calhoun, Carroll and 34 more7 hr
Dec 29, 1:18 PM CSTMesoscale DiscussionSPCBolivar, Calhoun, Carroll, Chickasaw, Coahoma, Grenada and 15 more87 min
Dec 29, 2:03 PM CSTMesoscale DiscussionSPCAdams, Claiborne, Copiah, Covington, Franklin, Hinds and 18 more87 min
Dec 29, 2:49 PM CSTMesoscale DiscussionSPCForrest, Lamar, Marion, Pearl River, Perry86 min
Dec 29, 3:41 PM CSTMesoscale DiscussionSPCAlcorn, Benton, Bolivar, Calhoun, Carroll, Chickasaw and 26 more64 min

Nearby

Mesoscale Discussions in Alabama, 2021Mesoscale Discussions in Mississippi, 2021Mesoscale Discussions in Tennessee, 2021Every mesoscale discussion in 2021

Sources

The product and its follow-ups from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service and Storm Prediction Center text; the sounding from the Mesonet's radiosonde archive; radar from the NEXRAD Level II archive.