Alert archive / Pennsylvania / Mesoscale Discussions in 2021

Mesoscale Discussion 1557

August 18, 20214 states

The Storm Prediction Center issued this mesoscale discussion at Aug 18, 2021, 4:57 PM EDT for 4 states. It was in force for 93 min.

The area

The outline as issued.

The facts

Issued
Aug 18, 2021, 4:57 PM EDT (20:57 UTC)
Expired
Aug 18, 2021, 6:30 PM EDT
In force
93 min
Issued by
the Storm Prediction Center
Concerning
Tornado watch 447
All 38 counties

Anne Arundel County, MD, Baltimore County, MD, Carroll County, MD, Cecil County, MD, City of Baltimore, MD, Frederick County, MD, Harford County, MD, Howard County, MD, Kent County, MD, Montgomery County, MD, Prince George's County, MD, Washington County, MD, Adams County, PA, Berks County, PA, Chester County, PA, Columbia County, PA, Cumberland County, PA, Dauphin County, PA, Franklin County, PA, Juniata County, PA, Lancaster County, PA, Lebanon County, PA, Luzerne County, PA, Mifflin County, PA, Montour County, PA, Northumberland County, PA, Perry County, PA, Schuylkill County, PA, Snyder County, PA, Union County, PA, York County, PA, Arlington County, VA, City of Alexandria, VA, City of Fairfax, VA, City of Falls Church, VA, Fairfax County, VA, Loudoun County, VA, Jefferson County, WV

The radar

The Sterling radar (KLWX), 105 km from the middle of the area, began a volume at 20:58 UTC, the scan nearest the moment this went out.

Open the radar archive at this moment

The archived warnings, watches and discussions in force at that minute are drawn over the scan, this one among them.

The nearest sounding before it

Washington/Dulle, VA (KIAD), launched 12:00Z, 9.0 hours before the alert went out and 104 km from the middle of its area. This is the routine balloon launch nearest before it, the air the forecaster had in hand, not a measurement taken for the alert.

Skew-T log-pSkew-T log-p diagram, Washington/Dulle, VA at 12:00Z on 2021-08-18Temperature and dew point through the depth of the atmosphere, with the mixed-layer parcel. CAPE 1011 joules per kilogram.LCLLFCEL10008507005003002001001 km2 km3 km6 km9 km12 km15 km-30°-20°-10°0°10°20°30°40°
Temperature in red, dew point in green, the mixed-layer parcel dashed.
HodographHodograph, Washington/Dulle, VA at 12:00Z on 2021-08-18The wind through the lowest 10 kilometers. Zero to 1 km storm-relative helicity 151 square meters per square second.193958Sfc1 km3 km6 km9 kmRMLM
The wind turning with height, colored by layer: ground to 1 km, 1 to 3 km, 3 to 6 km, 6 to 10 km.
Mixed-layer CAPE
1011 J/kg
Mixed-layer CIN
-1 J/kg
Mixed-layer LCL
592 m above ground
0-6 km bulk shear
30 kt
0-1 km storm-relative helicity
151 m²/s²
0-3 km storm-relative helicity
175 m²/s²
Significant tornado parameter
0.6
Supercell composite
4.6

Open this sounding in Storm Lab

The text

As transmitted.

247 
ACUS11 KWNS 182057
SWOMCD
SPC MCD 182057 
PAZ000-MDZ000-DCZ000-VAZ000-WVZ000-182230-

Mesoscale Discussion 1557
NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
0357 PM CDT Wed Aug 18 2021

Areas affected...MD...DC...northern VA...central/eastern PA

Concerning...Tornado Watch 447...

Valid 182057Z - 182230Z

The severe weather threat for Tornado Watch 447 continues.

SUMMARY...The threat for a couple tornadoes and isolated damaging
wind gusts will continue into the early evening.

DISCUSSION...At 2045Z, robust convection has recently developed
across south-central PA, in conjunction with the primary midlevel
vorticity maximum associated with post-tropical cyclone Fred.
Further east, convection continues to occasionally flare up across
southeast PA and northern MD. The westernmost convective band now
moving across south-central PA should be maintained as it moves
eastward this evening. While the strongest low-level shear/SRH may
remain east of this band, occasional rotating cells will be possible
into this evening with the band, posing a threat of isolated
damaging wind gusts and a couple tornadoes. 

Additional rotating cells will remain possible further east,
potentially evolving out of showers ongoing across southeast PA, or
along the southern edge of a cluster moving across central PA, where
a diffuse baroclinic zone remains in place. Some tornado threat may
still evolve with any sustained cells in this region, where
low-level shear/SRH remain somewhat enhanced.

..Dean.. 08/18/2021

...Please see www.spc.noaa.gov for graphic product...

ATTN...WFO...PHI...BGM...CTP...LWX...

LAT...LON   40857774 41267737 41237584 40317567 39767580 39457595
            38977633 38797668 38797715 38857772 39127789 39467797
            39957787 40857774

SPC that day

Everything else SPC issued on the same UTC day.

IssuedProductOfficeCountiesLasted
Aug 18, 8:46 AM EDTMesoscale DiscussionSPCFrederick, Washington119 min
Aug 18, 10:58 AM EDTMesoscale DiscussionSPCAnne Arundel, Baltimore, Calvert, Carroll, Charles, Frederick and 9 more92 min
Aug 18, 11:37 AM EDTTornado WatchSPCAllegany, Anne Arundel, Baltimore, Calvert, Carroll, Cecil and 12 more11 hr
Aug 18, 3:29 PM EDTMesoscale DiscussionSPCAnne Arundel, Baltimore, Carroll, Cecil, Frederick, Harford and 5 more91 min
Aug 17, 10:04 PM EDTMesoscale DiscussionSPCBedford, Bland, Botetourt, Carroll, Craig, Floyd and 17 more116 min
Aug 18, 2:38 PM EDTMesoscale DiscussionSPCCharles City, Gloucester, Isle of Wight, James City, King and Queen, Lancaster and 20 more97 min

Nearby

Mesoscale Discussions in Pennsylvania, 2021Mesoscale Discussions in Maryland, 2021Mesoscale Discussions in Virginia, 2021Every mesoscale discussion in 2021

Sources

The product and its follow-ups from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service and Storm Prediction Center text; the sounding from the Mesonet's radiosonde archive; radar from the NEXRAD Level II archive.