Alert archive / Pennsylvania / Mesoscale Discussions in 2021

Mesoscale Discussion 1555

August 18, 20214 states

The Storm Prediction Center issued this mesoscale discussion at Aug 18, 2021, 3:29 PM EDT for 4 states. It was in force for 91 min.

The area

The outline as issued.

The facts

Issued
Aug 18, 2021, 3:29 PM EDT (19:29 UTC)
Expired
Aug 18, 2021, 5:00 PM EDT
In force
91 min
Issued by
the Storm Prediction Center
Concerning
Tornado watch 447
All 55 counties

Anne Arundel County, MD, Baltimore County, MD, Carroll County, MD, Cecil County, MD, City of Baltimore, MD, Frederick County, MD, Harford County, MD, Howard County, MD, Kent County, MD, Montgomery County, MD, Washington County, MD, Adams County, PA, Berks County, PA, Blair County, PA, Carbon County, PA, Centre County, PA, Chester County, PA, Clinton County, PA, Columbia County, PA, Cumberland County, PA, Dauphin County, PA, Franklin County, PA, Fulton County, PA, Huntingdon County, PA, Juniata County, PA, Lackawanna County, PA, Lancaster County, PA, Lebanon County, PA, Lehigh County, PA, Luzerne County, PA, Lycoming County, PA, Mifflin County, PA, Monroe County, PA, Montour County, PA, Northampton County, PA, Northumberland County, PA, Perry County, PA, Schuylkill County, PA, Snyder County, PA, Sullivan County, PA, Union County, PA, Wyoming County, PA, York County, PA, Arlington County, VA, City of Fairfax, VA, City of Falls Church, VA, City of Manassas Park, VA, City of Winchester, VA, Clarke County, VA, Fairfax County, VA, Frederick County, VA, Loudoun County, VA, Berkeley County, WV, Jefferson County, WV, Morgan County, WV

The radar

The State College radar (KCCX), 99 km from the middle of the area, began a volume at 19:33 UTC, the scan nearest the moment this went out.

Open the radar archive at this moment

The archived warnings, watches and discussions in force at that minute are drawn over the scan, this one among them.

The nearest sounding before it

Washington/Dulle, VA (KIAD), launched 12:00Z, 7.5 hours before the alert went out and 155 km from the middle of its area. This is the routine balloon launch nearest before it, the air the forecaster had in hand, not a measurement taken for the alert.

Skew-T log-pSkew-T log-p diagram, Washington/Dulle, VA at 12:00Z on 2021-08-18Temperature and dew point through the depth of the atmosphere, with the mixed-layer parcel. CAPE 1011 joules per kilogram.LCLLFCEL10008507005003002001001 km2 km3 km6 km9 km12 km15 km-30°-20°-10°0°10°20°30°40°
Temperature in red, dew point in green, the mixed-layer parcel dashed.
HodographHodograph, Washington/Dulle, VA at 12:00Z on 2021-08-18The wind through the lowest 10 kilometers. Zero to 1 km storm-relative helicity 151 square meters per square second.193958Sfc1 km3 km6 km9 kmRMLM
The wind turning with height, colored by layer: ground to 1 km, 1 to 3 km, 3 to 6 km, 6 to 10 km.
Mixed-layer CAPE
1011 J/kg
Mixed-layer CIN
-1 J/kg
Mixed-layer LCL
592 m above ground
0-6 km bulk shear
30 kt
0-1 km storm-relative helicity
151 m²/s²
0-3 km storm-relative helicity
175 m²/s²
Significant tornado parameter
0.6
Supercell composite
4.6

Open this sounding in Storm Lab

The text

As transmitted.

189 
ACUS11 KWNS 181930
SWOMCD
SPC MCD 181929 
PAZ000-MDZ000-DCZ000-VAZ000-WVZ000-182100-

Mesoscale Discussion 1555
NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
0229 PM CDT Wed Aug 18 2021

Areas affected...Central/eastern PA...northern
VA...MD...DC...eastern WV Panhandle

Concerning...Tornado Watch 447...

Valid 181929Z - 182100Z

The severe weather threat for Tornado Watch 447 continues.

SUMMARY...The tornado and damaging-wind threat will continue to
gradually increase this afternoon.

DISCUSSION...While cells with occasional weak rotation have been
noted recently across central PA and northern MD, supercell
structures have this far struggled to be sustained across WW 447.
Earlier discrete cells may have struggled to mature in the midlevel
dry slot (noted in WV imagery), but renewed development may be more
vigorous this afternoon as the dry slot shifts eastward and ascent
associated with the primary midlevel vorticity maximum spreads over
the region. 

Low-level shear/SRH remains sufficient to support some tornado
threat with any sustained supercell. The greatest relative tornado
risk may reside across central PA in the vicinity of the
increasingly diffuse warm front, as convection deepens to the south
and moves through the baroclinic zone this afternoon. However, any
sustained cell within the warm sector will also pose some threat.
Locally damaging wind gusts will also remain possible, especially in
areas where some steepening of low-level lapse rates has occurred.

..Dean.. 08/18/2021

...Please see www.spc.noaa.gov for graphic product...

ATTN...WFO...PHI...BGM...CTP...LWX...

LAT...LON   39697854 40127844 40867847 41357793 41757700 41707616
            41537530 41327509 40817517 39737580 39067618 38737742
            39137851 39457848 39697854

SPC that day

Everything else SPC issued on the same UTC day.

IssuedProductOfficeCountiesLasted
Aug 18, 8:46 AM EDTMesoscale DiscussionSPCFrederick, Washington119 min
Aug 18, 10:58 AM EDTMesoscale DiscussionSPCAnne Arundel, Baltimore, Calvert, Carroll, Charles, Frederick and 9 more92 min
Aug 18, 11:37 AM EDTTornado WatchSPCAllegany, Anne Arundel, Baltimore, Calvert, Carroll, Cecil and 12 more11 hr
Aug 18, 4:57 PM EDTMesoscale DiscussionSPCAnne Arundel, Baltimore, Carroll, Cecil, Frederick, Harford and 6 more93 min
Aug 17, 10:04 PM EDTMesoscale DiscussionSPCBedford, Bland, Botetourt, Carroll, Craig, Floyd and 17 more116 min
Aug 18, 2:38 PM EDTMesoscale DiscussionSPCCharles City, Gloucester, Isle of Wight, James City, King and Queen, Lancaster and 20 more97 min

Nearby

Mesoscale Discussions in Pennsylvania, 2021Mesoscale Discussions in Maryland, 2021Mesoscale Discussions in Virginia, 2021Every mesoscale discussion in 2021

Sources

The product and its follow-ups from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service and Storm Prediction Center text; the sounding from the Mesonet's radiosonde archive; radar from the NEXRAD Level II archive.