Alert archive / Pennsylvania / Tornado Watches in 2015

Tornado Watch 90

April 20, 20155 states

The Storm Prediction Center issued this tornado watch at Apr 20, 2015, 3:08 PM EDT for 5 states. It was in force for 9 hr.

The area

The outline as issued.

The facts

Issued
Apr 20, 2015, 3:08 PM EDT (19:08 UTC)
Expired
Apr 20, 2015, 11:57 PM EDT
In force
9 hr
Issued by
the Storm Prediction Center
Largest hail expected
2 in
Strongest gust expected
60 kt
All 100 counties

Kent County, DE, New Castle County, DE, Allegany County, MD, Anne Arundel County, MD, Baltimore County, MD, Calvert County, MD, Caroline County, MD, Carroll County, MD, Cecil County, MD, Charles County, MD, City of Baltimore, MD, Frederick County, MD, Harford County, MD, Howard County, MD, Kent County, MD, Montgomery County, MD, Prince George's County, MD, Queen Anne's County, MD, Saint Mary's County, MD, Talbot County, MD, Washington County, MD, Adams County, PA, Bedford County, PA, Berks County, PA, Blair County, PA, Bucks County, PA, Cambria County, PA, Cameron County, PA, Centre County, PA, Chester County, PA, Clearfield County, PA, Clinton County, PA, Columbia County, PA, Cumberland County, PA, Dauphin County, PA, Delaware County, PA, Elk County, PA, Franklin County, PA, Fulton County, PA, Huntingdon County, PA, Juniata County, PA, Lancaster County, PA, Lebanon County, PA, Lehigh County, PA, Lycoming County, PA, Mifflin County, PA, Montgomery County, PA, Montour County, PA, Northumberland County, PA, Perry County, PA, Philadelphia County, PA, Potter County, PA, Schuylkill County, PA, Snyder County, PA, Somerset County, PA, Sullivan County, PA, Tioga County, PA, Union County, PA, York County, PA, Albemarle County, VA, Arlington County, VA, Augusta County, VA, City of Alexandria, VA, City of Charlottesville, VA, City of Fairfax, VA, City of Falls Church, VA, City of Fredericksburg, VA, City of Harrisonburg, VA, City of Manassas, VA, City of Staunton, VA, City of Waynesboro, VA, City of Winchester, VA, Clarke County, VA, Culpeper County, VA, Fairfax County, VA, Fauquier County, VA, Frederick County, VA, Greene County, VA, Highland County, VA, King George County, VA, Loudoun County, VA, Madison County, VA, Nelson County, VA, Orange County, VA, Page County, VA, Prince William County, VA, Rappahannock County, VA, Rockingham County, VA, Shenandoah County, VA, Spotsylvania County, VA, Stafford County, VA, Warren County, VA, Berkeley County, WV, Grant County, WV, Hampshire County, WV, Hardy County, WV, Jefferson County, WV, Mineral County, WV, Morgan County, WV, Pendleton County, WV

The radar

The Sterling radar (KLWX), 30 km from the middle of the area, began a volume at 19:10 UTC, the scan nearest the moment this went out.

Open the radar archive at this moment

The archived warnings, watches and discussions in force at that minute are drawn over the scan, this one among them.

What SPC expected

The probabilities SPC published with the watch, for the watch area over its life.

Two or more tornadoes
40%
One or more EF2 to EF5 tornadoes
20%
Ten or more severe wind reports
50%
One or more gusts of 65 knots or more
10%
Ten or more severe hail reports
50%
One or more hailstones of 2 inches or more
30%
Six or more combined severe hail and wind reports
70%

Warnings issued inside it

39 tornado, severe thunderstorm and flash flood warnings for its counties while it was in force.

IssuedProductOfficeCountiesLasted
Apr 20, 5:22 PM EDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningLWXAllegany23 min
Apr 20, 5:25 PM EDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningCTPBedford65 min
Apr 20, 5:28 PM EDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningCTPCambria, Clearfield, Elk62 min
Apr 20, 6:31 PM EDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningCTPBlair, Centre, Huntingdon59 min
Apr 20, 6:48 PM EDTTornado WarningCTPCumberland, Franklin42 min
Apr 20, 6:59 PM EDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningLWXWashington31 min
Apr 20, 7:02 PM EDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningCTPCentre, Clinton, Lycoming58 min
Apr 20, 7:09 PM EDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningLWXAllegany, Washington36 min
Apr 20, 7:09 PM EDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningCTPBedford66 min
Apr 20, 7:16 PM EDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningLWXAllegany, Washington59 min
Apr 20, 7:20 PM EDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningLWXCalvert, Charles, Prince George's, Saint Mary's25 min
Apr 20, 7:21 PM EDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningCTPBlair, Centre, Huntingdon, Mifflin54 min
Apr 20, 7:21 PM EDTTornado WarningCTPCumberland, Perry54 min
Apr 20, 7:22 PM EDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningCTPCentre, Clinton, Huntingdon, Mifflin, Union53 min
Apr 20, 7:32 PM EDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningCTPFulton, Huntingdon58 min
Apr 20, 7:40 PM EDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningCTPClinton, Lycoming65 min
Apr 20, 7:42 PM EDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningLWXCharles, Montgomery, Prince George's48 min
Apr 20, 7:42 PM EDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningCTPPotter, Tioga42 min
Apr 20, 7:51 PM EDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningLWXGrant, Mineral24 min
Apr 20, 7:56 PM EDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningCTPCumberland, Franklin, Fulton, Perry64 min
Apr 20, 7:59 PM EDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningCTPDauphin, Lebanon, Perry61 min
Apr 20, 8:02 PM EDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningLWXAnne Arundel, Howard, Montgomery, Prince George's28 min
Apr 20, 8:10 PM EDTTornado WarningCTPCumberland, Dauphin35 min
Apr 20, 8:11 PM EDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningLWXCharles49 min
Apr 20, 8:16 PM EDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningLWXAnne Arundel, Calvert, Charles, Prince George's44 min
Apr 20, 8:19 PM EDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningCTPCentre, Clinton, Huntingdon, Lycoming, Mifflin, Snyder and 1 more56 min
Apr 20, 8:20 PM EDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningLWXAnne Arundel, Baltimore, Howard, Montgomery, Prince George's, City of Baltimore25 min
Apr 20, 8:24 PM EDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningLWXWashington36 min
Apr 20, 8:30 PM EDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningCTPAdams, Cumberland, Franklin60 min
Apr 20, 8:35 PM EDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningLWXCalvert, Charles, Prince George's, Saint Mary's35 min
Apr 20, 8:43 PM EDTTornado WarningCTPDauphin, Lebanon32 min
Apr 20, 8:43 PM EDTFlash Flood WarningLWXSpotsylvania, Stafford, City of Fredericksburg4 hr
Apr 20, 8:47 PM EDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningCTPLycoming, Sullivan58 min
Apr 20, 8:52 PM EDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningLWXAnne Arundel, Baltimore, Harford, Howard, Prince George's, City of Baltimore38 min
Apr 20, 8:54 PM EDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningCTPCumberland, Dauphin, Juniata, Lebanon, Northumberland, Perry and 2 more66 min
Apr 20, 9:00 PM EDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningCTPDauphin, Lebanon, Schuylkill60 min
Apr 20, 9:03 PM EDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningPHIBerks42 min
Apr 20, 9:28 PM EDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningLWXAnne Arundel, Calvert, Charles, Prince George's, Saint Mary's47 min
Apr 20, 10:34 PM EDTFlash Flood WarningPHINew Castle6 hr

Discussions around it

SPC mesoscale discussions over the same counties from four hours before the watch to its end.

The nearest sounding before it

Washington/Dulle, VA (KIAD), launched 12:00Z, 7.1 hours before the alert went out and 38 km from the middle of its area. This is the routine balloon launch nearest before it, the air the forecaster had in hand, not a measurement taken for the alert.

Skew-T log-pSkew-T log-p diagram, Washington/Dulle, VA at 12:00Z on 2015-04-20Temperature and dew point through the depth of the atmosphere, with the mixed-layer parcel. CAPE 0 joules per kilogram.LCL10008507005003002001001 km2 km3 km6 km9 km12 km15 km-30°-20°-10°0°10°20°30°40°
Temperature in red, dew point in green, the mixed-layer parcel dashed.
HodographHodograph, Washington/Dulle, VA at 12:00Z on 2015-04-20The wind through the lowest 10 kilometers. Zero to 1 km storm-relative helicity 166 square meters per square second.1939587897Sfc1 km3 km6 km9 kmRMLM
The wind turning with height, colored by layer: ground to 1 km, 1 to 3 km, 3 to 6 km, 6 to 10 km.
Mixed-layer CAPE
0 J/kg
Mixed-layer CIN
No buoyant parcel
Mixed-layer LCL
694 m above ground
0-6 km bulk shear
55 kt
0-1 km storm-relative helicity
166 m²/s²
0-3 km storm-relative helicity
205 m²/s²
Significant tornado parameter
0.0
Supercell composite
0.0

Open this sounding in Storm Lab

The text

As transmitted, in the capitals the NWS used until 2016.

655 
WWUS20 KWNS 201904
SEL0  
SPC WW 201904
DCZ000-DEZ000-MDZ000-NJZ000-PAZ000-VAZ000-WVZ000-CWZ000-210200-

URGENT - IMMEDIATE BROADCAST REQUESTED
TORNADO WATCH NUMBER 90
NWS STORM PREDICTION CENTER NORMAN OK
305 PM EDT MON APR 20 2015

THE NWS STORM PREDICTION CENTER HAS ISSUED A

* TORNADO WATCH FOR PORTIONS OF 
  DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA
  DELAWARE
  MARYLAND
  SOUTHWEST NEW JERSEY
  SOUTHERN PENNSYLVANIA
  NORTHERN VIRGINIA
  EASTERN PANHANDLE OF WEST VIRGINIA
  COASTAL WATERS

* EFFECTIVE THIS MONDAY AFTERNOON AND EVENING FROM 305 PM UNTIL
  1000 PM EDT.

* PRIMARY THREATS INCLUDE...
  A COUPLE TORNADOES POSSIBLE
  SCATTERED LARGE HAIL AND ISOLATED VERY LARGE HAIL EVENTS TO 2
    INCHES IN DIAMETER POSSIBLE
  SCATTERED DAMAGING WIND GUSTS TO 70 MPH POSSIBLE

SUMMARY...THUNDERSTORMS ARE EXPECTED TO DEVELOP OVER NORTHERN VA AND
WESTERN MD THIS AFTERNOON...TRACKING ACROSS THE WATCH AREA. 
DAMAGING WINDS AND HAIL ARE THE MAIN THREATS.  HOWEVER...BACKED LOW
LEVEL WINDS NEAR A WARM FRONT MAY BE SUFFICIENT TO ENHANCE THE RISK
OF ISOLATED TORNADOES OVER NORTHERN PARTS OF THE WATCH.

THE TORNADO WATCH AREA IS APPROXIMATELY ALONG AND 90 STATUTE
MILES EAST AND WEST OF A LINE FROM 30 MILES EAST SOUTHEAST OF
CHARLOTTESVILLE VIRGINIA TO 25 MILES NORTH OF HARRISBURG
PENNSYLVANIA.  FOR A COMPLETE DEPICTION OF THE WATCH SEE THE
ASSOCIATED WATCH OUTLINE UPDATE (WOUS64 KWNS WOU0).

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

REMEMBER...A TORNADO WATCH MEANS CONDITIONS ARE FAVORABLE FOR
TORNADOES AND SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS IN AND CLOSE TO THE WATCH
AREA. PERSONS IN THESE AREAS SHOULD BE ON THE LOOKOUT FOR
THREATENING WEATHER CONDITIONS AND LISTEN FOR LATER STATEMENTS
AND POSSIBLE WARNINGS.

&&

OTHER WATCH INFORMATION...CONTINUE...WW 86...WW 87...WW 88...WW
89...

AVIATION...TORNADOES AND A FEW SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS WITH HAIL
SURFACE AND ALOFT TO 2 INCHES. EXTREME TURBULENCE AND SURFACE
WIND GUSTS TO 60 KNOTS. A FEW CUMULONIMBI WITH MAXIMUM TOPS TO
500. MEAN STORM MOTION VECTOR 25030.


...HART

SPC that day

Everything else SPC issued on the same UTC day.

IssuedProductOfficeCountiesLasted
Apr 20, 5:01 PM EDTMesoscale DiscussionSPCNew Castle119 min
Apr 20, 1:54 PM EDTMesoscale DiscussionSPCAllegany, Anne Arundel, Baltimore, Carroll, Charles, Frederick and 6 more3 hr
Apr 20, 3:23 PM EDTMesoscale DiscussionSPCBradford, Cameron, Centre, Clearfield, Clinton, Elk and 8 more2 hr
Apr 20, 5:57 PM EDTMesoscale DiscussionSPCBradford, Cameron, Centre, Clinton, Columbia, Luzerne and 9 more2 hr
Apr 20, 7:31 PM EDTMesoscale DiscussionSPCLackawanna, Susquehanna, Wayne2 hr
Apr 20, 7:56 PM EDTSevere Thunderstorm WatchSPCBradford, Carbon, Lackawanna, Luzerne, Monroe, Northampton and 4 more4 hr
Apr 20, 2:25 AM EDTMesoscale DiscussionSPCIsle of Wight, Southampton, City of Chesapeake, City of Franklin, City of Hampton, City of Norfolk and 2 more95 min
Apr 20, 2:55 PM EDTSevere Thunderstorm WatchSPCAlleghany, Amelia, Amherst, Appomattox, Bath, Bedford and 77 more7 hr
Apr 20, 6:27 PM EDTMesoscale DiscussionSPCAmelia, Appomattox, Bedford, Brunswick, Buckingham, Campbell and 50 more93 min

Nearby

Tornado Watches in Pennsylvania, 2015Tornado Watches in Virginia, 2015Tornado Watches in Maryland, 2015Every tornado watch in 2015

Sources

The product and its follow-ups from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service and Storm Prediction Center text; the sounding from the Mesonet's radiosonde archive; radar from the NEXRAD Level II archive.