Alert archive / Minnesota / Severe Thunderstorm Warnings in 2014

Severe Thunderstorm Warning 30, NWS Grand Forks, ND

July 5, 2014Norman County, Polk County, Minnesota; Traill County, North Dakota

NWS Grand Forks, ND issued this severe thunderstorm warning at Jul 5, 2014, 11:31 PM CDT for Norman County, Polk County, Minnesota; Traill County, North Dakota. It was in force for 44 min. 2 reports came from inside the area while it was in force.

The area

The outline as issued, with what was reported inside it.

The facts

Issued: Jul 5, 2014, 11:31 PM CDT (04:31 UTC)
Expired: Jul 6, 2014, 12:15 AM CDT
In force: 44 min
Issued by: NWS Grand Forks, ND
Area: Storm-based polygon
Hail: 1.0 in
Wind: 50.0 mph

Counties Norman County, MN, Polk County, MN, Traill County, ND

The radar

The Fargo/Grand Forks radar (KMVX), 64 km from the middle of the area, began a volume at 04:33 UTC, the scan nearest the moment this went out.

Open the radar archive at this moment

The archived warnings, watches and discussions in force at that minute are drawn over the scan, this one among them.

What was reported inside it

Time	Report	Where	Remark
Jul 5, 11:35 PM CDT	TSTM WND DMG	7 Se Hillsboro, ND	THE TOP 4 FEET OF TWO 40 FOOT EVERGREEN TREES BROKEN OFF. ALSO AN OLDER TREE BLOWN DOWN.
Jul 6, 12:02 AM CDT	TSTM WND DMG	3 Ne Hendrum, MN	SEVERAL LARGE 4 TO 6 INCH DIAMETER TREE BRANCHES AND LIMBS BROKEN DOWN IN SHELTER BELTS.

Local storm reports filed while the alert was in force, from inside its polygon or its counties.

Did it verify

Verified. The Iowa Environmental Mesonet's Cow matched 2 storm reports to this severe thunderstorm warning; the first came 4 minutes after it went out.

Cow counts a report within 15 km of the polygon while the warning was in force: a tornado for a tornado warning; hail of 1 inch or more, a gust of 58 mph or more or wind damage for a severe thunderstorm warning; a flash flood report for a flash flood warning.

The watch it was issued in

The SPC watch in force over the same counties when this warning went out.

Issued	Product	Office	Lasted
Jul 5, 10:48 PM CDT	Severe Thunderstorm Watch	SPC	7 hr

The nearest sounding before it

International Fa, MN (KINL), launched 00:00Z, 4.5 hours before the alert went out and 271 km from the middle of its area. This is the routine balloon launch nearest before it, the air the forecaster had in hand, not a measurement taken for the alert.

Skew-T log-p

Temperature in red, dew point in green, the mixed-layer parcel dashed.

Hodograph

The wind turning with height, colored by layer: ground to 1 km, 1 to 3 km, 3 to 6 km, 6 to 10 km.

Mixed-layer CAPE: 3255 J/kg
Mixed-layer CIN: -8 J/kg
Mixed-layer LCL: 989 m above ground
0-6 km bulk shear: 35 kt
0-1 km storm-relative helicity: 131 m²/s²
0-3 km storm-relative helicity: 176 m²/s²
Significant tornado parameter: 2.0
Supercell composite: 12.2

Open this sounding in Storm Lab

The text

As transmitted, in the capitals the NWS used until 2016.

351 
WUUS53 KFGF 060431
SVRFGF
MNC107-119-NDC097-060515-
/O.NEW.KFGF.SV.W.0030.140706T0431Z-140706T0515Z/

BULLETIN - IMMEDIATE BROADCAST REQUESTED
SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WARNING
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE EASTERN ND/GRAND FORKS ND
1131 PM CDT SAT JUL 5 2014

THE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE IN GRAND FORKS HAS ISSUED A

* SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WARNING FOR...
  NORMAN COUNTY IN NORTHWEST MINNESOTA...
  EXTREME SOUTH CENTRAL POLK COUNTY IN NORTHWEST MINNESOTA...
  SOUTHEASTERN TRAILL COUNTY IN SOUTHEAST NORTH DAKOTA...

* UNTIL 1215 AM CDT

* AT 1128 PM CDT...A SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WAS LOCATED NEAR HALSTAD...
  AND MOVING EAST AT 30 MPH.

  HAZARD...QUARTER SIZE HAIL.

  SOURCE...RADAR INDICATED.

  IMPACT...DAMAGE TO VEHICLES IS EXPECTED.

* THE SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WILL BE NEAR...
  HENDRUM AROUND 1140 PM CDT.
  HADLER AND LOCKHART AROUND MIDNIGHT CDT.
  ADA AROUND 1205 AM CDT.
  GARY AND TWIN VALLEY AROUND 1215 AM CDT.

OTHER LOCATIONS IN THE WARNING INCLUDE FLAMING.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

FOR YOUR PROTECTION MOVE TO AN INTERIOR ROOM...ON THE LOWEST FLOOR OF
A BUILDING.

&&

LAT...LON 4749 9612 4719 9621 4728 9704 4753 9697
TIME...MOT...LOC 0431Z 279DEG 28KT 4738 9687

HAIL...1.00IN
WIND...<50MPH

$$

VG

2 follow-up statements

966 
WWUS53 KFGF 060448
SVSFGF

SEVERE WEATHER STATEMENT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE EASTERN ND/GRAND FORKS ND
1148 PM CDT SAT JUL 5 2014

MNC107-119-NDC097-060515-
/O.CON.KFGF.SV.W.0030.000000T0000Z-140706T0515Z/
NORMAN MN-TRAILL ND-POLK MN-
1148 PM CDT SAT JUL 5 2014

...A SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WARNING REMAINS IN EFFECT FOR EXTREME SOUTH
CENTRAL POLK...SOUTHEASTERN TRAILL AND NORMAN COUNTIES UNTIL 1215 AM
CDT...

AT 1146 PM CDT...A SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WAS LOCATED NEAR HALSTAD...AND
MOVING EAST AT 30 MPH.

HAZARD...QUARTER SIZE HAIL.

SOURCE...RADAR INDICATED.

IMPACT...DAMAGE TO VEHICLES IS EXPECTED.

THE SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WILL BE NEAR...
  HADLER AND LOCKHART AROUND 1205 AM CDT.
  ADA AROUND 1210 AM CDT.
  GARY AND TWIN VALLEY AROUND 1215 AM CDT.

OTHER LOCATIONS IN THE WARNING INCLUDE FLAMING.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

FOR YOUR PROTECTION MOVE TO AN INTERIOR ROOM...ON THE LOWEST FLOOR OF
A BUILDING.

&&

LAT...LON 4749 9612 4719 9621 4728 9704 4753 9697
TIME...MOT...LOC 0449Z 279DEG 28KT 4734 9674

HAIL...1.00IN
WIND...<50MPH

$$

VG

621 
WWUS53 KFGF 060518
SVSFGF

SEVERE WEATHER STATEMENT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE EASTERN ND/GRAND FORKS ND
1218 AM CDT SUN JUL 6 2014

MNC107-119-NDC097-060529-
/O.EXP.KFGF.SV.W.0030.000000T0000Z-140706T0515Z/
NORMAN MN-TRAILL ND-POLK MN-
1218 AM CDT SUN JUL 6 2014

...THE SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WARNING FOR EXTREME SOUTH CENTRAL POLK...
SOUTHEASTERN TRAILL AND NORMAN COUNTIES HAS EXPIRED...

THE STORM WHICH PROMPTED THE WARNING HAS WEAKENED BELOW SEVERE
LIMITS...AND NO LONGER POSES AN IMMEDIATE THREAT TO LIFE OR PROPERTY.

LAT...LON 4749 9612 4719 9621 4728 9704 4753 9697
TIME...MOT...LOC 0448Z 279DEG 28KT 4734 9675

$$

VG

What forecasters said that day

The local office's own words before this severe thunderstorm warning went out, as it sent them, from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service text.

NWS Grand Forks, ND wrote its last area forecast discussion before this severe thunderstorm warning went out at Jul 5, 9:42 PM CDT, 1 hour 49 minutes earlier.

Area forecast discussion, Jul 5, 9:42 PM CDT, 1 hour 49 minutes before

AREA FORECAST DISCUSSION
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE GRAND FORKS ND
942 PM CDT SAT JUL 5 2014

.UPDATE...
ISSUED AT 942 PM CDT SAT JUL 5 2014

THE FIRST SEVERE THREAT IS NOW EAST OF THE FA. ATTENTION NOW TURNS
TO THE WEST WITH STORMS APPROACHING FROM CANADA AND FROM SOUTHERN
NORTH DAKOTA. THE HRRR/RAP MAY BE TOO WIDESPREAD WITH COVERAGE IN
THEIR FORECASTS...BUT BOTH INDICATE THE POTENTIAL FOR STORMS TO
FILL IN BETWEEN THESE TWO SEVERE AREAS...AND INDICATE THAT THESE
STORMS HAVE THE POTENTIAL FOR BOWING SEGMENTS (STRONG WIND GUSTS).
INSTABILITY REMAINS STRONG...AND DEEP LAYER SHEAR IS
INCREASING...ALONG WITH A 40-50 KNOT MID-LEVEL SPEED MAX...AND
WITH A STRONG UPPER WAVE (DECENT SYNOPTIC FORCING). SO...THE HI-
RES MODELS MAY BE ONTO SOMETHING. THIS LOOKS TO BE A BUSY NIGHT.

&&

.SHORT TERM...(THIS EVENING THROUGH SUNDAY NIGHT)
ISSUED AT 320 PM CDT SAT JUL 5 2014

CHALLENGES INCLUDE THUNDERSTORM CHANCES AND SEVERE POTENTIAL THIS
EVENING AND OVERNIGHT. HRRR IS ONCE AGAIN PERFORMING MORE
FAVORABLY THAN RAP AS IT RELATES TO CURRENT CONVECTION...SO WILL
FOLLOW ITS GUIDANCE FOR THE FIRST 12 TO 18 HOURS AND THEN
TRANSITION TO A GLOBAL MODEL ENSEMBLE.

SFC TROUGH REFUSES TO BUDGE WITH A DEFINED CLOSED CIRCULATION NEAR
THE ND/MN/MB BORDER. WINDS HAVE SHIFTED TO A MORE WESTERLY
DIRECTION FROM DEVILS LAKE INTO THE JAMES RIVER VALLEY RESULTING
IN A DRIER OVERALL AIR MASS...ALTHOUGH SFC BASED CAPE IS STILL
ABOVE 2000 J/KG. BEST CHANCE FOR THUNDERSTORMS LATE THIS AFTERNOON
IS ALONG THE INTERNATIONAL BORDER AREA OF NORTHWEST MN IN UNCAPPED
MORE MOIST/UNSTABLE ENVIRONMENT NEAREST THE SFC LOW. FORCING IS
STILL RATHER WEAK...BUT ONE SEVERE STORM HAS DEVELOPED OVER
WINNIPEG AND IS SLOWLY MOVING TO THE EAST. A COUPLE OTHER SMALL
CELLS HAVE POPPED UP ALONG THE SFC WIND SHIFT JUST NORTH OF THE
BORDER AND IN KITTSON COUNTY. ISOLATED SEVERE IS POSSIBLE GIVEN
HIGH INSTABILITY. REST OF THE FORECAST AREA WILL REMAIN DRY THIS
EVENING WITH TEMPS GRADUALLY FALLING INTO THE UPPER 60S.

FOR LATE TONIGHT INTO EARLY SUNDAY MORNING...ATTENTION TURNS TO
THE SHORT-WAVE CURRENTLY ACROSS SOUTHERN ALBERTA. INCREASING SHEAR
WILL BEGIN TO INTERACT WITH MUCAPES UP TO 1500 J/KG...POSSIBLY
RESULTING IN A NORTH TO SOUTH LINE OF CONVECTION MOVING ACROSS THE
DAKOTAS AND INTO NORTHWEST MN. HRRR PLACES THIS LINE ALONG THE
VALLEY FLOOR BY 06 UTC. LARGE HAIL AND DAMAGING WIND WILL BE THE
PRIMARY THREATS.

SCATTERED SHOWERS AND STORMS ARE POSSIBLE MAINLY ACROSS NORTHWEST
AND WEST CENTRAL MN ON SUNDAY...BUT TEMPS/DEW POINTS WILL BE LOWER
RESULTING IN LESS MUGGY CONDITIONS. WINDS WILL ALSO BE BREEZY AT
TIMES FROM THE NORTHWEST WITH GUSTS TO 25 MPH.

.LONG TERM...(MONDAY THROUGH SATURDAY)
ISSUED AT 320 PM CDT SAT JUL 5 2014

FLOW ALOFT SHIFTS TO THE NORTHWEST MON/TUES WITH THE NEXT PRIMARY
WAVE DROPPING ACROSS THE NORTHERN PLAINS MONDAY/MONDAY NIGHT.
SEVERE WEATHER NOT EXPECTED...BUT SCATTERED SHOWERS AND
THUNDERSTORMS POSSIBLE THROUGH THE DAY ON MONDAY WITH DRYING
CONDITIONS FROM WEST TO EAST ON TUESDAY.

FOR TUESDAY NIGHT THROUGH SATURDAY...SOME DISAGREEMENT IN HOW
DEEP NEXT 500 MB TROUGH WILL BE OVER ONTARIO AND GREAT LAKES
REGION. EITHER WAY FCST REGION WILL BE IN NORTHWEST FLOW ALOFT
WITH EXITING SHORT WAVE TUESDAY NIGHT THEN GENERAL HIGH PRESSURE
FOR WED-EARLY THU. NEXT SIGNIFICANT SHORT WAVE TO IMPACT US LATE
THU-FRI. DIDNT STRAY FROM ALL BLEND TEMPS NOR POPS MUCH. OVERALL
TEMP REGIME AFTER THIS WEEKEND FAVORS A RETURN TO JUST A FEW
DEGREES BELOW AVERAGE FOR HIGH TEMPS.

&&

.AVIATION...(FOR THE 00Z TAFS THROUGH 00Z SUNDAY EVENING)
ISSUED AT 649 PM CDT SAT JUL 5 2014

THUNDERSTORM CHANCES WILL BE THE MAIN CONCERN THROUGH THIS
PERIOD...ESPECIALLY DURING THE OVERNIGHT HOURS. THERE SHOULD BE A
BROKEN LINE OF STORMS THAT MOVE FROM WEST TO EAST THROUGH THE
REGION. NOT SURE HOW WIDESPREAD THESE STORMS WILL BE...AND KEPT
VCTS UNTIL MORE CERTAINTY CAN BE OBTAINED. VFR CONDITIONS
OTHERWISE.

&&

.FGF WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES...
ND...NONE.
MN...NONE.
&&

UPDATE...TG
SHORT TERM...ROGERS
LONG TERM...ROGERS/RIDDLE
AVIATION...TG

Hazardous weather outlook, Jul 5, 5:17 AM CDT, 18 hours 14 minutes before

HAZARDOUS WEATHER OUTLOOK
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE GRAND FORKS ND
517 AM CDT SAT JUL 5 2014

MNZ001>009-013>017-022>024-027>032-040-NDZ006>008-014>016-024-
026>030-038-039-049-052>054-061030-
WEST POLK-NORMAN-CLAY-KITTSON-ROSEAU-LAKE OF THE WOODS-
WEST MARSHALL-EAST MARSHALL-NORTH BELTRAMI-PENNINGTON-RED LAKE-
EAST POLK-NORTH CLEARWATER-SOUTH BELTRAMI-MAHNOMEN-
SOUTH CLEARWATER-HUBBARD-WEST BECKER-EAST BECKER-WILKIN-
WEST OTTER TAIL-EAST OTTER TAIL-WADENA-GRANT-TOWNER-CAVALIER-
PEMBINA-BENSON-RAMSEY-EASTERN WALSH-EDDY-NELSON-GRAND FORKS-
GRIGGS-STEELE-TRAILL-BARNES-CASS-RANSOM-SARGENT-RICHLAND-
WESTERN WALSH-
517 AM CDT SAT JUL 5 2014

THIS HAZARDOUS WEATHER OUTLOOK IS FOR PORTIONS OF EASTERN NORTH
DAKOTA...WEST CENTRAL AND NORTHWEST MINNESOTA.

.DAY ONE...TODAY AND TONIGHT

ISOLATED THUNDERSTORMS ARE POSSIBLE THIS MORNING IN FAR NORTHWEST
MINNESOTA. OTHERWISE... SCATTERED STRONG TO SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS
ARE POSSIBLE EARLY THIS EVENING ACROSS EASTERN NORTH DAKOTA AND
LATER EVENING AND OVERNIGHT IN NORTHERN MINNESOTA. SOME OF THESE
STORMS MAY HAVE LARGE HAIL AND DAMAGING WINDS... ALONG WITH
FREQUENT LIGHTNING.

.DAYS TWO THROUGH SEVEN...SUNDAY THROUGH FRIDAY

SCATTERED THUNDERSTORMS ARE POSSIBLE ON MONDAY...TUESDAY AND
THURSDAY OF THE COMING WEEK.

.SPOTTER INFORMATION STATEMENT...

SPOTTER ACTIVATION MAY BE REQUIRED.

In the hours before

Local storm report, Jul 5, 7:30 PM CDT, 4 hours 1 minute before

PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT...CORRECTED
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE EASTERN ND/GRAND FORKS ND
730 PM CDT SAT JUL 05 2014

..TIME...   ...EVENT...      ...CITY LOCATION...     ...LAT.LON...
..DATE...   ....MAG....      ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

0658 PM     HAIL             7 NW FOURTOWN           48.35N 95.44W
07/05/2014  E1.75 INCH       BELTRAMI           MN   PUBLIC

            THE HAIL STARTED SMALL AND ENDED BIG

&&

TGRAFENA

Local storm report, Jul 5, 8:46 PM CDT, 2 hours 45 minutes before

PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE EASTERN ND/GRAND FORKS ND
846 PM CDT SAT JUL 05 2014

..TIME...   ...EVENT...      ...CITY LOCATION...     ...LAT.LON...
..DATE...   ....MAG....      ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

0815 PM     HAIL             12 W SHOOKS             47.87N 94.70W
07/05/2014  E1.00 INCH       BELTRAMI           MN   PUBLIC

&&

TGRAFENA

Local storm report, Jul 5, 9:00 PM CDT, 2 hours 31 minutes before

PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE EASTERN ND/GRAND FORKS ND
900 PM CDT SAT JUL 05 2014

..TIME...   ...EVENT...      ...CITY LOCATION...     ...LAT.LON...
..DATE...   ....MAG....      ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

0848 PM     HAIL             2 S BLACKDUCK           47.70N 94.55W
07/05/2014  E1.00 INCH       BELTRAMI           MN   PUBLIC

&&

TGRAFENA

Local storm report, Jul 5, 9:08 PM CDT, 2 hours 23 minutes before

PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE EASTERN ND/GRAND FORKS ND
908 PM CDT SAT JUL 05 2014

..TIME...   ...EVENT...      ...CITY LOCATION...     ...LAT.LON...
..DATE...   ....MAG....      ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

0845 PM     HAIL             3 WNW BLACKDUCK         47.74N 94.61W
07/05/2014  M1.00 INCH       BELTRAMI           MN   EMERGENCY MNGR

            NORTH SHORE OF BLACKDUCK LAKE.

&&

VGODON

Local storm report, Jul 5, 11:19 PM CDT, 12 minutes before

PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE EASTERN ND/GRAND FORKS ND
1119 PM CDT SAT JUL 05 2014

..TIME...   ...EVENT...      ...CITY LOCATION...     ...LAT.LON...
..DATE...   ....MAG....      ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

1109 PM     HAIL             VERGAS                  46.66N 95.80W
07/05/2014  E0.88 INCH       OTTER TAIL         MN   PUBLIC

            VIA SOCIAL MEDIA. TIME ESTIMATED FROM RADAR.

&&

JAM

Local storm report, Jul 5, 11:22 PM CDT, 9 minutes before

PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE EASTERN ND/GRAND FORKS ND
1122 PM CDT SAT JUL 05 2014

..TIME...   ...EVENT...      ...CITY LOCATION...     ...LAT.LON...
..DATE...   ....MAG....      ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

1105 PM     HAIL             VERGAS                  46.66N 95.80W
07/05/2014  E1.25 INCH       OTTER TAIL         MN   TRAINED SPOTTER

&&

JAM

The office that day

Everything else NWS Grand Forks, ND issued on the same UTC day.

Issued	Product	Office	Counties	Lasted
Jul 5, 7:47 PM CDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	FGF	Beltrami	43 min
Jul 5, 8:28 PM CDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	FGF	Beltrami	32 min
Jul 5, 11:22 PM CDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	FGF	Becker, Otter Tail	38 min
Jul 6, 12:07 AM CDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	FGF	Becker, Clay, Norman	53 min
Jul 6, 12:17 AM CDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	FGF	Becker, Clearwater, Hubbard, Mahnomen, Wadena	58 min
Jul 6, 12:22 AM CDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	FGF	Clay	53 min
Jul 6, 12:58 AM CDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	FGF	Kittson	62 min
Jul 6, 1:01 AM CDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	FGF	Becker, Clay	29 min
Jul 6, 1:17 AM CDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	FGF	Becker, Clay, Otter Tail, Wilkin	58 min
Jul 6, 1:29 AM CDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	FGF	Hubbard, Wadena	29 min
Jul 6, 1:46 AM CDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	FGF	Kittson, Marshall, Roseau	59 min
Jul 6, 2:32 AM CDT	Areal Flood Advisory	FGF	Becker, Clearwater, Hubbard, Mahnomen, Otter Tail, Wadena	7 hr
Jul 6, 2:36 AM CDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	FGF	Otter Tail, Wadena	54 min
Jul 6, 3:37 AM CDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	FGF	Grant, Otter Tail, Wilkin	53 min
Jul 6, 4:16 AM CDT	Areal Flood Advisory	FGF	Grant, Otter Tail	6 hr
Jul 5, 10:55 PM CDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	FGF	Steele, Traill	65 min
Jul 5, 11:42 PM CDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	FGF	Cass, Steele, Traill	48 min
Jul 6, 12:19 AM CDT	Tornado Warning	FGF	Cavalier, Pembina	41 min
Jul 6, 2:29 AM CDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	FGF	Ransom, Richland, Sargent	46 min
Jul 6, 2:50 AM CDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	FGF	Richland, Sargent	40 min

Nearby

Severe Thunderstorm Warnings in Minnesota, 2014 Severe Thunderstorm Warnings in North Dakota, 2014 Every severe thunderstorm warning in 2014

Sources

The product and its follow-ups from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service and Storm Prediction Center text; local storm reports from the same archive; the sounding from the Mesonet's radiosonde archive; radar from the NEXRAD Level II archive.