Alert archive / Pennsylvania / Tornado Watches in 2011

Tornado Watch 236

April 27, 201120 counties in New York; 49 counties in Pennsylvania; 4 counties in West Virginia

The Storm Prediction Center issued this tornado watch at Apr 27, 2011, 3:10 PM EDT for 20 counties in New York; 49 counties in Pennsylvania; 4 counties in West Virginia. It was in force for 7 hr.

The area

The outline as issued.

The facts

Issued
Apr 27, 2011, 3:10 PM EDT (19:10 UTC)
Expired
Apr 27, 2011, 10:00 PM EDT
In force
7 hr
Issued by
the Storm Prediction Center
Largest hail expected
2 in
Strongest gust expected
60 kt
All 73 counties

Allegany County, NY, Cattaraugus County, NY, Cayuga County, NY, Chautauqua County, NY, Chemung County, NY, Erie County, NY, Genesee County, NY, Livingston County, NY, Monroe County, NY, Niagara County, NY, Ontario County, NY, Orleans County, NY, Schuyler County, NY, Seneca County, NY, Steuben County, NY, Tioga County, NY, Tompkins County, NY, Wayne County, NY, Wyoming County, NY, Yates County, NY, Adams County, PA, Allegheny County, PA, Armstrong County, PA, Beaver County, PA, Bedford County, PA, Blair County, PA, Bradford County, PA, Butler County, PA, Cambria County, PA, Cameron County, PA, Centre County, PA, Clarion County, PA, Clearfield County, PA, Clinton County, PA, Columbia County, PA, Cumberland County, PA, Dauphin County, PA, Elk County, PA, Fayette County, PA, Forest County, PA, Franklin County, PA, Fulton County, PA, Greene County, PA, Huntingdon County, PA, Indiana County, PA, Jefferson County, PA, Juniata County, PA, Lancaster County, PA, Lawrence County, PA, Lebanon County, PA, Lycoming County, PA, McKean County, PA, Mercer County, PA, Mifflin County, PA, Montour County, PA, Northumberland County, PA, Perry County, PA, Potter County, PA, Schuylkill County, PA, Snyder County, PA, Somerset County, PA, Sullivan County, PA, Tioga County, PA, Union County, PA, Venango County, PA, Warren County, PA, Washington County, PA, Westmoreland County, PA, York County, PA, Marion County, WV, Monongalia County, WV, Preston County, WV, Tucker County, WV

The radar

The Buffalo radar (KBUF), 91 km from the middle of the area, began a volume at 19:11 UTC, the scan nearest the moment this went out.

Open the radar archive at this moment

The archived warnings, watches and discussions in force at that minute are drawn over the scan, this one among them.

What SPC expected

The probabilities SPC published with the watch, for the watch area over its life.

Two or more tornadoes
40%
One or more EF2 to EF5 tornadoes
20%
Ten or more severe wind reports
30%
One or more gusts of 65 knots or more
30%
Ten or more severe hail reports
40%
One or more hailstones of 2 inches or more
30%
Six or more combined severe hail and wind reports
70%

Warnings issued inside it

40 tornado, severe thunderstorm and flash flood warnings for its counties while it was in force.

IssuedProductOfficeCountiesLasted
Apr 27, 3:55 PM EDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningPBZArmstrong, Butler, Clarion, Forest, Jefferson, Mercer and 1 more65 min
Apr 27, 4:30 PM EDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningPBZArmstrong, Indiana30 min
Apr 27, 4:32 PM EDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningPBZAllegheny, Armstrong, Fayette, Indiana, Westmoreland58 min
Apr 27, 4:50 PM EDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningPBZJefferson25 min
Apr 27, 4:55 PM EDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningCTPCameron, Clearfield, Elk, McKean, Potter50 min
Apr 27, 5:01 PM EDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningPBZIndiana44 min
Apr 27, 5:06 PM EDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningBUFCattaraugus, Chautauqua, Erie54 min
Apr 27, 5:16 PM EDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningPBZJefferson44 min
Apr 27, 5:19 PM EDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningCTPElk, McKean, Warren26 min
Apr 27, 5:43 PM EDTTornado WarningBUFAllegany, Cattaraugus32 min
Apr 27, 5:43 PM EDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningCTPBlair, Cambria, Cameron, Centre, Clearfield, Clinton and 5 more62 min
Apr 27, 5:52 PM EDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningCTPCumberland, Franklin, Fulton, Huntingdon, Juniata, Mifflin and 1 more53 min
Apr 27, 5:57 PM EDTTornado WarningCTPFranklin, Fulton, Huntingdon33 min
Apr 27, 5:59 PM EDTTornado WarningCTPCameron, Potter31 min
Apr 27, 6:17 PM EDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningBUFAllegany, Livingston43 min
Apr 27, 6:29 PM EDTTornado WarningCTPCumberland, Franklin, Perry31 min
Apr 27, 6:30 PM EDTTornado WarningCTPPotter, Tioga30 min
Apr 27, 6:40 PM EDTTornado WarningCTPCentre, Clinton, Mifflin, Union35 min
Apr 27, 6:45 PM EDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningCTPBlair, Cambria, Cameron, Centre, Clearfield, Clinton and 6 more60 min
Apr 27, 6:49 PM EDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningBGMSteuben, Yates56 min
Apr 27, 6:56 PM EDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningBUFLivingston, Ontario, Wayne49 min
Apr 27, 7:00 PM EDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningBGMSteuben60 min
Apr 27, 7:12 PM EDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningCTPDauphin, Juniata, Northumberland, Perry, Snyder63 min
Apr 27, 7:32 PM EDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningBUFOntario13 min
Apr 27, 7:40 PM EDTFlash Flood WarningBGMSteuben, Yates3 hr
Apr 27, 7:42 PM EDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningBUFCayuga, Ontario, Wayne48 min
Apr 27, 7:43 PM EDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningBGMCayuga, Onondaga, Seneca62 min
Apr 27, 7:48 PM EDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningCTPCentre, Clinton, Columbia, Lycoming, Montour, Northumberland and 5 more57 min
Apr 27, 7:50 PM EDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningBGMChemung, Schuyler, Steuben, Tioga, Tompkins55 min
Apr 27, 7:56 PM EDTTornado WarningBGMChemung, Schuyler, Seneca, Steuben, Tompkins, Yates64 min
Apr 27, 8:09 PM EDTTornado WarningCTPLycoming, Sullivan26 min
Apr 27, 8:10 PM EDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningBGMCayuga, Seneca, Yates65 min
Apr 27, 8:22 PM EDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningBGMBradford53 min
Apr 27, 8:22 PM EDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningCTPColumbia, Montour, Northumberland53 min
Apr 27, 8:33 PM EDTFlash Flood WarningBGMBradford2 hr
Apr 27, 8:44 PM EDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningBGMCayuga, Chemung, Chenango, Cortland, Madison, Onondaga and 4 more61 min
Apr 27, 8:46 PM EDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningCTPColumbia, Lycoming, Sullivan, Tioga44 min
Apr 27, 9:02 PM EDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningBGMTioga43 min
Apr 27, 9:11 PM EDTFlash Flood WarningBGMCayuga, Seneca, Yates3 hr
Apr 27, 9:40 PM EDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningBGMBroome, Chenango, Cortland, Tioga41 min

Discussions around it

SPC mesoscale discussions over the same counties from four hours before the watch to its end.

The nearest sounding before it

Buffalo Intl Airport, NY (KBUF), launched 12:00Z, 7.2 hours before the alert went out and 89 km from the middle of its area. This is the routine balloon launch nearest before it, the air the forecaster had in hand, not a measurement taken for the alert.

Skew-T log-pSkew-T log-p diagram, Buffalo Intl Airport, NY at 12:00Z on 2011-04-27Temperature and dew point through the depth of the atmosphere, with the mixed-layer parcel. CAPE 27 joules per kilogram.LCLLFCEL10008507005003002001001 km2 km3 km6 km9 km12 km15 km-30°-20°-10°0°10°20°30°40°
Temperature in red, dew point in green, the mixed-layer parcel dashed.
HodographHodograph, Buffalo Intl Airport, NY at 12:00Z on 2011-04-27The wind through the lowest 10 kilometers. Zero to 1 km storm-relative helicity 118 square meters per square second.19395878Sfc1 km3 km6 km9 kmRMLM
The wind turning with height, colored by layer: ground to 1 km, 1 to 3 km, 3 to 6 km, 6 to 10 km.
Mixed-layer CAPE
27 J/kg
Mixed-layer CIN
-127 J/kg
Mixed-layer LCL
987 m above ground
0-6 km bulk shear
56 kt
0-1 km storm-relative helicity
118 m²/s²
0-3 km storm-relative helicity
139 m²/s²
Significant tornado parameter
0.0
Supercell composite
-0.0

Open this sounding in Storm Lab

The text

As transmitted, in the capitals the NWS used until 2016.

924 
WWUS20 KWNS 271909
SEL6
SPC WW 271909
MDZ000-NYZ000-PAZ000-WVZ000-LEZ000-LOZ000-280200-

URGENT - IMMEDIATE BROADCAST REQUESTED
TORNADO WATCH NUMBER 236
NWS STORM PREDICTION CENTER NORMAN OK
310 PM EDT WED APR 27 2011

THE NWS STORM PREDICTION CENTER HAS ISSUED A
TORNADO WATCH FOR PORTIONS OF

       EXTREME WESTERN MARYLAND
       WESTERN NEW YORK
       WESTERN AND CENTRAL PENNSYLVANIA
       EXTREME NORTHERN WEST VIRGINIA
       LAKE ERIE
       LAKE ONTARIO

EFFECTIVE THIS WEDNESDAY AFTERNOON AND EVENING FROM 310 PM UNTIL
1000 PM EDT.

TORNADOES...HAIL TO 2 INCHES IN DIAMETER...THUNDERSTORM WIND
GUSTS TO 70 MPH...AND DANGEROUS LIGHTNING ARE POSSIBLE IN THESE
AREAS.

THE TORNADO WATCH AREA IS APPROXIMATELY ALONG AND 100 STATUTE
MILES EAST AND WEST OF A LINE FROM 50 MILES NORTH OF ROCHESTER
NEW YORK TO 50 MILES SOUTH SOUTHWEST OF ALTOONA PENNSYLVANIA.
FOR A COMPLETE DEPICTION OF THE WATCH SEE THE ASSOCIATED WATCH
OUTLINE UPDATE (WOUS64 KWNS WOU6).

REMEMBER...A TORNADO WATCH MEANS CONDITIONS ARE FAVORABLE FOR
TORNADOES AND SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS IN AND CLOSE TO THE WATCH
AREA. PERSONS IN THESE AREAS SHOULD BE ON THE LOOKOUT FOR
THREATENING WEATHER CONDITIONS AND LISTEN FOR LATER STATEMENTS
AND POSSIBLE WARNINGS.

OTHER WATCH INFORMATION...CONTINUE...WW 231...WW 232...WW
233...WW 234...WW 235...

DISCUSSION...SCATTERED THUNDERSTORMS ARE EXPECTED TO DEVELOP SOON
OVER WESTERN PA AND SPREAD EAST-NORTHEASTWARD ACROSS THE WATCH AREA
DURING THE LATE AFTERNOON AND EVENING.  MODERATE
INSTABILITY...COUPLED WITH STRONG VERTICAL SHEAR PROFILES WILL
PROMOTE ORGANIZED STORMS WITH SUPERCELLS/BOWS POSSIBLE.  LARGE HAIL
AND DAMAGING WINDS ARE THE MAIN THREAT.  HOWEVER...SUFFICIENT LOW
LEVEL SHEAR IS PRESENT FOR ISOLATED TORNADOES.

AVIATION...TORNADOES AND A FEW SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS WITH HAIL
SURFACE AND ALOFT TO 2 INCHES. EXTREME TURBULENCE AND SURFACE
WIND GUSTS TO 60 KNOTS. A FEW CUMULONIMBI WITH MAXIMUM TOPS TO
450. MEAN STORM MOTION VECTOR 25040.


...HART

SPC that day

Everything else SPC issued on the same UTC day.

IssuedProductOfficeCountiesLasted
Apr 27, 1:24 PM EDTMesoscale DiscussionSPCAllegany, Cattaraugus, Chautauqua, Erie, Livingston, Steuben and 1 more96 min
Apr 27, 3:55 PM EDTMesoscale DiscussionSPCAlbany, Columbia, Dutchess, Greene, Orange, Putnam and 3 more65 min
Apr 27, 6:50 PM EDTMesoscale DiscussionSPCAllegany, Broome, Cayuga, Chemung, Chenango, Cortland and 16 more55 min
Apr 27, 9:39 AM EDTMesoscale DiscussionSPCCabell, Calhoun, Jackson, Kanawha, Lincoln, Mason and 7 more66 min
Apr 27, 1:23 PM EDTTornado WatchSPCBerkeley, Grant, Hampshire, Hardy, Jefferson, Mineral and 2 more5 hr
Apr 27, 3:22 PM EDTMesoscale DiscussionSPCMcDowell, Mingo83 min
Apr 27, 4:39 PM EDTMesoscale DiscussionSPCBerkeley, Grant, Hampshire, Hardy, Jefferson, Mineral and 2 more66 min
Apr 27, 5:38 PM EDTMesoscale DiscussionSPCBoone, Cabell, Jackson, Lincoln, Logan, Mason and 3 more37 min
Apr 27, 5:44 PM EDTTornado WatchSPCBarbour, Boone, Braxton, Cabell, Calhoun, Clay and 28 more7 hr
Apr 27, 6:15 PM EDTTornado WatchSPCBerkeley, Grant, Greenbrier, Hampshire, Hardy, Jefferson and 6 more6 hr

Nearby

Tornado Watches in Pennsylvania, 2011Tornado Watches in New York, 2011Tornado Watches in West Virginia, 2011Every tornado watch in 2011

Sources

The product and its follow-ups from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service and Storm Prediction Center text; the sounding from the Mesonet's radiosonde archive; radar from the NEXRAD Level II archive.