Semeru

August 29, 1909 Eruption of Semeru

August 29, 1909 · VEI 2 · 221 deaths

Semeru in Indonesia erupted on August 29, 1909 with a Volcanic Explosivity Index of 2. The eruption killed 221 people.

Where it erupted

Semeru, Indonesia, with its other significant eruptions.

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The eruption

Date
August 29, 1909
Volcano
Semeru, stratovolcano
Country
Indonesia
Volcanic Explosivity Index
2, moderate (eruption column 1 to 5 km)
Killed by
Secondary (post-eruption) mudflows
Location
8.108° S, 112.922° E

The toll

Deaths
221
Damage
Limited (under about $1 million)

Where the literature gives no number, NCEI records a description on a scale of 1 to 4, printed here in its words. Damage is in millions of US dollars of the year of the event, not adjusted for inflation.

What the record says

NCEI’s account, from the sources it cites.

Major and fatal lahar was not attributed to eruptive activity, although ash and block eruptions and pyroclastic flows caused damage from Sept through Dec. (reference #9675)

This foundation (Semeroe Fund), however, only had the purpose of helping the victims of disasters and not to study volcanic phenomena. It came into being after a catastrophe in the night of 29 to 30 August 1909 caused by mud flows which destroyed c. 8 km2 of arable land with 38 villages, killing 208 persons. These mud flows originated on the slopes of Mt Semeru by long lasting heavy rains. (reference #14075)

Other significant eruptions of Semeru

More

Every eruption in 1909The 1900sSemeruEarthquakes near SemeruThis day in weather history

Sources

Volcanoes and significant eruptions from NOAA’s National Centers for Environmental Information, Global Historical Hazard Database, cited as NCEI/WDS, doi:10.7289/V5PN93H7. Public domain. Read 2026-09-24. Volcano numbers are the Smithsonian Institution’s Global Volcanism Program’s. NCEI event 191.