Tornadoes · United States · Mississippi · 2011

EF2 tornado, Terry to New Byram, Mississippi, March 9, 2011

From Terry to New Byram, this EF2 tornado ran 2.2 miles across Hinds County on March 9, 2011, touching down at 1:34 AM CST and reaching 150 yards wide. It killed nobody, and did $500,000 of property damage.

The rating scale

Tracks are drawn in the color of the rating. The Enhanced Fujita scale rates the damage rather than measuring the wind: the speeds are what that damage is taken to imply.

  1. EF065 to 85 mph

    Light damage. Surface peeled off some roofs, gutters and siding damaged, branches broken, shallow-rooted trees pushed over.

  2. EF186 to 110 mph

    Moderate damage. Roofs badly stripped, mobile homes overturned or badly damaged, exterior doors lost, windows broken.

  3. EF2111 to 135 mphthis tornado

    Considerable damage. Roofs torn off well-built houses, frame homes shifted on their foundations, mobile homes destroyed, large trees snapped or uprooted, cars lifted off the ground.

  4. EF3136 to 165 mph

    Severe damage. Whole stories of well-built houses destroyed, large buildings badly damaged, trains overturned, trees debarked, heavy cars lifted and thrown.

  5. EF4166 to 200 mph

    Devastating damage. Well-built houses leveled, structures with weak foundations moved some distance, cars thrown and large missiles generated.

  6. EF5over 200 mph

    Incredible damage. Strong frame houses swept off their foundations, car-sized missiles thrown more than 100 meters, steel-reinforced concrete badly damaged, high-rise buildings deformed.

  7. Unrated

    The survey recorded a tornado but could not put a number on it, most often because it crossed open country and damaged nothing a rating can be read from.

The record

Rating
EF2
Date
March 9, 2011
Touchdown
1:34 AM CST (07:34 UTC)
Lifted
1:37 AM CST (07:37 UTC)
On the ground
3 minutes
Path length
2.2 miles (3.6 km)
Path width
150 yards (137 m)
Deaths
0
Injuries
0
Property damage
$500,000
County
Hinds County
Touchdown point
32.115, -90.311
Lift-off point
32.143, -90.292
Record number
1103090134-01

What the Weather Service recorded

A potent storm system combined with abundant moisture over the ArkLaMiss region to bring nearly 24 hours of showers and thunderstorms, beginning during the day March 8th and continuing through the early morning hours of March 9th. With rich moisture flowing north from the Gulf of Mexico, many of the storms were efficient rain producers, which brought the risk of flash flooding and river flooding to the area. Many locations along and southeast of the Natchez Trace Parkway corridor had already seen as much as 3 to 4 inches of rain just 3 to 4 days prior to this event. Along with the flooding, ample wind shear and strong forcing from an upper disturbance and approaching cold front brought a risk for severe thunderstorms. The best combination of wind shear and instability was located south of Interstate 20. As the upper disturbance moved closer to the region, some storms became severe with a few storms exhibiting small, tight rotation on radar. Two tornadoes occurred during this event and they were both in Hinds County.||Showers began to affect the ArkLaMiss region during the morning of the 8th. These showers increased in coverage and intensity during the afternoon and evening hours. Thunderstorms moved repeatedly over the same locations, which allowed rainfall amounts to add up quickly. Storm total rainfall ranged from 4 to 7 inches of rain, especially across southeast and eastern portions of the forecast area. Numerous flash flood warnings were issued and reports of water covering roadways, along with water rescues were received. This additional rainfall rose water levels on area rivers, causing several to go above flood stage.

The tornado first touched down along Lebanon-Pinegrove Road and then tracked north-northeast following a path along Terry Road. Numerous hardwood trees were uprooted and snapped in a convergent pattern and several sheds and a carport were damaged or destroyed. Some of the trees fell across a power line bringing the line and a power pole down. Several houses sustained minor damage and one well built brick house had significant damage to the roof. At the same location where the significant roof damage occurred, a steel gate was torn from its hinges and heavy metal fencing was blown down. Maximum winds were around 115 mph.

From NOAA NCEI's Storm Events Database, the narrative the local forecast office wrote for Storm Data.

The forecast that day

The Storm Prediction Center had this point in a General Thunderstorms Risk, with a 0.02 chance of a tornado within 25 miles. The outlook in force was issued at 05:49 UTC.

SPC's Day 1 convective outlook as it stood when the tornado began, read at the touchdown point. The same archive is on the radar archive.

What forecasters said that day

The local office's own words before the tornado touched down, as it sent them, from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service text.

NWS Jackson, MS wrote its last area forecast discussion before the tornado touched down at Mar 8, 8:25 PM CST, 5 hours 9 minutes earlier.

Area forecast discussion, Mar 8, 8:25 PM CST, 5 hours 9 minutes before
AREA FORECAST DISCUSSION...UPDATE
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE JACKSON MS
825 PM CST TUE MAR 8 2011

.UPDATE...TORNADO WATCH NUMBER 44 RECENTLY ISSUED TO REPLACE
EXPIRING WATCH NUMBER 42...LASTING THROUGH 3 AM. IN ADDITION TO
REPLACING COUNTIES IN PREVIOUS WATCH AROUND A TIER OF COUNTIES AND
PARISHES WERE ADDED ON THE NORTH SIDE OF THE PREVIOUS NORTHERN WATCH
FRINGE. PRODUCTS UPDATED AND RESENT TO REFLECT THE WATCH.

CURRENTLY WATCHING WARM FRONT EXTENDING FROM NORTHWEST TO SOUTHEAST
(FROM FAR SOUTHEAST MS TO NORTH CENTRAL LA). THIS BOUNDARY HAS
PREVIOUSLY BEEN ANCHORED PRETTY SOLIDLY BY HEAVY RAIN CONVECTIVE
CLUSTER OVER SE LA AND SE MS. HOWEVER...THIS CLUSTER HAS RECENTLY
BROKEN UP AND IS ALLOWING WARM FRONT TO PROGRESS NORTH MORE RAPIDLY.
AMPLE LOW LEVEL MOISTURE (MID TO UPPER 60S DEWPOINTS) EXISTS SOUTH
OF THE WARM FRONT...AND THIS IS EXPECTED TO SPILL NORTH TOWARDS
HEART OF THE REGION OVERNIGHT...INCREASING SEVERE RISK. THIS EVENING
THE WIDESPREAD SHOWERS AND EMBEDDED THUNDERSTORMS WILL PRIMARILY BE
TRIGGERED ISENTROPICALLY ATOP THIS WARM FRONT...BUT ANTICIPATE A
LARGE AXIS OF HEAVY RAIN AND STORMS EXTENDING SOUTH OF THE WARM
FRONT TO EVOLVE AND TRANSLATE EAST ACROSS THE ARKLAMISS OVERNIGHT
AND INTO EARLY WEDNESDAY MORNING.

PREVIOUS FORECAST MORE OR LESS ON TRACK AS MUCH OF THE REGION/S WX
IN THE EXTREME SHORT TERM IS BEING CONTROLLED BY COMPLICATED
MESOSCALE FACTORS. /BB/

&&

.AVIATION...FLIGHT CATS WILL BE PRIMARILY MVFR (TO LOCALLY IFR)
THROUGH THE NIGHT AND INTO WEDNESDAY MORNING AS A COLD FRONT COMES
INTO THE REGION AND PRODUCES LOW CLOUDS...AS WELL AS SHOWERS AND
THUNDERSTORMS. SOME OF THE THUNDERSTORMS THROUGH MIDDAY TOMORROW
COULD BE STRONG TO SEVERE AND THUS CAPABLE OF PRODUCING MAJOR
TURBULENCE. SOUTHEAST TO SOUTH WINDS TONIGHT WILL GUST UP TO 20 MPH
AT TIMES...WITH WINDS SHIFTING TO THE WEST AND NORTHWEST IN THE
MORNING THROUGH MIDDAY HOURS TOMORROW. EXPECT SKIES TO MAINLY
IMPROVE TO VFR AFTER FROPA...ALTHOUGH CLOUDS WILL STILL ABOUT AND
SOME CEILINGS (PARTICULARLY NORTH OF I-20) MAY SNEAK BELOW 3 KFT AT
TIMES. /BB/

&&

.PREV DISCUSSION... /ISSUED 441 PM CST TUE MAR 8 2011/

DISCUSSION...HIGH-END SEVERE WEATHER AND FLASH FLOODING IS STILL
ANTICIPATED THROUGH TONIGHT AND INTO TOMORROW MORNING. FORECAST
THINKING IS STILL ABOUT THE SAME...WITH THE GREATEST RISK FOR SEVERE
WEATHER ALONG AND WEST OF THE MS RIVER EXTENDING SOUTHEAST ACROSS
SOUTH CENTRAL MS...AND THE GREATEST RISK FOR FLASH FLOODING ALONG
AND SOUTHEAST OF THE NATCHEZ TRACE PARKWAY.

A WARM FRONT REMAINS DRAPED ACROSS THE ARKLAMISS THIS AFTN WITH SFC
DEWPOINTS STILL IN THE LOWER 50S ALONG THE HWY 82 CORRIDOR FROM GWO
TO GTR...WHILE UPPER 60S DEWPOINTS WERE SURGING INLAND AND
APPROACHING THE NATCHEZ AREA PRIOR TO SUNSET. SCATTERED MOSTLY
ELEVATED STORMS HAVE CONTINUED FOR MUCH OF THE DAY...BUT
SURFACE-BASED STORMS HAVE BEEN MOVING INTO THE HIGHWAY 84 CORRIDOR
WITH THE MOST INTENSE STORMS NOW APPROACHING THE COLUMBIA TO
HATTIESBURG AREA.

THE LATEST GUIDANCE INDICATES THE WARM SECTOR WILL CONTINUE TO SURGE
INLAND AND EXPECT MID 60S SFC DEWPOINTS WILL APPROACH THE I-20
CORRIDOR DURING THE NIGHT WITH MIXED LAYER CAPE EXCEEDING 700 J/KG...
GIVEN THE VERY STRONG SHEAR EXPECTED (0-1KM 35-40KTS, 0-6KM >50KTS)
AND HIGH VORTICITY GENERATION POTENTIAL OVER NE LA INTO SRN MS...WE
ARE STILL VERY CONCERNED WITH THE RISK FOR STRONG TORNADOES OVER SRN
AND WRN PORTIONS OF THE FORECAST AREA...WITH THE RISK DECREASING
SHARPLY OVER NC/NE PORTIONS OF MS ALONG THE HWY 82 CORRIDOR WHERE
INSTABILITY SHOULD REMAIN ELEVATED FOR THE MOST PART.

THE RISK FOR SEVERE WEATHER AND FLOODING WILL BECOME MOSTLY CONFINED
TO SOUTHEAST PORTIONS OF THE ARKLAMISS WEDNESDAY MORNING...WITH
DRIER CONDITIONS MOVING INTO THE ENTIRE AREA FOR THE AFTN. /EC/

HYDROLOGY...VERY STRONG MOISTURE TRANSPORT WITH PRECIPITABLE WATER
VALUES IN EXCESS OF 1.5 INCHES...A VERY RICH BOUNDARY LAYER...AND
INCREASINGLY DEEP MOISTURE PROFILES WILL SUPPORT INTENSE RAINFALL
RATES IN TSTM ACTIVITY...AS HAS ALREADY BEEN THE CASE OVER SC/SE MS.
DEEP LAYER WIND FIELDS BECOME MORE UNIDIRECTIONAL THROUGH THE NIGHT
AND WILL SUPPORT AN INCREASED POTENTIAL FOR TRAINING STORMS. HIGH
RES WRF OUTPUT INDICATES THE POTENTIAL FOR > 5 TO 7 INCHES OF
RAINFALL SOUTH OF I-20 OVER SC/SE MS TONIGHT INTO WED MORNING. THERE
ARE SOME INDICATIONS OF BI-MODAL QPF MAXES AS PRIMARY TROUGH AXIS
APPROACHES AND INCITES TSTM COMPLEX OVER WRN PORTIONS OF THE AREA
LATER THIS EVNG...WHILE THE COMPLEX OVER SC/SE MS REMAINS ANCHORED
THERE. THE OVERALL MODEL CONSENSUS SHOWS THAT THE CURRENT FLASH
FLOOD WATCH NEEDS TO BE EXPANDED A LITTLE FARTHER NW INTO NC MS AND
AMOUNTS HAVE BEEN BEEFED UP A BIT AS WELL. /EC/

&&

.PRELIMINARY POINT TEMPS/POPS...
JACKSON       62  73  39  61 / 100  52   3   0
MERIDIAN      61  78  38  64 / 100  91   5   0
VICKSBURG     62  71  39  60 / 100  39   3   0
HATTIESBURG   63  81  42  65 / 100  96   2   0
NATCHEZ       60  69  40  60 / 100  46   2   0
GREENVILLE    57  64  38  58 / 100  20   4   0
GREENWOOD     55  68  37  57 / 100  32   6   0

&&

.JAN WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES...
MS...FLASH FLOOD WATCH THROUGH WEDNESDAY MORNING FOR MSZ026>033-
     036>039-042>066-072>074.

LA...FLASH FLOOD WATCH THROUGH WEDNESDAY MORNING FOR LAZ016-023>026.

AR...NONE.
&&

50
Hazardous weather outlook, Mar 8, 3:59 PM CST, 9 hours 35 minutes before
HAZARDOUS WEATHER OUTLOOK
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE JACKSON MS
359 PM CST TUE MAR 8 2011

ARZ074-075-LAZ007>009-015-016-023>026-MSZ040-047>049-053>056-
059>066-072>074-092200-
ASHLEY-CHICOT-MOREHOUSE-WEST CARROLL-EAST CARROLL-RICHLAND-
MADISON LA-FRANKLIN LA-CATAHOULA-TENSAS-CONCORDIA-ISSAQUENA-
WARREN-HINDS-RANKIN-CLAIBORNE-COPIAH-SIMPSON-SMITH-JEFFERSON-
ADAMS-FRANKLIN MS-LINCOLN-LAWRENCE-JEFFERSON DAVIS-COVINGTON-
JONES-MARION-LAMAR-FORREST-
359 PM CST TUE MAR 8 2011

THIS HAZARDOUS WEATHER OUTLOOK IS FOR CENTRAL MISSISSIPPI...
NORTHEAST LOUISIANA...AND EXTREME SOUTHEAST ARKANSAS.

.DAY ONE...TONIGHT AND WEDNESDAY

HIGH END SEVERE WEATHER...INCLUDING THE POSSIBILITY OF STRONG
TORNADOES...AND FLASH FLOODING...WILL BE POSSIBLE TONIGHT AS A
STRONG STORM SYSTEM MOVES ACROSS THE ARKLAMISS. SCATTERED
THUNDERSTORMS THIS EVENING WILL EVOLVE INTO A SLOW-MOVING LINE OF
STORMS LATE TONIGHT. A VERY MOIST AND UNSTABLE AIRMASS ALONG WITH
STRONG WIND SHEAR WILL SUPPORT TORRENTIAL RAINFALL AND SEVERE WEATHER
INCLUDING TORNADOES...DAMAGING WIND GUSTS GREATER THAN 75 MPH...AND
HAIL TO THE SIZE OF GOLF BALLS. THE RISK OF SEVERE WEATHER WILL
DIMINISH FROM WEST TO EAST DURING THE EARLY MORNING HOURS.

.DAYS TWO THROUGH SEVEN...WEDNESDAY NIGHT THROUGH MONDAY

THE PROBABILITY FOR WIDESPREAD HAZARDOUS WEATHER IS LOW.

.SPOTTER CALL TO ACTION STATEMENT...
THE ACTIVATION OF STORM SPOTTERS...HAM RADIO OPERATORS...AND
EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT PERSONNEL IN SUPPORT OF SEVERE WEATHER
OPERATIONS IS NOT EXPECTED THROUGH NEXT MONDAY.

MSZ018-019-025-027-034>037-041>045-050>052-057-058-092200-
BOLIVAR-SUNFLOWER-LEFLORE-CARROLL-WASHINGTON-HUMPHREYS-HOLMES-
ATTALA-SHARKEY-YAZOO-MADISON MS-LEAKE-NESHOBA-SCOTT-NEWTON-
LAUDERDALE-JASPER-CLARKE-
359 PM CST TUE MAR 8 2011

THIS HAZARDOUS WEATHER OUTLOOK IS FOR CENTRAL MISSISSIPPI...

.DAY ONE...TONIGHT AND WEDNESDAY

SEVERE WEATHER AND FLASH FLOODING WILL BE POSSIBLE TONIGHT AS A
STRONG STORM SYSTEM MOVES ACROSS THE ARKLAMISS. SCATTERED
THUNDERSTORMS THIS EVENING WILL EVOLVE INTO A SLOW-MOVING LINE OF
STORMS LATE TONIGHT. A VERY MOIST AND UNSTABLE AIRMASS ALONG WITH
STRONG WIND SHEAR WILL SUPPORT TORRENTIAL RAINFALL AND SEVERE
WEATHER INCLUDING TORNADOES...DAMAGING WIND GUSTS UP TO 60 MPH...AND
HAIL TO THE SIZE OF QUARTERS. THE RISK OF SEVERE WEATHER WILL
DIMINISH FROM WEST TO EAST DURING THE MORNING HOURS.

.DAYS TWO THROUGH SEVEN...WEDNESDAY NIGHT THROUGH MONDAY

THE PROBABILITY FOR WIDESPREAD HAZARDOUS WEATHER IS LOW.

.SPOTTER CALL TO ACTION STATEMENT...
THE ACTIVATION OF STORM SPOTTERS...HAM RADIO OPERATORS...AND
EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT PERSONNEL IN SUPPORT OF SEVERE WEATHER
OPERATIONS IS NOT EXPECTED THROUGH NEXT MONDAY.

MSZ026-028>033-038-039-046-092200-
GRENADA-MONTGOMERY-WEBSTER-CLAY-LOWNDES-CHOCTAW-OKTIBBEHA-WINSTON-
NOXUBEE-KEMPER-
359 PM CST TUE MAR 8 2011

THIS HAZARDOUS WEATHER OUTLOOK IS FOR NORTH CENTRAL MISSISSIPPI...

.DAY ONE...TONIGHT AND WEDNESDAY

STRONG TO SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS AND FLASH FLOODING WILL BE POSSIBLE
TONIGHT AS A STRONG STORM SYSTEM MOVES ACROSS THE ARKLAMISS.
SCATTERED THUNDERSTORMS THIS EVENING WILL EVOLVE INTO A SLOW-MOVING
LINE OF STORMS LATE TONIGHT. A VERY MOIST AND UNSTABLE AIRMASS ALONG
WITH STRONG WIND SHEAR WILL SUPPORT TORRENTIAL RAINFALL AND ISOLATED
SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS CAPABLE OF PRODUCING DAMAGING WIND GUSTS UP TO
60 MPH AND HAIL. THE RISK OF SEVERE WEATHER WILL DIMINISH FROM WEST
TO EAST DURING THE EARLY MORNING HOURS.

.DAYS TWO THROUGH SEVEN...WEDNESDAY NIGHT THROUGH MONDAY

THE PROBABILITY FOR WIDESPREAD HAZARDOUS WEATHER IS LOW.

.SPOTTER CALL TO ACTION STATEMENT...
THE ACTIVATION OF STORM SPOTTERS...HAM RADIO OPERATORS...AND
EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT PERSONNEL IN SUPPORT OF SEVERE WEATHER
OPERATIONS IS NOT EXPECTED THROUGH NEXT MONDAY.

FOR MORE INFORMATION PLEASE VISIT OUR WEBSITE AT
WWW.SRH.NOAA.GOV/JAN. THIS INCLUDES THE GRAPHICAL HAZARDOUS WEATHER
OUTLOOK.

EC

In the hours before

Local storm report, Mar 8, 10:52 PM CST, 2 hours 42 minutes before
PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE JACKSON MS
1052 PM CST TUE MAR 08 2011

..TIME...   ...EVENT...      ...CITY LOCATION...     ...LAT.LON...
..DATE...   ....MAG....      ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

0755 PM     FLASH FLOOD      BROOKHAVEN              31.58N 90.45W
03/08/2011                   LINCOLN            MS   EMERGENCY MNGR

            NUMEROUS RDS ACROSS THE COUNTY HAVE BEEN FLOODED WITH

&&

CME
Local storm report, Mar 8, 11:01 PM CST, 2 hours 33 minutes before
PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT...CORRECTED
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE JACKSON MS
1101 PM CST TUE MAR 08 2011

..TIME...   ...EVENT...      ...CITY LOCATION...     ...LAT.LON...
..DATE...   ....MAG....      ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

0714 PM     TSTM WND DMG     3 SW MONTICELLO         31.52N 90.15W
03/08/2011                   LAWRENCE           MS   LAW ENFORCEMENT

            MULTIPLE TREES DOWN ACROSS CARMEL-NEW HOPE ROAD AND
            OLIVAR WILSON ROAD.

&&

CME
Local storm report, Mar 8, 11:17 PM CST, 2 hours 17 minutes before
PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE JACKSON MS
1117 PM CST TUE MAR 08 2011

..TIME...   ...EVENT...      ...CITY LOCATION...     ...LAT.LON...
..DATE...   ....MAG....      ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

1059 PM     HAIL             JONESVILLE              31.62N 91.83W
03/08/2011  E1.00 INCH       CATAHOULA          LA   LAW ENFORCEMENT

&&
Local storm report, Mar 8, 11:32 PM CST, 2 hours 2 minutes before
PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE JACKSON MS
1132 PM CST TUE MAR 08 2011

..TIME...   ...EVENT...      ...CITY LOCATION...     ...LAT.LON...
..DATE...   ....MAG....      ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

1120 PM     FLASH FLOOD      TAYLORSVILLE            31.83N 89.43W
03/08/2011                   SMITH              MS   LAW ENFORCEMENT

            FLOODING CONTIUES TO INUNDATE SEVERAL CITY ROADS BUT IS
            SLOWLY RECEEDING.

&&

JALLEN
Local storm report, Mar 9, 1:28 AM CST, 6 minutes before
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The air that afternoon

The radiosonde launches on either side of the tornado, from the nearest station that was launching then, drawn and analyzed the way Storm Lab does: the same diagram, the same parcel and shear definitions SPC's mesoanalysis uses.

Jackson, MS (KJAN), 00:00Z

7.6 hours before the tornado, 30 km from the path. March 9, 2011.

Skew-T log-pSkew-T log-p diagram, Jackson, MS at 00:00Z on 2011-03-09Temperature and dew point through the depth of the atmosphere, with the mixed-layer parcel lifted from the surface. Mixed-layer CAPE 0 joules per kilogram, CIN -322, lifted condensation level 600 meters above ground. Wind barbs in knots down the right edge.LCLLFCEL10008507005003002001001 km2 km3 km6 km9 km12 km15 km-30°-20°-10°0°10°20°30°40°
Temperature in red, dew point in green, the mixed-layer parcel dashed. The warm shading is its CAPE, the cool shading the inhibition it has to break through.
HodographHodograph, Jackson, MS at 00:00Z on 2011-03-09The wind through the lowest 10 kilometers as a curve, rings every 10 meters per second labeled in knots. Zero to 1 km storm-relative helicity 542 square meters per square second, 0 to 6 km bulk shear 65 knots.1939587897Sfc1 km3 km6 km9 kmRMLM
The wind turning with height, colored by layer: ground to 1 km, 1 to 3 km, 3 to 6 km, 6 to 10 km. RM and LM are the right and left moving storms Bunkers' method gives; the shaded area is the 0 to 1 km storm-relative helicity.
Mixed-layer CAPE
0 J/kg
Mixed-layer CIN
-322 J/kg
Surface CAPE
0 J/kg
Mixed-layer LCL
600 m above ground
0-6 km bulk shear
65 kt
0-1 km bulk shear
43 kt
0-1 km storm-relative helicity
542 m²/s²
0-3 km storm-relative helicity
664 m²/s²
Significant tornado parameter
0.0
Supercell composite
0.2
0-3 km lapse rate
4.4 K/km

Open this sounding in Storm Lab

Jackson, MS (KJAN), 12:00Z

4.4 hours after it, 30 km from the path. March 9, 2011.

Skew-T log-pSkew-T log-p diagram, Jackson, MS at 12:00Z on 2011-03-09Temperature and dew point through the depth of the atmosphere, with the mixed-layer parcel lifted from the surface. Mixed-layer CAPE 0 joules per kilogram, CIN -44053, lifted condensation level 898 meters above ground. Wind barbs in knots down the right edge.LCL10008507005003002001001 km2 km3 km6 km9 km12 km15 km-30°-20°-10°0°10°20°30°40°
Temperature in red, dew point in green, the mixed-layer parcel dashed. The warm shading is its CAPE, the cool shading the inhibition it has to break through.
HodographHodograph, Jackson, MS at 12:00Z on 2011-03-09The wind through the lowest 10 kilometers as a curve, rings every 10 meters per second labeled in knots. Zero to 1 km storm-relative helicity -132 square meters per square second, 0 to 6 km bulk shear 53 knots.19395878Sfc1 km3 km6 km9 kmRMLM
The wind turning with height, colored by layer: ground to 1 km, 1 to 3 km, 3 to 6 km, 6 to 10 km. RM and LM are the right and left moving storms Bunkers' method gives; the shaded area is the 0 to 1 km storm-relative helicity.
Mixed-layer CAPE
0 J/kg
Mixed-layer CIN
-44053 J/kg
Surface CAPE
32 J/kg
Mixed-layer LCL
898 m above ground
0-6 km bulk shear
53 kt
0-1 km bulk shear
32 kt
0-1 km storm-relative helicity
-132 m²/s²
0-3 km storm-relative helicity
-197 m²/s²
Significant tornado parameter
0.0
Supercell composite
0.0
0-3 km lapse rate
5.7 K/km

Open this sounding in Storm Lab

The surface observations

Jackson/Hawkins Field (HKS), 24 km from the path, in the two hours either side.

Time (UTC)Temp (°F)Dew point (°F)WindGust (kt)Pressure (mb)Weather
00:00 UTC

From the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of airport observations.

The radar

The Jackson/Brandon,MS radar (KDGX), 34 km away, was scanning. The volume nearest the touchdown began at 07:33 UTC.

Open the radar archive at this moment, over the track

Reflectivity and velocity, decoded from the Level II archive in the browser. Volumes take a few seconds to open the first time.

This ground now

The live radar over the trackEvery 2011 tornado in MississippiEvery tornado in Mississippi since 1950Warnings in force in Mississippi nowThe forecast where you are

The other tornadoes of March 9, 2011

14 more were confirmed in the United States that day.

DateTimeRatingWherePath (mi)Width (yd)DeathsInjuriesDamage
March 91:08 AM CSTEF1Hinds, MS6.0250$150,000
March 94:50 AM CSTEF1Saint Tammany Parish, LA11.0300$100,000
March 95:25 AM CSTEF1Pearl River, MS3.0100$20,000
March 95:45 AM CSTEF1Saint Tammany Parish, LA0.51001$100,000
March 96:08 AM CSTEF0Jefferson Parish, LA1.520$5,000
March 96:52 AM CSTEF2Saint Tammany Parish, LA1.9250$300,000
March 97:34 AM CSTEF1Harrison, MS1.030$20,000
March 97:47 AM CSTEF1Harrison, MS0.330$100,000
March 98:31 AM CSTEF1Mobile, AL0.280
March 98:37 AM CSTEF2Mobile, AL0.91004
March 99:17 AM CSTEF2Baldwin, AL2.0350
March 99:28 AM CSTEF0Escambia, FL0.580
March 910:02 AM CSTEF0Santa Rosa, FL0.150
March 92:10 PM ESTEF0Colquitt, GA0.430$4,000

What this means

Ratings are the survey's, read off the damage rather than measured; the rating scale is above. Tornado counts rise through the record as reporting improved, so a year in the 1950s is not comparable with one today except for the strongest tornadoes, which were always noticed.

Sources

NOAA Storm Prediction Center tornado database, 1950-2025, the official record kept by NOAA's Storm Prediction Center.