EF1 tornado, Ben Vines Gap to Monmouth, Alabama, March 17, 2021

1. EF065 to 85 mph

   Light damage. Surface peeled off some roofs, gutters and siding damaged, branches broken, shallow-rooted trees pushed over.

2. EF186 to 110 mphthis tornado

   Moderate damage. Roofs badly stripped, mobile homes overturned or badly damaged, exterior doors lost, windows broken.

3. EF2111 to 135 mph

   Considerable damage. Roofs torn off well-built houses, frame homes shifted on their foundations, mobile homes destroyed, large trees snapped or uprooted, cars lifted off the ground.

4. EF3136 to 165 mph

   Severe damage. Whole stories of well-built houses destroyed, large buildings badly damaged, trains overturned, trees debarked, heavy cars lifted and thrown.

5. EF4166 to 200 mph

   Devastating damage. Well-built houses leveled, structures with weak foundations moved some distance, cars thrown and large missiles generated.

6. EF5over 200 mph

   Incredible damage. Strong frame houses swept off their foundations, car-sized missiles thrown more than 100 meters, steel-reinforced concrete badly damaged, high-rise buildings deformed.

7. Unrated

   The survey recorded a tornado but could not put a number on it, most often because it crossed open country and damaged nothing a rating can be read from.

Rating

EF1

Date

March 17, 2021

Touchdown

4:30 PM CDT (21:30 UTC)

Lifted

4:38 PM CDT (21:38 UTC)

On the ground

8 minutes

Path length

2.8 miles (4.5 km)

Path width

650 yards (594 m)

Deaths

0

Injuries

0

County

Jefferson County

Touchdown point

33.537, -87.022

Lift-off point

33.568, -86.994

Record number

2103171530-01

53 damage points were recorded along this path by NWS BMX, in the Damage Assessment Toolkit the survey teams carry. The strongest indicator was rated EF1. The highest wind the damage implies is 107 mph.

• Out in the woods northeast
• Garage door blown in. also lofted garbage from landfill
• Trailer was blown over. Outbuilding destroyed. porta potties were knocked over.
• approximate end point (end inaccessible)

Survey points are preliminary and are the raw material the published rating was built from. Source: NWS Damage Assessment Toolkit.

An active southern jet stream set-up across the southern United States during the middle of March. Several short-wave troughs became negatively tilted as each one traversed across Texas and towards Alabama. This resulted in a single hail event one Monday, March 15, and significant tornado outbreak on Wednesday, March 17. Many supercells began to develop across Central Alabama by midday Wednesday and continued into the evening hours before a squall line moved through the state. Sufficient instability and strong wind shear produced conditions favorable for tornadoes to develop. The event consisted of twenty-one tornadoes in the NWS Birmingham forecast area.

National Weather Service meteorologists surveyed damage in west Jefferson County and determined that it was consistent with an EF1 tornado, with maximum winds near 110 mph. The tornado touched down along Crocker Road. At a landfill along Porter Road, several garage doors were blown in, a tractor trailer was blown over, and an outbuilding was destroyed. The tornado reached its maximum intensity where Shady Grove Road crosses Village Creek, snapping numerous trees. The tornado continued into an inaccessible wooded area near Bayview Lake and dissipated prior to reaching Hazelwood Road.

National Weather Service meteorologists surveyed damage in northern Jefferson County and determined that it was consistent with an EF0 tornado, with maximum winds near 85 mph. A tornado touched down near Sutherland Road on the west side of Interstate 65 and tracked northeast crossing Interstate 65 and Highway 31. Damage consisted of downed trees with relatively minor structural damage. However, there were several instances of significant residential and vehicle damage from fallen trees. One person was taken to the hospital with non-life-threatening injuries.

From NOAA NCEI's Storm Events Database, the narrative the local forecast office wrote for Storm Data.

56 minutes of warning. NWS BMX issued a tornado warning for this county at 20:34 UTC, 56 minutes before the tornado touched down, in force until 21:30 UTC.

The county was under a tornado watch, issued at 16:36 UTC and running to 23:48 UTC.

Every warning and watch covering the touchdown point that day, from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service products. Lead time is measured from the issue of the warning in force to the touchdown time in the database, both of which were recorded to the minute by different people.

The Storm Prediction Center had this point in a High Risk, with a 0.30 chance of a tornado within 25 miles, in the hatched area where significant tornadoes were expected. The outlook in force was issued at 21:37 UTC.

SPC's Day 1 convective outlook as it stood when the tornado began, read at the touchdown point. The same archive is on the radar archive.

The radiosonde launches on either side of the tornado, from the nearest station that was launching then, drawn and analyzed the way Storm Lab does: the same diagram, the same parcel and shear definitions SPC's mesoanalysis uses.

Birmingham Municipal (BHM), 24 km from the path, in the two hours either side.

From the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of airport observations.

The Birmingham radar (KBMX), 48 km away, was scanning. The volume nearest the touchdown began at 21:29 UTC.

Open the radar archive at this moment, over the track

Reflectivity and velocity, decoded from the Level II archive in the browser. Volumes take a few seconds to open the first time.

Local storm reports within 60 km of the path, in the three hours either side.

From the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service local storm reports.

The live radar over the trackEvery 2021 tornado in AlabamaEvery tornado in Alabama since 1950Warnings in force in Alabama nowThe forecast where you are

32 more were confirmed in the United States that day.

Ratings are the survey's, read off the damage rather than measured; the rating scale is above. Tornado counts rise through the record as reporting improved, so a year in the 1950s is not comparable with one today except for the strongest tornadoes, which were always noticed.

NOAA Storm Prediction Center tornado database, 1950-2025, the official record kept by NOAA's Storm Prediction Center.