Central Tornado Outbreak and Eastern Severe Weather
One of the severe storm disasters on NOAA’s billion-dollar list: $2.5 billion in losses at 2024 prices ($2.4 billion at the time) and 3 deaths.
What the offices filed during it
The 83 most significant severe storm episodes filed in these dates, colored by kind.
- Tornadoes
- Tropical storms and surge
- Floods
- Wind
- Hail
- Winter weather
- Heat and drought
- Cold
- Fire, smoke and dust
- Marine and coastal
- Other
The toll
- Losses, 2024 dollars
- $2.5 billion
- Losses at the time
- $2.4 billion
- Deaths
- 3
The losses and deaths are NCEI’s, counting everything the disaster did. The episodes below are only what the Weather Service filed in its Storm Events record, which counts damage differently and often not at all, so the two never add up and are shown apart.
By state, as filed
| State | Events | Deaths | Injuries | Damage filed |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Missouri | 116 | 0 | 0 | $13 million |
| West Virginia | 133 | 1 | 1 | $8.3 million |
| Kentucky | 135 | 1 | 24 | $6.1 million |
| Texas | 93 | 0 | 0 | $4.1 million |
| Indiana | 63 | 0 | 11 | $3.6 million |
| Ohio | 115 | 1 | 2 | $2.7 million |
| Illinois | 94 | 0 | 2 | $1.2 million |
| Mississippi | 9 | 0 | 0 | $551,000 |
| Oklahoma | 23 | 1 | 1 | $345,000 |
| Virginia | 21 | 0 | 0 | $336,000 |
| Arkansas | 12 | 0 | 0 | $220,000 |
| Pennsylvania | 54 | 0 | 0 | $112,000 |
| Tennessee | 9 | 0 | 0 | $70,000 |
| Florida | 28 | 0 | 1 | $62,000 |
| Louisiana | 3 | 0 | 0 | $60,000 |
| Georgia | 20 | 0 | 0 | $15,000 |
| Alabama | 18 | 0 | 0 | $6,000 |
| North Carolina | 1 | 0 | 0 | $4,000 |
| Maryland | 1 | 0 | 0 | $2,000 |
| Nevada | 1 | 0 | 0 | $1,000 |
| South Carolina | 20 | 0 | 0 | $800 |
| Kansas | 10 | 0 | 0 | $500 |
| Nebraska | 8 | 0 | 0 | |
| Iowa | 4 | 0 | 0 | |
| Idaho | 3 | 0 | 0 | |
| New Jersey | 2 | 0 | 0 |
Episode by episode
- Hail and Damaging Winds in West Virginia, March 30, 2024A stationary frontal boundary parked over West Virginia contributed to strong thunderstorms on the evening of March 30th.
- Hail in Indiana, March 30, 2024Gusty daytime west-southwesterly winds ahead of a cold frontal passage boosted temperatures nearly 20 degrees above normal, with an afternoon high of 79 at the Lawrenceville-Vincennes Airport.
- Hail in Indiana, March 30, 2024A stationary boundary set up across portions of Southern Illinois and Southwest Indiana near I-64 and became a focal point for shower and thunderstorm development for the evening hours on the 30th with a few storms producing hail.
- Damaging Wind in Indiana, March 30, 2024Ahead of a front dropping south through Indiana, a broken line of convection worked its way through southern Indiana. This resulted in one tree being reported down in Dubois County.
- Hail in Illinois, March 30, 2024A stationary boundary set up across portions of Southern Illinois and Southwest Indiana near I-64 and became a focal point for shower and thunderstorm development for the evening hours on the 30th with a few storms producing sub-severe hail.
- Hail in Iowa, March 31, 2024Widespread showers and storms were seen through March 31, with one severe storm that tracked through southeast Iowa, northeast Missouri, and through central Illinois.
- Hail in Missouri, March 31, 2024Widespread showers and storms were seen through March 31, with one severe storm that tracked through southeast Iowa, northeast Missouri, and through central Illinois.
- Hail in Illinois, March 31, 2024Widespread showers and storms were seen through March 31, with one severe storm that tracked through southeast Iowa, northeast Missouri, and through central Illinois.
- Hail in Nevada, March 31, 2024A trough of low pressure over the region and cold air aloft fueled scattered thunderstorms over the Mojave Desert. One storm produced a large amount of graupel.
- Hail in Virginia, March 31, 2024A warm front draped along central West Virginia and central Virginia provided the focus for a few thunderstorms to develop during the late afternoon. One of these storms became severe and produced large hail in Rockbridge County.
- Hail in Virginia, March 31, 2024An isolated supercell thunderstorm produced marginally severe hail over portions of the central Virginia Piedmont.
- Hail and Damaging Winds in Illinois, March 31, 2024A supercell thunderstorm developed along a warm front just south of Macomb during the early evening of March 31st.
- Hail in Nebraska, March 31, 2024A strong early season thunderstorm developed near Scottsbluff with sub-severe hail up to nickel-sized early in the evening on the 31st.
- Lightning Strike in Illinois, April 1, 2024A nearly stationary frontal boundary draped across central Illinois triggered scattered showers and thunderstorms during the night of March 31st into the pre-dawn hours of April 1st.
- Hail and Damaging Winds in Nebraska, April 1, 2024Upper air analysis on the evening of March 31st showed a strong positively tilted trough with its axis extending from southern California into the northern High Plains.
- Flash Flood and Flooding in Ohio, April 1, 2024Training showers created isolated flooding in portions of the region early Monday morning (April 1st). Convection originated in the Midwest along a stationary boundary.
- Tornadoes and Flash Flooding in Missouri, April 1 to 2, 2024Severe thunderstorms brought damaging wind, large hail, and five tornadoes to the Missouri Ozarks from the evening of April 1st to the early morning hours of April 2nd. A tornado that occurred near Fair Grove was rated in EF-1.
- Hail and Damaging Wind in Oklahoma, April 1, 2024A strong (90-100 knot) mid-level speed maximum, embedded within a broader longwave trough (at 500 mb), approached portions of the area during the afternoon into the evening on the 1st.
- Hail and Damaging Winds in Texas, April 1, 2024The combination of a strong upper level disturbance, a dryline moving east and strong instability resulted in scattered severe thunderstorms across portions of the Big Country and northern Concho Valley. The severe storms produced very large hail and damaging winds.
- Hail in Illinois, April 1, 2024A cluster of primarily sub-severe thunderstorms produced one recorded instance of severe hail over Kankakee County during the afternoon of the 1st.
- Hail and Damaging Winds in Kansas, April 1, 2024An area of showers and thunderstorms moved across parts of Montgomery, Chautauqua, Elk and Labette counties during the evening of April 1st. A severe thunderstorm watch was issued for the affect region and a number of severe thunderstorm warnings were issued.
- Hail and Damaging Winds in Kentucky, April 1, 2024Scattered thunderstorms developed during the afternoon hours along a boundary that was draped along the Ohio River.
- Tornadoes and Flood in Oklahoma, April 1 to 2, 2024Severe thunderstorms developed along a dry line over central and western Oklahoma during the afternoon of the 1st, as a strong upper level disturbance translated into the Southern Plains. The storms moved through eastern Oklahoma during the late afternoon and evening hours.
- Hail in Texas, April 1, 2024A strong (90-100 knot) mid-level speed maximum, embedded within a broader longwave trough (at 500 mb), approached portions of the area during the afternoon into the evening on the 1st.
- Hail and Damaging Winds in Texas, April 1, 2024A lead shortwave associated with an upper trough over the Desert Southwest helped initiate thunderstorms along and ahead of a dryline the afternoon and evening of April 1. Storms developed across the Big Country and spread east across North Texas.
- Hail in Ohio, April 1, 2024Scattered thunderstorms developed during the afternoon hours along a boundary that was draped along the Ohio River.
- Tornado and Flash Flood in Missouri, April 1 to 2, 2024Through the day of April 1, a warm front left much of the area in a warm, moist, and increasingly unstable airmass. This environment supported multiple waves of severe thunderstorms from the evening of April 1st through the early morning of April 2nd.
- Damaging Winds in Kansas, April 1, 2024A developing line of thunderstorms produced isolated winds damage over far southeast Kansa before moving into Missouri and intensifying even further.
- Hail in Illinois, April 1, 2024A nearly stationary frontal boundary just south of I-72 triggered a band of strong thunderstorms during the late afternoon and early evening of April 1st. One of the cells dropped 1.25 diameter hail northwest of Assumption in Christian County.
- Damaging Wind in Virginia, April 1, 2024Thunderstorms developed with a warm and moist atmosphere during the late afternoon and evening hours. One of these storms produced winds strong enough to down three trees near Natural Bridge, VA.
- Hail in Indiana, April 1, 2024A large trough of low pressure slowly approaching Indiana from the central US promoted a broad swath of strong overrunning along the Interstate 70 corridor.
- Hail and Damaging Wind in Texas, April 1 to 2, 2024A cold front moved into a very moist, warm airmass and generated isolated thunderstorms. Some of these storms produced large hail.
- Tornadoes and Damaging Winds in Arkansas, April 1 to 2, 2024Severe thunderstorms developed along a dry line over central and western Oklahoma during the afternoon of the 1st, as a strong upper level disturbance translated into the Southern Plains.
- Hail and Damaging Wind in Illinois, April 2, 2024Through the day of April 1, a warm front lifted north and left much of the area in a warm, moist, and increasingly unstable airmass.
- Tornadoes and Hail in Illinois, April 2, 2024Early morning, the surface low was located just north of St. Louis, Missouri, lifting to the NNE as it rapidly deepened.
- Hail and Damaging Winds in Indiana, April 2, 2024A very favorable environment along and south of a slowly advancing warm frontal zone, included ample vertical wind shear and increasing instability, which was all ahead of a very strong cyclone slowly approaching central Indiana from the west.
- Damaging Winds in Indiana, April 2, 2024An area of showers and thunderstorms moved through the region during the early morning hours.
- Tornado and Damaging Winds in Missouri, April 2, 2024Early morning, the surface low was located just north of St. Louis, Missouri, lifting to the NNE as it rapidly deepened. For Southeast Missouri, early morning effective bulk shear was around 60 kts, with a very high 25-30 kts of 0-1 km shear, while SRHs were around 200 m2/s2.
- Tornadoes and Damaging Winds in Kentucky, April 2, 2024Early morning, the surface low was located just north of St. Louis, Missouri, lifting to the NNE as it rapidly deepened.
- Tornadoes and Damaging Winds in Indiana, April 2, 2024Early morning, the surface low was located just north of St. Louis, Missouri, lifting to the NNE as it rapidly deepened. For Southwest Indiana, early morning effective bulk shear was 65-70 kts, with a very high 25-30 kts of 0-1 km shear, while SRHs were around 150-200 m2/s2.
- Tornadoes and Hail in Indiana, April 2, 2024As a surface low cut across Missouri and Illinois, its eastward stretching warm front moved north across central Indiana while its cold front moved east towards the Lower Ohio Valley.
- Tornadoes and Flash Flooding in Ohio, April 2 to 3, 2024Several rounds of showers and thunderstorms prompted a widespread flash flood problems across the Ohio River Valley on April 2nd to April 3rd.
- Tornadoes and Hail in Kentucky, April 2, 2024As a surface low cut across Missouri and Illinois, its eastward stretching warm front moved north across central Indiana while its cold front moved east towards the Lower Ohio Valley.
- Hail in Mississippi, April 2, 2024Surface low pressure tracked across the Mid-Mississippi Valley on April 2, 2024. A broad warm sector was in place across the Mid-South.
- Tornadoes and Flash Flood in Ohio, April 2, 2024A low pressure system moving through the Ohio Valley produced widespread showers and thunderstorms during the afternoon and evening hours.
- Hail and Damaging Winds in Tennessee, April 2, 2024Surface low pressure tracked across the Mid-Mississippi Valley on April 2, 2024. A broad warm sector was in place across the Mid-South.
- Flash Flooding and Flooding in Pennsylvania, April 2 to 4, 2024Several rounds of showers and thunderstorms prompted a widespread flash flood problems across the Ohio River Valley on April 2nd to April 3rd.
- Tornadoes and Hail in Kentucky, April 2, 2024Eastern Kentucky's first substantial severe weather day of 2024 occurred on April 2nd, as a rapidly intensifying low pressure system tracked just northwest of the area.
- Tornadoes and Flooding in Kentucky, April 2 to 7, 2024A strong low pressure system and accompanying frontal boundary set forth multiple rounds of strong to severe thunderstorms from April 2nd to the 3rd.
- Tornadoes and Flash Flood in Ohio, April 2 to 6, 2024Multiple rounds of showers and thunderstorms moved across parts of Ohio at the start of the month of April.
- Tornadoes and Flooding in West Virginia, April 2 to 7, 2024A strong area of low pressure tracking through the Ohio Valley caused multiple rounds of thunderstorms across the state of West Virginia on April 2nd and 3rd.
- Flash Flooding and Flooding in West Virginia, April 2 to 3, 2024Several rounds of showers and thunderstorms prompted a widespread flash flood problems across the Ohio River Valley on April 2nd to April 3rd.
- Damaging Winds in West Virginia, April 2, 2024A line of severe thunderstorms moved across southeast West Virginia during the late morning and early afternoon hours of the day.
- Hail and Damaging Winds in Virginia, April 2, 2024A line of severe thunderstorms exited West Virginia and moved into the Alleghany Highlands region of southwest Virginia. Winds from these storms downed two trees in Bath County and produced nickel size hail in Alleghany County.
- Damaging Winds in Virginia, April 2, 2024A line of thunderstorms produced several instances of wind damage over the Appalachians before dissipating.
- Hail and Damaging Winds in Tennessee, April 2, 2024A potent storm system tracked across the central United States on April 2, 2024. Despite a primed atmosphere that included CAPE values of 1,000 to 1,500 J/kg, 50 to 70 knots of bulk shear, and a large, curved hodograph that indicated abundant helicity, thunderstorms largely…
- Tornadoes and Flood in Kentucky, April 2, 2024A low pressure system moving through the Ohio Valley produced widespread showers and thunderstorms during the afternoon and evening hours.
- Damaging Wind and Strong Wind in Kentucky, April 2, 2024Following the early morning convection, low pressure remained northwest of the Quad State. Breezy southerly winds during the morning and early afternoon in Western Kentucky gave way to a mid to late afternoon cold frontal passage which produced a line of storms.
- Hail and Strong Wind in Illinois, April 2, 2024Following the early morning convection, low pressure remained northwest of the Quad State. Breezy southerly winds during the morning gave way to a midday cold frontal passage which produced a line of storms in SE Illinois.
- Damaging Winds and Strong Wind in Indiana, April 2, 2024Following the early morning convection, low pressure remained northwest of the Quad State. Breezy southerly winds during the morning gave way to an afternoon cold frontal passage which produced a line of storms in SW Indiana.
- Hail in Mississippi, April 2, 2024A storm crossed the Mississippi River from Louisiana into west central Mississippi producing hail.
- Tornadoes and Damaging Winds in Alabama, April 2, 2024A broken line of strong to severe thunderstorms pushed east through north Alabama during the late afternoon and early evening hours.
- Hail in Louisiana, April 2, 2024An isolated storm produced hail in east-central Louisiana.
- Tornadoes in Illinois, April 2, 2024On the afternoon of the 2nd, a line of thunderstorms produced three weak, short-lived tornadoes over parts of Kankakee County.
- Tornado in Tennessee, April 2, 2024A strong low pressure system, complete with a sweeping cold front, generated thunderstorms across Tennessee and the wider region. One discrete supercell thunderstorm produced a tornado in the northern portions of the Cumberland Plateau in East Tennessee.
- Tornadoes and Flood in Indiana, April 2, 2024A low pressure system moving through the Ohio Valley produced widespread showers and thunderstorms during the afternoon and evening hours.
- Tornadoes and Damaging Winds in Alabama, April 2, 2024A surface low positioned over Lake Michigan moved an associated cold front through Central Alabama during the evening of April 2.
- Tornadoes and Damaging Winds in Georgia, April 2 to 3, 2024A Quasi-Linear Convective System moved through the area through the night of the 2nd into the morning of the 3rd. Convection across West Central GA was weaker with limited to no severe activity due to weaker CAPE values, however shear and helicity were plentiful.
- Damaging Wind in Georgia, April 3, 2024Scattered strong thunderstorms developed across north Georgia during the afternoon and evening. One storm produced brief severe weather in Elbert County.
- Damaging Wind in Maryland, April 3, 2024An isolated thunderstorm produced localized wind damage over western Maryland overnight.
- Damaging Winds in Alabama, April 3, 2024Clusters of strong to severe storms moved across the tri-state area during the early morning hours of April 3. The main impact was damaging winds with scattered reports of trees and power lines down. A couple of measured wind gusts of 60 mph or greater occurred in Bay County, FL.
- Damaging Winds in South Carolina, April 3, 2024A band of showers and thunderstorms, associated with a cold front, moved through the region during the early morning of April 3, 2024. Some of the storms produced strong damaging wind gusts.
- Damaging Winds in Georgia, April 3, 2024Clusters of strong to severe storms moved across the tri-state area during the early morning hours of April 3. The main impact was damaging winds with scattered reports of trees and power lines down. A couple of measured wind gusts of 60 mph or greater occurred in Bay County, FL.
- Damaging Wind in Georgia, April 3, 2024A band of showers and thunderstorms, associated with a cold front, moved through the region during the early morning of April 3, 2024. One of the storms produced an isolated sub-severe wind gust.
- Damaging Winds in Florida, April 3, 2024Clusters of strong to severe storms moved across the tri-state area during the early morning hours of April 3. The main impact was damaging winds with scattered reports of trees and power lines down. A couple of measured wind gusts of 60 mph or greater occurred in Bay County, FL.
- Damaging Wind in South Carolina, April 3, 2024Thunderstorms associated with a cold front produced some strong wind gusts, sub-severe storms, and one instance of severe thunderstorm wind in Hartsville, SC.
- Tornado and Damaging Winds in Florida, April 3, 2024Deep lift provided by a potent trough and upper jet aided deep convection along a prefrontal trough. A stout low level jet preceded the front itself resulting in heavily sheared low levels with bulk shear around 40-50 kts in the lowest 3km.
- Damaging Winds in Florida, April 3, 2024A broken line of thunderstorms ahead of a cold front moving across the eastern Gulf of Mexico produce a few areas of wind damage in Sumter, Pasco and Hillsborough counties.
- Tornadoes and Damaging Winds in Virginia, April 3, 2024An upper level low occluded over the Great Lakes on April 3 with a stationary front across southern Virginia on the morning of the 3rd lifting north as a warm front into the afternoon.
- Damaging Wind in North Carolina, April 3, 2024A strong cold front brought isolated to scattered showers and storms during the afternoon and evening hours. Most of the storms were below severe limits, but there was one report of a tree that fell on a house in Raleigh.
- Damaging Winds in Florida, April 3, 2024A cold front produced severe wind gusts as it moved offshore from Cape Canaveral.
- Hail in New Jersey, April 3, 2024An area of low pressure moved up the Mid-Atlantic coast, with a warm front lifting through New Jersey. This, combined with strong synoptic scale lift and lower freezing levels resulted in some severe-level hail across portions of New Jersey.
- Hail in Idaho, April 3, 2024A cold front moved into the region, bringing severe thunderstorms that brought large hail, gusty winds, and heavy rain to the region.
More
Every billion-dollar disasterEvery storm of 2024Tornadoes in 2024
Sources
NOAA NCEI, U.S. Billion-Dollar Weather and Climate Disasters (2025), https://doi.org/10.25921/stkw-7w73, and the Storm Events Database for the episodes.