Hail in Iowa, July 13, 2023

Area Forecast Discussion
National Weather Service La Crosse WI
243 PM CDT Thu Jul 13 2023

.DISCUSSION...(This evening through Thursday)
Issued at 243 PM CDT Thu Jul 13 2023

Key Messages:

 - Strong to severe storms possible tonight and again Friday. If
   something does develop, winds will be the main threat.

 - The on and off shower and storm chances will continue through
   the weekend into early next week. The chances for organized
   severe weather looks low.

 - A brief break from the rain chances Tuesday before they return
   for the middle of next week.

Tonight and Friday...

Have been monitoring burbling storms and showers for much of the
morning into the afternoon. High resolution Convective Allowing
Models (CAMs) suggested a reduction for surface dewpoint
temperatures from slightly drier air off the deck late this
morning, but the opposite has been occurring. Instead, the dry low
level air, evident in 12Z RAOBS, has remained well to the
southwest in western Iowa while 850/925mb winds are more westerly
within a minute, more moist low level jet. Surface dewpoint
temperatures have decreased by a few degrees early this afternoon,
into the mid 60s, but overall less dry air mixing to the surface
than previously expected. Therefore, storms have been burbling off
the aforementioned low level jet and an accompanying tight
gradient of meager low level isentropic ascent, a weak surface
convergence boundary in south- central Minnesota, and minute mid
to upper level perturbations evident on GOES-East water vapor
imagery. Of the convective allowing models, a blend of the ARW
(13.00/12Z) and Fv3 (13.00/12Z) have been keeping the most
accurate dewpoint temperatures and subsequently, the most accurate
reflectivity today, and have therefore leaned into them fort the
near term forecast.

Storm mode has remained single cellular from a lack of shear (~20
kts Effective Bulk), subsequently crashing its cold pool on its
updraft. The low level trough, convergence, and isentropic ascent
expected to advect through western Wisconsin later this evening,
temporarily abating storm chances. However, early this afternoon,
stronger storms have popped up in north-central Iowa where the
strongest gradient of shear, nearing 30kts, grazes our
southwestern periphery in northeast Iowa. Will be something to
keep and eye on, however, expected to graze our southwestern
edges.

Storm chances return locally tonight into the overnight as all
the aforementioned forcing mechanisms (upper level perturbation,
positively tilted low level trough, warm air advection, minute low
level jet) join forces to push a surface low from central
Minnesota through western Wisconsin. HREF probabilities depict
initial area of storms in central to south-central Minnesota,
advecting southeast; locally impacting southeast Minnesota and
western Wisconsin near

Instability appears sufficient for strong to severe storms, with
high resolution models painting 500-2000 J/kg MUCAPE. High
resolution soundings show elevated nature of storms with inverted
V shape in lower levels, suggesting severe wind as a primary
threat. While 0-6km shear (40kts) initially suggests supercells as
the storm mode, given the elevated nature of storms with
decreasing diurnal influences, realizing lowest 20kts of 0-1 km
shear quite unlikely. Therefore, with increasing shear, congealing
multicellular storms likely.

Storm chances continue through Friday with similar set up as
today. Low level moisture advection with passing waves of upper
level perturbations. At this time, storms could be strong single
cells with sufficient 0-3 km near 30 kts, decreasing above 30 kts.
Again, wind will be the primary threat through the late morning
into the afternoon. As previously mentioned, forcing will be
scattered with lobes of meager warm air advection and mid level
forcing.

Friday night through Monday...

The general upper air pattern is not expected to change much
through the weekend. The upper level low near Hudsons Bay looks to
sink south toward the Upper Great Lakes keeping the local area in
the persistent northwest flow. This will keep the parade of weak
short wave troughs going to produce on and off rain chances. This
activity should be rather scattered in nature as the best surface
boundary to help organized development looks to reside off to the
east of the area from the eastern Great Lakes south through the
Ohio River Valley. This should keep any chances for severe weather
to a minimum with the ECMWF not showing much in the way of CAPE
or shear to work with.

Tuesday and Wednesday...

Some upper level ridging will briefly build in over the Upper
Midwest starting Tuesday to provide a break from the rain chances.
This does not look to last long as another upper level low coming
across southern Canada will quickly flatten the ridge and allow
for the potential of more short wave troughs to work across the
region Tuesday night and Wednesday. This will bring a return of
the rain chances back to the area for the middle of next week.
Temperatures look to be a bit warmer by the middle of next week
with highs reaching the upper 80s for some, but probabilities of
reaching 90 or higher look extremely low at this point. &&

.AVIATION...(For the 18Z TAFS through 18Z Friday afternoon)
Issued at 1229 PM CDT Thu Jul 13 2023

Difficult forecast this afternoon, evening, and overnight.
Instability with a continually moist air mass has made high
resolution forecast models have a difficult time this afternoon.
Have been monitoring TS/RA for much of the morning moving from
west-northwest to east-southeast. Highest confidence (~30%) for
thunder and MVFR cigs overnight at both TAF sites. Lower
confidence (10-20%) this afternoon and evening, therefore have
storms exiting both KRST and KLSE. Otherwise, isolated to
scattered thunder storms possible throughout the day becoming more
prevalent overnight.

&&

.ARX WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES...
WI...NONE.
MN...NONE.
IA...NONE.
&&

DISCUSSION...04/JAR
AVIATION...JAR

Hazardous Weather Outlook
National Weather Service La Crosse WI
117 PM CDT Thu Jul 13 2023

IAZ008>011-018-019-029-030-MNZ079-086>088-094>096-WIZ017-029-
032>034-041>044-053>055-061-141445-
Mitchell-Howard-Winneshiek-Allamakee-Floyd-Chickasaw-Fayette-
Clayton-Wabasha-Dodge-Olmsted-Winona-Mower-Fillmore-Houston-
Taylor-Clark-Buffalo-Trempealeau-Jackson-La Crosse-Monroe-Juneau-
Adams-Vernon-Crawford-Richland-Grant-
117 PM CDT Thu Jul 13 2023

This Hazardous Weather Outlook is for portions of northeast
Iowa...southeast Minnesota...central Wisconsin...north central
Wisconsin...southwest Wisconsin and west central Wisconsin.

.DAY ONE...This Afternoon and Tonight

Some thunderstorms will be possible through tonight. There is the
potential for a few strong to severe storms late this evening into
the overnight across parts of southeast Minnesota. Damaging winds
should be the main threat with this activity.

.DAYS TWO THROUGH SEVEN...Friday through Wednesday

There will be periodic chances for storms from Friday through
early next week. The threat for severe weather remains uncertain
at this time.

.SPOTTER INFORMATION STATEMENT...

Any wind or hail reports tonight would be appreciated.

.EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT COORDINATION...

No webinar is scheduled.