Surface high pressure was located over the region on the morning of February 10th. This gave way to several waves of low pressure that moved near the region from the evening of the 10th and through the 12th.
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Deaths and injuries are direct and indirect together, as the offices filed them. Damage is property and crops in the dollars of the year, not adjusted for inflation, and only where an office estimated it.
The episode as NWS LWX wrote it up.
Surface high pressure was located over the region on the morning of February 10th. This gave way to several waves of low pressure that moved near the region from the evening of the 10th and through the 12th. Several periods of mixed wintry precipitation affected the state of Maryland during this time, with snow accumulations ranging from a coating to half inch across southern Maryland to up to 6 inches across northern Maryland. Portions of the state north and west of Interstate 95 also saw ice accumulations that ranged from a quarter to half inch in some locations.
The local office's own words before the first event, as it sent them, from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service text.
NWS Baltimore/Washington wrote its last area forecast discussion before the first event at Feb 10, 2:59 PM EST, 4 hours 1 minute earlier.
Area Forecast Discussion
National Weather Service Baltimore MD/Washington DC
259 PM EST Sun Feb 10 2019
.SYNOPSIS...
Canadian high pressure will slide east off the coast today. A
wave of low pressure will pass through the area tonight into
Monday. A boundary will stall to our south later Monday before
stronger low pressure likely impacts the area Monday night and
Tuesday. High pressure may return for the middle portion of next
week.
&&
.NEAR TERM /THROUGH MONDAY/...
High pressure moving offshore this afternoon. Mid-high clouds
have overspread the area in response to the onset of warm
advection. As suspected, temperatures have struggled to rise,
with spotty 40 degree readings mainly DC south and east.
Dewpoints still in the lower-mid teens.
While there are still some thermal discrepancies in guidance,
there is consistency that precipitation-- induced by
overrunning, weak positive vorticity advection, and the right
rear quadrant of the upper jet-- will reach the Appalachians
near 00Z and arrive at the Atlantic Coast before 06Z. Based on
potential wet bulb cooling, I do not see rain as a possible
precip type initially. Subtle changes in thermal structure or
precipitation rates will ultimately determine how much
snow/sleet/freezing rain there will be. Going forecast still
offers up mixed wintry precipitation.
Over the course of the night, a warm nose will work north (how
far north still TBD). That will make snow a lesser possibility
and freezing rain a bigger risk. Grids have been shifted in that
direction. Snow/sleet will hold on the longest across northern
Maryland...north of I-70. That's where snow accum forecasts
reach 1-2 inches. Precipitation amounts overall will be light.
Due to the freezing rain/ice accretion threat from wet bulb
cooling, Stafford, Spotsylvania, King George, and Charles
Counties have been added to the Winter Weather Advisory.
Temperatures grids have been shaved a pinch cooler...and are now
lower than all guidance across the board. No other changes of
consequence have been made. Believe that snow and ice
accumulation forecasts are as solid as possible given inherent
uncertainties.
There may be a lull in precipitation Monday morning as the
first wave moves east. That could provide just enough space for
temperatures to inch above freezing. Am not incredibly confident
in how much warming there will be with ice on the ground as
forecast and minimal flow...and will maintain temperatures
forecasts that are cooler than all guidance. However we will
continue with p-type forecasts that transition to all rain at
some point during the day...maybe with a little sleet across
northern Maryland...albeit with a little skepticism.
&&
.SHORT TERM /MONDAY NIGHT THROUGH TUESDAY NIGHT/...
A trough axis and surface low reflection in the central of the
CONUS will transition to the east Monday night and Tuesday...
eventually inducing cyclogenesis over the Great Lakes. This will
support a second wave of warm advection across the area, and
thus additional precipitation. At the same time, high pressure
strengthens over eastern Canada, which will draw more cold air
south into the Mid Atlantic, which will only be enhanced by
nocturnal cooling. As a result, another round of wintry
precipitation appears likely. At this point, believe that
freezing rain would be favored, especially north/west of
Washington DC. However, would not completely rule sleet
out...depending upon the depth of the elevated cold layer.
Again, with warm advection feeding into this system, the trend
should go more toward rain...eventually. Do not believe that
will happen before Tuesday. Rainfall amounts likely to be more
substantial, but that wouldn't necessarily equate to greater
accretion if rates and runoff are high.
Am continuing the theme of undercutting guidance temperatures...
in some cases substantially. Did not make many changes to this
time period, as most decisions launch from how things transpire
tonight and tomorrow. Advisory (or greater) certainly appear
plausible.
&&
.LONG TERM /WEDNESDAY THROUGH SATURDAY/...
High pressure builds in out of the southeastern US on Wednesday,
before sliding offshore on Thursday. Could see some gusty winds on
Wednesday in the wake of the departing surface low. Wind advisories
could be needed for the higher elevations and northern portions of
the CWA, but will evaluate as it gets closer. Other than some
upslope snow showers along the Allegheny Front, dry conditions
expected across the region with high temperatures in the mid to
upper 40s, and maybe even approaching low 50s across central VA and
southern MD. Dry conditions continue into Thursday as high pressure
slides by to the south and offshore. Expect temperatures to be well
above average Thursday as a result, with highs generally in the low
to mid 50s. Would not be surprised to see some areas across central
VA and southern MD hit 60.
On Friday, a potent piece of upper-level shortwave energy swings
southeast out of the northern Plains, bringing an area of surface
low pressure along with it. This surface low will really begin to
materialize over the Ohio Valley and appears to pass well to our
northwest Friday night into early Saturday. Expect precipitation to
break out ahead of the cold front on Friday afternoon, with the bulk
of precipitation coming overnight Friday into Saturday with the
frontal passage. Global model solutions differ slightly in terms of
where the upper-level energy tracks, but generally paint the same
picture for our area, which is an all rain event. However, the GFS
does show the possibility for some snow on the back end of the cold
front, so will have to keep an eye on that and see how that trends
as we get closer. Will leave in the forecast for now, but this would
be very hard to do in this type of event. Thinking that
precipitation may be gone by the time the cold air gets here, but
certainly not out of the question.
Cooler air with gusty winds expected in the wake of the cold frontal
passage on Saturday, but should be dry outside of some upslope snow
showers along the Allegheny Front.
&&
.AVIATION /19Z SUNDAY THROUGH FRIDAY/...
VFR conditions will deteriorate this evening as winter weather
arrives. Flight conditions likely to drop to MVFR/IFR.
Precipitation type forecasts remain challenging, with a mixed
bag likely. The focus overall should be on sleet and freezing
rain. Perhaps there could be a bit of snow mixed in during the
evening. That potential becomes less overnight as warmer air
arrives aloft. There should be a slow transition to rain as
conditions continue to slowly warm...more likely during the
daytime (hopefully morning) hours Monday.
It will cool once again Monday night as more precip arrives.
Thus, believe there will be another period of freezing rain,
maybe mixed with sleet (wouldn't totally rule out snow either)
slowly changing to rain again...also most likely during the
daytime hours Tuesday.
VFR conditions anticipated on Wednesday, but will be accompanied by
gusty westerly winds (potentially >40kts) in the wake of the cold
front. Winds should subside into Thursday as high pressure builds to
the south, with VFR conditions expected to continue.
&&
.MARINE...
South winds less than 10 kt will become east Monday as a weak
boundary lingers to the south. Stronger low pressure approaching
from the southwest Tuesday may allow SCA winds to develop,
though this will depend on the progress of a warm front during
the day, with low confidence regarding its passage over the
waters. Better odds of SCA gusts exist Tuesday night as a cold
front crosses the waters.
As the surface low pushes off to the northeast, gusty winds will
build in its wake into Wednesday. Small Craft Advisories will be
needed at a minimum on Wednesday, with Gale conditions possible,
especially in the afternoon.
No marine hazards expected on Thursday, as high pressure takes over.
&&
.LWX WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES...
DC...Winter Weather Advisory from 7 PM this evening to 10 AM EST
Monday for DCZ001.
MD...Winter Weather Advisory from 7 PM this evening to 10 AM EST
Monday for MDZ003>006-011-013-014-501>508.
Winter Weather Advisory from 10 PM this evening to 7 AM EST
Monday for MDZ016.
VA...Winter Weather Advisory from 7 PM this evening to 10 AM EST
Monday for VAZ025>031-036>040-050>054-501>508.
Winter Weather Advisory from 10 PM this evening to 7 AM EST
Monday for VAZ055>057.
WV...Winter Weather Advisory from 7 PM this evening to 10 AM EST
Monday for WVZ050>053-055-501>506.
MARINE...None.
&&
SYNOPSIS...HTS
NEAR TERM...HTS
SHORT TERM...HTS
LONG TERM...CJL
AVIATION...HTS/CJL
MARINE...HTS/RCM/CJLHazardous Weather Outlook National Weather Service Baltimore MD/Washington DC 112 PM EST Sun Feb 10 2019 ANZ530>543-DCZ001-MDZ011-013-014-016>018-508-VAZ052>057-111815- Chesapeake Bay north of Pooles Island MD- Chesapeake Bay from Pooles Island to Sandy Point MD- Chesapeake Bay from Sandy Point to North Beach MD- Chesapeake Bay from North Beach to Drum Point MD- Chesapeake Bay from Drum Point MD to Smith Point VA- Tidal Potomac from Key Bridge to Indian Head MD- Tidal Potomac from Indian Head to Cobb Island MD- Tidal Potomac from Cobb Island MD to Smith Point VA- Patapsco River including Baltimore Harbor- Chester River to Queenstown MD-Eastern Bay- Choptank River to Cambridge MD and the Little Choptank River- Patuxent River to Broomes Island MD- Tangier Sound and the inland waters surrounding Bloodsworth Island-District of Columbia-Southern Baltimore-Prince Georges- Anne Arundel-Charles-St. Marys-Calvert-Southeast Harford- Prince William/Manassas/Manassas Park-Fairfax- Arlington/Falls Church/Alexandria-Stafford-Spotsylvania- King George- 112 PM EST Sun Feb 10 2019 This Hazardous Weather Outlook is for the Maryland portion of the Chesapeake Bay, Tidal Potomac River, and adjacent counties in central Maryland and northern Virginia as well as the District of Columbia. .DAY ONE...This Afternoon and Tonight A wintry mix of snow, sleet and freezing rain is expected to overspread the area tonight. A Winter Weather Advisory is in effect starting at 7 PM for northern and central Maryland, northern Virginia and Washington DC, and at 10 pm for Stafford, Spotsylvania, King George, and Charles Counties. .DAYS TWO THROUGH SEVEN...Monday through Saturday A wintry mix of snow, sleet and freezing rain is expected to continue into Monday morning. A Winter Weather Advisory is in effect through 10 AM Monday for northern and central Maryland, northern Virginia and Washington DC, and through 7am Monday for Stafford, Spotsylvania, King George, and Charles Counties. There is a threat for wintry precipitation again later Monday into Tuesday. If the threats materialize, there may be travel disruptions. .SPOTTER INFORMATION STATEMENT... Spotters are asked to report significant weather via standard operating procedures. MDZ003>006-501>507-VAZ025>031-036>040-050-051-501>508-WVZ050>053- 055-501>506-111815- Washington-Frederick MD-Carroll-Northern Baltimore- Extreme Western Allegany-Central and Eastern Allegany- Northwest Montgomery-Central and Southeast Montgomery- Northwest Howard-Central and Southeast Howard-Northwest Harford- Augusta-Rockingham-Shenandoah-Frederick VA-Page-Warren-Clarke- Nelson-Albemarle-Greene-Madison-Rappahannock-Orange-Culpeper- Northern Fauquier-Southern Fauquier-Western Highland- Eastern Highland-Western Loudoun-Eastern Loudoun- Northern Virginia Blue Ridge-Central Virginia Blue Ridge- Hampshire-Morgan-Berkeley-Jefferson-Hardy-Western Grant- Eastern Grant-Western Mineral-Eastern Mineral-Western Pendleton- Eastern Pendleton- 112 PM EST Sun Feb 10 2019 This Hazardous Weather Outlook is for eastern West Virginia, northern and central Virginia, and central and western Maryland with the exception of Garrett County. .DAY ONE...This Afternoon and Tonight A wintry mix of snow, sleet and freezing rain is expected to overspread the area tonight. A Winter Weather Advisory is in effect starting at 7 PM. .DAYS TWO THROUGH SEVEN...Monday through Saturday A wintry mix of snow, sleet and freezing rain is expected to continue into Monday morning. A Winter Weather Advisory is in effect through 10 AM Monday. There is a threat for wintry precipitation again later Monday into Tuesday. If the threats materialize, there may be travel disruptions. .SPOTTER INFORMATION STATEMENT... Spotters are asked to report significant weather via standard operating procedures. HTS
The national radar mosaic for the moment the first event began.
9 winter storm, 6 winter weather. Local standard time, as filed.
Snowfall amounts of up to 1 inch were observed across northwest Montgomery County. Ice accumulations of up to 0.30 inches were also observed, especially across the higher elevations.
Snowfall amounts of up to 1 inch were observed across northwest Howard County. Ice accumulations of up to 0.40 inches were also observed, especially across the higher elevations.
Snowfall amounts of 1 to 3 inches were observed across western Allegany County, along with ice accumulations of between 0.33 and 0.50 inches.
Snowfall amounts of 1 to 3 inches were observed across central and eastern Allegany County, along with ice accumulations of between 0.25 and 0.33 inches.
Snowfall amounts of 1 to 3 inches were observed across Washington County, along with ice accumulations of around 0.25 inches.
Snowfall amounts of 1 to 8 inches were observed across Frederick County with the highest accumulations across the higher elevations in the northern portion of the county. Ice accumulations of up to 0.25 inches were also observed.
Snowfall amounts of 3 to 5 inches were observed across Carroll County, with the highest accumulations across the northern portion of the county. Ice accumulations of up to 0.25 inches were also observed.
Snowfall amounts of 2 to 4 inches were observed across northern Baltimore County. Ice accumulations of up to 0.25 inches were also observed.
Snowfall amounts of 3 to 7 inches were observed across northwest Harford County. Ice accumulations of up to 0.25 inches were also observed.
Snowfall amounts of up to 0.5 inches were observed across Prince Georges County.
Snowfall amounts of up to 1.0 inch were observed across central and southeast Montgomery County, along with ice accumulations of up to 0.10 inches.
Snowfall amounts of up to 1.0 inch were observed across central and southeast Howard County, along with ice accumulations of up to 0.10 inches.
Snowfall amounts of up to 1.0 inch were observed across Anne Arundel County, along with a trace of ice accumulation.
Snowfall amounts of between 0.5 and 1.5 inches were observed across southern Baltimore County, along with up to 0.10 inches of ice accumulation.
Snowfall amounts of between 3 and 5 inches were observed across southeast Harford County, along with up to 0.10 inches of ice accumulation.
After NWS Directive 10-1605, the rules offices file Storm Data by.
Every storm in Maryland in 2019Every state in 2019This day in weather historyWarnings in Maryland, February 2019
NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information, Storm Events Database, compiled from the National Weather Service’s monthly Storm Data. Complete through 2026-06; NCEI adds each month about 75 days after it ends and revises past years a few times a year. Rebuilt 2026-09-24. Each event’s entry at NCEI: 803253, 803254, 803246, 803247, 803248, 803249, 803250, 803251, 803252, 803255, 803256, 803257, 803258, 803259, 803260.