Hail, Edwards
- When
- April 27, 4:36 PM CST
- Where
- Edwards County, 9.97 mi WSW of Rocks Spgs Arpt
- Measured
- 1 in hail
- Reported by
- Storm Chaser
- Coordinates
- 29.910, -100.330
Hail and Damaging Wind in Texas, April 27, 2013
A cold front moved through South Central Texas and produced severe thunderstorms. Convection initially began south of the front along a convergence zone, in the warm sector, that moved up from the southeast.
Where it happened
Every event with a place to put it. Tap one for its entry below.
- Tornadoes
- Tropical storms and surge
- Floods
- Wind
- Hail
- Winter weather
- Heat and drought
- Cold
- Fire, smoke and dust
- Marine and coastal
- Other
The toll
- Deaths
- 0
- Injuries
- 0
- Property damage
- $1,000
- Crop damage
- None recorded
- Events
- 13
Deaths and injuries are direct and indirect together, as the offices filed them. Damage is property and crops in the dollars of the year, not adjusted for inflation, and only where an office estimated it.
What happened
The episode as NWS EWX wrote it up.
A cold front moved through South Central Texas and produced severe thunderstorms. Convection initially began south of the front along a convergence zone, in the warm sector, that moved up from the southeast. Later in the evening, the cold front became more active.
What forecasters said that day
The local office's own words before the first event, as it sent them, from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service text.
NWS Austin/San Antonio, TX wrote its last area forecast discussion before the first event at Apr 27, 2:34 PM CST, 2 hours 2 minutes earlier.
Area forecast discussion, Apr 27, 2:34 PM CST, 2 hours 2 minutes before
AREA FORECAST DISCUSSION NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE AUSTIN/SAN ANTONIO TX 334 PM CDT SAT APR 27 2013 .SHORT TERM (TONIGHT THROUGH SUNDAY NIGHT)... THE FRONT IS STALLED ALONG OUR NORTHERN BORDER THIS AFTERNOON AND CONVECTION IS JUST BEGINNING ALONG THIS BOUNDARY. THERE IS ALSO CONVECTION ALONG A CONVERGENCE ZONE MOVING NORTHWARD FROM THE COASTAL PLAINS. THE SOUTHERN BOUNDARY HAS BEEN MORE ACTIVE SO FAR. THE QUESTION NOW IS WHERE DOES IT GO FROM HERE? MOST OF THE MODEL GUIDANCE SUGGESTS THAT THE MAIN AREA OF CONVECTION WILL SPREAD FROM THE SOUTH TO THE NORTH AND WEST...KIND OF BACKWARD OF WHAT WE HAD BEEN THINKING. THE NAM AND NAM MOS HAVE ALMOST NO POPS OR QPF...BUT IT LOOKS TO BE THE OUTLIER. SO...HAVE GENERALLY USED GFS FOR THE SHORT TERM. STILL LOOKING AT CAPE BETWEEN 1500 AND 2000 J/KG THIS EVENING...BUT SHEAR IS ONLY AROUND 40 KTS. SPC HAS US IN A SLIGHT RISK AND THE MAIN THREAT IS LARGE HAIL WITH DAMAGING WIND GUSTS POSSIBLE. THE FRONTAL BOUNDARY IS STILL THE MAIN FOCUS AND THE CONVERGENCE ZONE TO THE SOUTH MAY ALSO REMAIN ACTIVE. BEST TIMING LOOKS LIKE MID EVENING TO AROUND 3 AM. SHOWERS AND THUNDERSTORMS WILL LINGER SUNDAY AND SUNDAY NIGHT PARTICULARLY OVER THE SOUTHWEST. && .LONG TERM (MONDAY THROUGH SATURDAY)... MONDAY THE UPPER LEVEL TROUGH WILL MOVE ACROSS TEXAS AND WE WILL HAVE A SLIGHT CHANCE FOR SHOWERS AND THUNDERSTORMS. TUESDAY AND WEDNESDAY THE LOW LEVEL WINDS WILL TURN BACK AROUND TO THE SOUTHEAST AND BRING BACK WARM...MOIST AIR WITH LATE NIGHT MORNING CLOUDS AND PARTLY CLOUDY WARM AFTERNOONS. THURSDAY THE NEXT STORM SYSTEM WILL MOVE INTO THE REGION. GFS AND ECMWF BOTH SHOW A DEEP MID TO UPPER LEVEL TROUGH DROPPING DOWN THROUGH THE CENTRAL AND SOUTHERN PLAINS AND BRINGING A STRONG COLD FRONT INTO TEXAS. THIS WILL BRING THE NEXT CHANCE FOR PRECIP IN THE FORM OF SHOWERS AND THUNDERSTORMS. IT WILL ALSO BRING MUCH COOLER AIR AND TEMPERATURES FOR THE END OF THE WEEK WILL BE MUCH BELOW NORMAL. && .FIRE WEATHER... THE FRONT ON THURSDAY WILL USHER IN COOLER AND DRIER AIR. THIS WILL LEAD TO FIRE WEATHER CONCERNS. THURSDAY WILL HAVE STRONG NORTH WINDS...BUT THIS WILL BE BEFORE THE DRY AIR. FRIDAY THE RELATIVE HUMIDITY WILL DROP TO NEAR CRITICAL LEVELS DURING THE AFTERNOON OVER THE WESTERN EDWARDS PLATEAU AND RIO GRANDE PLAINS...BUT WINDS WILL BE LIGHT. THIS WILL MEAN ELEVATED FIRE WEATHER CONDITIONS THURSDAY AND FRIDAY. && .PRELIMINARY POINT TEMPS/POPS... AUSTIN CAMP MABRY 64 83 61 83 62 / 60 20 10 20 - AUSTIN BERGSTROM INTL AIRPORT 62 83 59 83 59 / 60 20 10 20 - NEW BRAUNFELS MUNI AIRPORT 63 82 59 83 60 / 60 30 30 20 10 BURNET MUNI AIRPORT 62 82 58 83 60 / 50 20 10 10 - DEL RIO INTL AIRPORT 69 83 61 86 66 / 50 40 30 20 10 GEORGETOWN MUNI AIRPORT 63 82 59 82 60 / 50 20 10 20 - HONDO MUNI AIRPORT 65 83 60 85 62 / 70 40 30 20 10 SAN MARCOS MUNI AIRPORT 64 81 60 82 60 / 60 20 20 20 10 LA GRANGE - FAYETTE REGIONAL 67 83 62 83 63 / 50 30 10 30 10 SAN ANTONIO INTL AIRPORT 65 82 61 83 62 / 60 30 30 20 10 STINSON MUNI AIRPORT 65 82 62 83 62 / 60 30 30 20 10 && .EWX WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES... NONE. && MESOSCALE/AVIATION...10 SYNOPTIC/GRIDS...05 PUBLIC SERVICE/DATA COLLECTION...32
Hazardous weather outlook, Apr 27, 2:06 PM CST, 2 hours 30 minutes before
HAZARDOUS WEATHER OUTLOOK...UPDATED NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE AUSTIN/SAN ANTONIO TX 306 PM CDT SAT APR 27 2013 TXZ171>173-183>194-202>209-217>225-228-282015- LLANO-BURNET-WILLIAMSON-VAL VERDE-EDWARDS-REAL-KERR-BANDERA- GILLESPIE-KENDALL-BLANCO-HAYS-TRAVIS-BASTROP-LEE-KINNEY-UVALDE- MEDINA-BEXAR-COMAL-GUADALUPE-CALDWELL-FAYETTE-MAVERICK-ZAVALA- FRIO-ATASCOSA-WILSON-KARNES-GONZALES-DE WITT-LAVACA-DIMMIT- 306 PM CDT SAT APR 27 2013 THIS HAZARDOUS WEATHER OUTLOOK IS FOR SOUTH CENTRAL TEXAS. .DAY ONE...THIS AFTERNOON AND TONIGHT... THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS EARLY THIS EVENING INTO EARLY SUNDAY MORNING ACROSS ALL OF THE SOUTH CENTRAL TEXAS. THE THREAT OF SEVERE WEATHER WILL BE GREATEST BETWEEN 6 PM THIS EVENING THRU 3 AM SUNDAY MORNING. THUNDERSTORMS WILL DEVELOP OVER THE MOUNTAINS OF MEXICO AND ALONG A COLD FRONT THAT WILL DRIFT SOUTHWARD ACROSS SOUTH CENTRAL TEXAS THIS EVENING INTO SUNDAY MORNING. STORMS ASSOCIATED WITH THE COLD FRONT WILL MOVE INTO THE EDWARDS PLATEAU AND HILL COUNTRY LATE THIS AFTERNOON INTO EARLY THIS EVENING. ADDITIONAL THUNDERSTORMS ARE EXPECTED TO FORM ACROSS THE HIGHER ELEVATIONS OF NORTHERN MEXICO AND MOVE EAST SOUTHEAST ACROSS THE RIO GRANDE PLAINS TONIGHT. SOME OF THE STORMS MAY BECOME SEVERE WITH LARGE HAIL AND DAMAGING WINDS BEING THE PRIMARY THREATS. HOWEVER LOCALLY HEAVY RAINFALL IS ALSO POSSIBLE ACROSS THE RIO GRANDE PLAINS TONIGHT AS STORMS ASSOCIATED WITH THE COLD FROM MERGE WITH THE STORMS COMING OUT OF MEXICO. ISOLATED RAINFALL AMOUNTS OF UP TO 2 INCHES ARE POSSIBLE. .DAYS TWO THROUGH SEVEN...SUNDAY THROUGH FRIDAY... NO HAZARDOUS WEATHER IS EXPECTED AT THIS TIME. .SPOTTER INFORMATION STATEMENT... SPOTTER ACTIVATION WILL NOT BE NEEDED.
In the hours before
Special weather statement, Apr 27, 2:41 PM CST, 1 hour 55 minutes before
SPECIAL WEATHER STATEMENT NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE AUSTIN/SAN ANTONIO TX 341 PM CDT SAT APR 27 2013 TXZ223-272130- GONZALES- 341 PM CDT SAT APR 27 2013 ...SIGNIFICANT WEATHER ADVISORY FOR NORTHEASTERN GONZALES COUNTY UNTIL 430 PM CDT... AT 334 PM CDT...NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE METEOROLOGISTS DETECTED A STRONG THUNDERSTORM NEAR GONZALES...MOVING EAST AT 15 MPH. HAIL UP TO ONE-HALF INCH IN DIAMETER AND WIND GUSTS UP TO 40 MPH ARE EXPECTED WITH THIS STORM...ALONG WITH HEAVY RAIN. LOCATIONS NEAR THE PATH OF THIS STORM INCLUDE... GONZALES... WAELDER... THOMPSONVILLE... LITTLE NEW YORK... DILWORTH... THIS STORM MAY INTENSIFY...SO BE CERTAIN TO MONITOR LOCAL RADIO AND TV STATIONS...AS WELL AS LOCAL CABLE TV OUTLETS... FOR ADDITIONAL INFORMATION AND POSSIBLE WARNINGS FROM THE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE. THE HEAVY RAIN MAY FLOOD LOW LYING AREAS SUCH AS DITCHES...LOW WATER CROSSINGS AND UNDERPASSES. DO NOT DRIVE YOUR VEHICLE ACROSS FLOODED ROADWAYS. LAT...LON 2975 9730 2947 9723 2941 9758 2960 9762 TIME...MOT...LOC 2041Z 253DEG 12KT 2954 9748
Special weather statement, Apr 27, 2:55 PM CST, 1 hour 41 minutes before
SPECIAL WEATHER STATEMENT NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE AUSTIN/SAN ANTONIO TX 355 PM CDT SAT APR 27 2013 TXZ172-173-192-272145- BURNET-TRAVIS-WILLIAMSON- 355 PM CDT SAT APR 27 2013 ...SIGNIFICANT WEATHER ADVISORY FOR SOUTHERN BURNET...WILLIAMSON AND NORTHWESTERN TRAVIS COUNTIES UNTIL 445 PM CDT... AT 354 PM CDT...NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE METEOROLOGISTS DETECTED A STRONG THUNDERSTORM NEAR SMITHWICK...OR 8 MILES EAST OF MARBLE FALLS...MOVING EAST AT 15 MPH. HAIL UP TO ONE-HALF INCH IN DIAMETER AND WIND GUSTS UP TO 50 MPH ARE EXPECTED WITH THIS STORM...ALONG WITH HEAVY RAIN. LOCATIONS NEAR THE PATH OF THIS STORM INCLUDE... CEDAR PARK... SERENADA... GEORGETOWN... TAYLOR... OATMEAL... LIBERTY HILL... LEANDER... ANDICE... SUN CITY... GEORGETOWN DAM... THIS STORM MAY INTENSIFY...SO BE CERTAIN TO MONITOR LOCAL RADIO AND TV STATIONS...AS WELL AS LOCAL CABLE TV OUTLETS... FOR ADDITIONAL INFORMATION AND POSSIBLE WARNINGS FROM THE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE. THE HEAVY RAIN MAY FLOOD LOW LYING AREAS SUCH AS DITCHES...LOW WATER CROSSINGS AND UNDERPASSES. DO NOT DRIVE YOUR VEHICLE ACROSS FLOODED ROADWAYS. LAT...LON 3087 9770 3058 9728 3046 9819 3067 9828 TIME...MOT...LOC 2055Z 249DEG 15KT 3062 9814
Special weather statement, Apr 27, 3:15 PM CST, 1 hour 21 minutes before
SPECIAL WEATHER STATEMENT NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE AUSTIN/SAN ANTONIO TX 415 PM CDT SAT APR 27 2013 TXZ186-188-189-272200- GILLESPIE-KENDALL-KERR- 415 PM CDT SAT APR 27 2013 ...SIGNIFICANT WEATHER ADVISORY FOR SOUTHEASTERN KERR...NORTHERN KENDALL AND SOUTHERN GILLESPIE COUNTIES UNTIL 500 PM CDT... AT 413 PM CDT...NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE METEOROLOGISTS DETECTED A STRONG THUNDERSTORM NEAR CYPRESS CREEK...OR 7 MILES NORTHWEST OF COMFORT...MOVING EAST AT 15 MPH. HAIL UP TO ONE-HALF INCH IN DIAMETER AND WIND GUSTS UP TO 50 MPH ARE EXPECTED WITH THIS STORM...ALONG WITH HEAVY RAIN. LOCATIONS NEAR THE PATH OF THIS STORM INCLUDE... COMFORT... BANKERSMITH... GRAPETOWN... LUCKENBACH... CAIN CITY... ROCKY HILL... BLUMENTHAL... THIS STORM MAY INTENSIFY...SO BE CERTAIN TO MONITOR LOCAL RADIO AND TV STATIONS...AS WELL AS LOCAL CABLE TV OUTLETS... FOR ADDITIONAL INFORMATION AND POSSIBLE WARNINGS FROM THE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE. THE HEAVY RAIN MAY FLOOD LOW LYING AREAS SUCH AS DITCHES...LOW WATER CROSSINGS AND UNDERPASSES. DO NOT DRIVE YOUR VEHICLE ACROSS FLOODED ROADWAYS. LAT...LON 3034 9873 3002 9858 2990 9904 3011 9911 TIME...MOT...LOC 2115Z 249DEG 13KT 3006 9897
Special weather statement, Apr 27, 3:31 PM CST, 1 hour 5 minutes before
SPECIAL WEATHER STATEMENT NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE AUSTIN/SAN ANTONIO TX 431 PM CDT SAT APR 27 2013 TXZ223-225-272215- GONZALES-LAVACA- 431 PM CDT SAT APR 27 2013 ...SIGNIFICANT WEATHER ADVISORY FOR NORTHWESTERN LAVACA AND NORTHEASTERN GONZALES COUNTIES UNTIL 515 PM CDT... AT 423 PM CDT...NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE METEOROLOGISTS DETECTED A STRONG THUNDERSTORM 7 MILES EAST OF GONZALES...MOVING EAST AT 20 MPH. HAIL UP TO ONE-HALF INCH IN DIAMETER AND WIND GUSTS UP TO 50 MPH ARE EXPECTED WITH THIS STORM...ALONG WITH HEAVY RAIN. LOCATIONS NEAR THE PATH OF THIS STORM INCLUDE... MOULTON... WAELDER... NICKLE... NEWTONVILLE... THIS STORM MAY INTENSIFY...SO BE CERTAIN TO MONITOR LOCAL RADIO AND TV STATIONS...AS WELL AS LOCAL CABLE TV OUTLETS... FOR ADDITIONAL INFORMATION AND POSSIBLE WARNINGS FROM THE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE. THE HEAVY RAIN MAY FLOOD LOW LYING AREAS SUCH AS DITCHES...LOW WATER CROSSINGS AND UNDERPASSES. DO NOT DRIVE YOUR VEHICLE ACROSS FLOODED ROADWAYS. LAT...LON 2976 9731 2957 9707 2935 9734 2958 9763 TIME...MOT...LOC 2131Z 251DEG 17KT 2954 9729
Local storm report, Apr 27, 3:45 PM CST, 51 minutes before
PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE AUSTIN/SAN ANTONIO TX
445 PM CDT SAT APR 27 2013
..TIME... ...EVENT... ...CITY LOCATION... ...LAT.LON...
..DATE... ....MAG.... ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
..REMARKS..
0441 PM HAIL 1 W SUN CITY 30.67N 97.73W
04/27/2013 E0.25 INCH WILLIAMSON TX TRAINED SPOTTER
&&
EVENT NUMBER EWX1300284
JPBSpecial weather statement, Apr 27, 3:50 PM CST, 46 minutes before
SPECIAL WEATHER STATEMENT NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE AUSTIN/SAN ANTONIO TX 450 PM CDT SAT APR 27 2013 TXZ184-272230- EDWARDS- 450 PM CDT SAT APR 27 2013 ...SIGNIFICANT WEATHER ADVISORY FOR CENTRAL EDWARDS COUNTY UNTIL 530 PM CDT... AT 448 PM CDT...NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE METEOROLOGISTS DETECTED A STRONG THUNDERSTORM 11 MILES SOUTHEAST OF FLOUR MILLS...OR 13 MILES EAST OF LOMA ALTA...MOVING EAST AT 20 MPH. HAIL UP TO THE SIZE OF NICKELS AND WIND GUSTS UP TO 50 MPH ARE EXPECTED WITH THIS STORM...ALONG WITH HEAVY RAIN. LOCATIONS NEAR THE PATH OF THIS STORM INCLUDE... ROCKSPRINGS... DEVILS SINKHOLE STATE NATURAL AREA... THIS STORM MAY INTENSIFY...SO BE CERTAIN TO MONITOR LOCAL RADIO AND TV STATIONS...AS WELL AS LOCAL CABLE TV OUTLETS... FOR ADDITIONAL INFORMATION AND POSSIBLE WARNINGS FROM THE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE. THE HEAVY RAIN MAY FLOOD LOW LYING AREAS SUCH AS DITCHES...LOW WATER CROSSINGS AND UNDERPASSES. DO NOT DRIVE YOUR VEHICLE ACROSS FLOODED ROADWAYS. LAT...LON 3021 10008 2967 10011 2976 10063 3011 10064 TIME...MOT...LOC 2150Z 259DEG 18KT 2991 10053
The radar
The Laughlin AFB radar (KDFX), 71 km away, was scanning. The volume nearest the first event began at 22:37 UTC.
Event by event
12 hail, 1 thunderstorm wind. Local standard time, as filed.
Hail, Edwards
- When
- April 27, 4:47 PM CST
- Where
- Edwards County, 2.76 mi WSW of Rocks Spgs Arpt
- Measured
- 1 in hail
- Reported by
- CoCoRaHS
- Coordinates
- 29.930, -100.210
Hail, Edwards
- When
- April 27, 5:45 PM CST
- Where
- Edwards County, 16.26 mi WSW of Rocks Spgs Arpt
- Measured
- 1 in hail
- Reported by
- CoCoRaHS
- Coordinates
- 29.840, -100.410
Hail, Real
- When
- April 27, 6:55 PM CST
- Where
- Real County, 7.97 mi SSW of Vance
- Measured
- 1 in hail
- Reported by
- Storm Chaser
- Coordinates
- 29.710, -100.040
Hail, Edwards
- When
- April 27, 7:00 PM CST
- Where
- Edwards County, 1.38 mi WNW of Barksdale
- Measured
- 1.25 in hail
- Reported by
- Trained Spotter
- Coordinates
- 29.730, -100.050
Hail, Real
- When
- April 27, 7:10 PM CST
- Where
- Real County, 6.4 mi SE of Vance
- Measured
- 0.88 in hail
- Property damage
- $1,000
- Reported by
- CoCoRaHS
- Coordinates
- 29.750, -99.930
A thunderstorm produced nickel size hail that dented a car east of Barksdale.
Hail, Bexar
- When
- April 27, 8:30 PM CST
- Where
- Bexar County, 3.66 mi SSE of Losoya
- Measured
- 0.88 in hail
- Reported by
- Trained Spotter
- Coordinates
- 29.180, -98.430
Hail, Medina
- When
- April 27, 8:48 PM CST
- Where
- Medina County, 0.92 mi NW of Hondo
- Measured
- 0.88 in hail
- Reported by
- Law Enforcement
- Coordinates
- 29.360, -99.160
Hail, Comal
- When
- April 27, 10:15 PM CST
- Where
- Comal County, 2.27 mi NW of New Braunfels
- Measured
- 0.88 in hail
- Reported by
- NWS Employee
- Coordinates
- 29.720, -98.160
Hail, Comal
- When
- April 27, 10:15 PM CST
- Where
- Comal County, 2.77 mi WNW of New Braunfels
- Measured
- 1 in hail
- Reported by
- CoCoRaHS
- Coordinates
- 29.720, -98.170
Hail, Lee
- When
- April 27, 10:22 PM CST
- Where
- Lee County, 0.91 mi SW of Lexington
- Measured
- 0.88 in hail
- Reported by
- Public
- Coordinates
- 30.410, -97.010
Thunderstorm Wind, Wilson
- When
- April 27, 10:26 PM CST
- Where
- Wilson County, 2.78 mi ENE of Three Oaks
- Measured
- 50 kt (58 mph) estimated gust
- Reported by
- Emergency Manager
- Coordinates
- 28.990, -98.130
A thunderstorm produced wind gusts estimated at 58 mph that damaged a house roof.
Hail, Hays
- When
- April 27, 11:28 PM CST
- Where
- Hays County, Driftwood
- Measured
- 1.75 in hail
- Reported by
- Trained Spotter
- Coordinates
- 30.120, -98.030
A thunderstorm produced hail that covered the ground. The largest hail was golf ball size, but was mostly smaller.
What these are
- Hail
- Hail three-quarters of an inch or larger, or smaller hail that caused damage, filed with the largest stone measured.
- Thunderstorm Wind
- Winds from a thunderstorm of 50 knots (58 mph) or more, or lower winds that caused damage or casualties. Measured gusts are marked MG, estimated EG.
After NWS Directive 10-1605, the rules offices file Storm Data by.
The same day elsewhere
- Flooding in North Dakota, April 27 to 30, 2013
- Flash Flooding and Flood in Tennessee, April 27 to 28, 2013
- Tornado and Hail in Mississippi, April 27, 2013
- Flash Flooding and Hail in Texas, April 27, 2013
- Tornado and Flash Flooding in Tennessee, April 27, 2013
- Hail and Damaging Winds in Arkansas, April 27, 2013
- Flash Flooding and Flood in Kentucky, April 27, 2013
- Tornado and Hail in Louisiana, April 27, 2013
- High Wind in Montana, April 27, 2013
- Flooding in Kentucky, April 27 to 30, 2013
- Flash Flooding and Damaging Wind in Texas, April 27 to 28, 2013
- Flash Flooding and Hail in Mississippi, April 27 to 28, 2013
More
Every storm in Texas in 2013Every state in 2013This day in weather historyWarnings in Texas, April 2013
Sources
NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information, Storm Events Database, compiled from the National Weather Service’s monthly Storm Data. Complete through 2026-06; NCEI adds each month about 75 days after it ends and revises past years a few times a year. Rebuilt 2026-09-24. Each event’s entry at NCEI: 439843, 439844, 439845, 439846, 439847, 439849, 439850, 439852, 439856, 439857, 439858, 439860, 439861.