A narrow, low-topped pre-frontal squall line advanced eastward across the Laurel Highlands and south-central mountains during the late morning. Although the squall line exhibited little to no lightning due to its shallow nature, the convective enhancement aided the downward transfer of 50-60kt southerly winds (low-level jet) that were present just above the surface.
Every event with a place to put it. Tap one for its entry below.
Deaths and injuries are direct and indirect together, as the offices filed them. Damage is property and crops in the dollars of the year, not adjusted for inflation, and only where an office estimated it.
The episode as NWS CTP wrote it up.
A narrow, low-topped pre-frontal squall line advanced eastward across the Laurel Highlands and south-central mountains during the late morning. Although the squall line exhibited little to no lightning due to its shallow nature, the convective enhancement aided the downward transfer of 50-60kt southerly winds (low-level jet) that were present just above the surface. The narrow line of enhanced showers produced isolated wind damage and high wind gusts before weakening as it moved to the east of the Allegheny Front into more stable air.
The local office's own words before the first event, as it sent them, from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service text.
NWS State College, PA wrote its last area forecast discussion before the first event at Jan 30, 10:03 AM EST, 1 hour 21 minutes earlier.
AREA FORECAST DISCUSSION NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE STATE COLLEGE PA 1003 AM EST WED JAN 30 2013 .SYNOPSIS... A MILD SOUTHERLY FLOW AHEAD OF A POWERFUL COLD FRONT WILL BRING UNSEASONABLY WARM TEMPERATURES TODAY. THE SHARP COLD FRONT WILL PLOW THROUGH THE AREA LATER TODAY AND TONIGHT...ACCOMPANIED BY STRONG GUSTY WINDS AND SIGNIFICANT RAINFALL. A LINE OF FAST-MOVING THUNDERSTORMS MAY FORM ALONG THE FRONT...ENHANCING THE THREAT FOR HEAVY RAIN AND STRONG WINDS. A COLD AND BRISK NORTHWEST FLOW BEHIND THE FRONT WILL BRING BELOW NORMAL TEMPERATURES THROUGH THE END OF THE WEEK...WITH ACCUMULATING SNOW LIKELY IN THE NORTHWEST MOUNTAINS AND LAUREL HIGHLANDS. && .NEAR TERM /THROUGH TONIGHT/... IMPRESSIVE 850 MB WIND FIELD TRANSLATING EASTWARD ACROSS THE ALLEGHENIES THIS MORNING. WEAKENING CONVECTIVE LINE WHICH PREVIOUSLY EXHIBITED A SHARP NCFRB OVER EASTERN OHIO HAS PUSHED INTO PA WITH MODERATE SHOWERS NOW OVER WARREN...MCKEAN AND ELK COUNTIES. HIGH RES MESO MODELS INDICATE CONTINUED WEAKENING OF THE INITIAL LINE... WHICH IS HUNDREDS OF MILES AHEAD OF THE COLD FRONT... THROUGH THE EARLY AFTERNOON HOURS...WITH A SECONDARY SURGE OF SHOWER ACTIVITY DEVELOPING THIS AFTERNOON AND EVENING AHEAD OF THE COLD FRONT. HIGHER ELEVS ARE WELL MIXED AND LOW STATIC STABILITY IN THE HIGHLY SHEARED BOUNDARY LAYER SUPPORTS DOWNWARD MIXING OF HIGHER WINDS OVER THE RIDGES AND WESTERN VALLEYS. WINDS WILL REMAIN GUSTY IN ADVANCE AND BEHIND TONIGHT'S COLD FRONT...AND AGAIN WITH THE ISALLOBARIC COUPLET PASSAGE THURSDAY MORNING. WITH THIS IN MIND...ISSUED A LONG DURATION WIND ADVISORY MATCHING UP NICELY WITH BUF AND LWX FOR THE LAUREL HIGHLANDS THROUGH THE NORTHWEST MOUNTAINS. MY EASTERN VALLEYS HAVE YET TO MIX OUT AND REMAIN IN THE MIDDLE TO UPPER 30S. ELSEWHERE...HUGE TEMP JUMPS HAVE BEEN SEEN ACROSS CENTRAL AND WESTERN PORTIONS OF THE COMMONWEALTH WHERE WIDESPREAD 50S AND 60S PREVAIL...EVEN A 70F THIS HOUR AT KLBE. THE LLVL COLD AIR DAMMING SHOULD FINALLY BE SCOURED OUT AHEAD OF THE FRONT...WITH GUSTY/MILD SSWLY WINDS AIDING IN MUCH- ABOVE NORMAL MAXES WITH HIGHS IN THE 55-65 RANGE. TEMPS WILL FALL SHARPLY BEHIND THE FRONT LATE TONIGHT WITH LOWS 25-40F FROM NW TO SE. A VIGOROUS MID-UPPER LEVEL TROUGH AND ASSOCD HEIGHT FALLS WILL SHIFT EWD ACRS THE MS/TN/OH VLYS TDY AND REACH THE N-CENTRAL APPALACHIANS BY THE END OF THE PD. AN IMPRESSIVE 60-80KT SSWLY LLJ WILL PRECEDE THE H5 TROUGH AND ITS ATTENDANT WELL-DEFINED COLD FRONT...SUPPORTING A VERY STG MSTR FLUX WITH PWAT VALUES ON THE ORDER OF +3-5 STD. THE HIGHLY ANOMALOUS PWATS/MSTR FLUX ALONG WITH STRONG LG SCALE AND FRONTAL LIFT WILL SUPPORT SIGNIFICANT RAFL AMTS ALONG/AHEAD OF THE ADVANCING FRONTAL BOUNDARY. THE 30/00Z MODEL SUITE SHOWED GOOD AGREEMENT WITH QPF PLACEMENT AND AMTS...WITH MINOR TIMING DIFFS ON HOW QUICKLY THE PCPN PUSHES EWD. THE GFS IS A BIT MORE PROGRESSIVE THAN THE OTHER GUIDANCE...BUT ALL OF THE MODELS APPEAR TO HAVE SLOWED DOWN AND SHIFTED THE MAIN QPF AXIS A LITTLE FURTHER WEST. THIS WWD SHIFT IS ALSO REFLECTED IN THE SREF/GEFS PROBABILITIES. FOLLOWED HPC QPF FOR D1 WITH WDSPRD 1" INCH AMTS THRU 12Z THUR...WITH LOCALIZED 2" AMTS POSSIBLE. THE FCST MOD TO HVY RAINFALL COMBINED WITH ENHANCED RUNOFF DUE TO COLD SEASON HYDRO EFFECT WILL CAUSE SIGNIFICANT RISES ON AREA RIVERS AND STREAMS. THERE IS THE POTENTIAL FOR INTENSE RAINFALL OVER A SHORT PERIOD WHICH MAY LEAD TO RAPID RISES ALONG SMALLER STREAMS AND CREEKS. GIVEN SOME UNCERTAINTY IN THE AXIS OF HIGHEST QPF AND NOTABLE WWD SHIFT IN THE MODELS...DECIDED TO EXPAND THE FLOOD WATCH TO ENCOMPASS THE ENTIRE CWA. ALSO CUT THE END TIME BACK TO 12Z THURS TO COINCIDE WITH THE END OF THE SIGNIFICANT RAINFALL AND NEIGHBORING OFFICES. COLD AIR WILL QUICKLY RUSH IN BEHIND THE COLD FRONT LATE TONIGHT INTO EARLY THURS...AND MAY TRANSITION RAIN TO SNOW ACRS THE WRN ALLEGHENIES WITH A LGT ACCUM /1" OR LESS/ POSSIBLE BY 12Z THURS. THE SNOW ACCUM IS MORE OF A DAY 2-3 ISSUE AND WILL EXPAND ON THIS IN THE SHORT TERM SECTION. && .SHORT TERM /THURSDAY THROUGH FRIDAY NIGHT/... THIS PERIOD WILL BE HIGHLIGHTED BY A BRUTAL REMINDER THAT WE ARE STILL IN THE WINTER SEASON. 850MB TEMPS WILL GO FROM PLUS 10-15C TO MINUS 10-15C IN ABOUT 12-18 HOURS. WITH STRONG AND COLD NW FLOW TRAJECTORIES DEVELOPING OVER THE GRT LKS...EXPECT LAKE ENHANCED SNOWS OVER THE WESTERN HIGH TERRAIN WITH LGT-MOD ACCUMS PSBL IN THE NW SNOWBELT AND LAUREL HIGHLANDS. STAYED CLOSED TO HPC WWD NUMBERS...WITH AMTS SPREAD OUT OVER A 24-30PD TO AVOID AN ADVY AT THIS POINT. BUFKIT SOUNDINGS SUGGEST PEAK WIND GUSTS IN EXCESS OF 40KTS ARE PSBL DURING THE DAY...WITH STRONG CAA SUPPORTING DEEP BLYR MIXING OF HIGHER MOMENTUM WINDS ALOFT DOWN TO THE SFC. AGAIN WILL HIGHLIGHT STRONG WINDS IN THE HWO FOR THURS...WITH A GENERAL SLACKENING INTO THURS NGT. TEMPS WILL RANGE FROM THE MID 20S IN THE ALLEGHENIES TO THE UPPER 30S/LOW 40S IN THE SE ZONES. THESE MAY BE EARLY HIGHS WITH A STEADY DOSE OF CAA EXPECTED THRU THE DAY WHICH MAY RESULT IN STEADY TO SLOWLY FALLING TEMPS. SEVERAL MODELS SHOW A REINFORCING S/W TROUGH PIVOTING SEWD FROM THE UPPER MS VLY AND ROTATING THRU THE OH VLY INTO THE MID-ATLC AND NE STATES ON FRI. AN ASSOC CLIPPER TYPE SYSTEM IS FCST TO STREAK EWD ALONG THE OH RIVER INTO THE WV/MD PHNDLS. ALTHOUGH MDL QPFS INDICATE SNOWS REMAINING CONFINED TO THE WRN MTNS...THE TRACK OF THE HEIGHT FALL CENTER AND SFC LOW TO THE SOUTH OF PA SUGGESTS MUCH OF THE AREA MAY BE IN THE SWEET SPOT FOR A PERIOD OF LGT WAA OR JET-ENHANCED DEFORMATION SNOW. THE NEW 30/03Z SREF MEAN IS DEPICTING THIS QUITE WELL. ANOTHER PERIOD OF GUSTY WINDS IS LKLY FRIDAY AS THIS CLIPPER CONTINUES TO TRACK EWD OFF THE NJ/DELMARVA. && .LONG TERM /SATURDAY THROUGH TUESDAY/... ARRIVAL OF HIGH PRES RIDGE SHOULD BRING AN END TO LES ACTIVITY BY SATURDAY. A WEAK UPPER LEVEL FEATURE WILL BRING CLOUDS AND LIKELY -SN TO THE AREA SATURDAY NIGHT BEFORE HIGH PRES RETURNS AGAIN FOR SUNDAY...THOUGH SNOW SHOWERS LINGER IN HIGHER TERRAIN THANKS TO UPSLOPE FLOW. TEMPS MODERATE A BIT THIS WEEKEND...BUT HIGHS STILL TOP OUT A BIT BELOW NORMAL. FLOW PATTERN TRIES TO BECOME MORE ZONAL EARLY NEXT WEEK...THOUGH STRONGER CLIPPER SYSTEM ROTATES THROUGH THE WEAK CYC FLOW IN TUE TIMEFRAME /BUT TIMING REMAINS IN QUESTION DUE TO VARIATIONS IN HOW THE MODELS HANDLE THE INDIVIDUAL SHORTWAVES/. THIS SHOULD BRING SOMEWHAT MILDER AIR INTO THE REGION FOR EARLY IN THE WEEK. && .AVIATION /15Z WEDNESDAY THROUGH SUNDAY/... THE FRONT CREEPS EASTWARD OVERWHELMING THE COLD AIR WHICH WILL ERODE ANY TRAPPED MOISTURE. THIS WILL SLOWLY LIFT ANY DENSE FOG THAT HAS SETTLED OVER THE EASTERN TAF STIES. THE WESTERN TAF SITES REMAIN IN SOUTHERN FLOW WITH MAINLY CLEAR SKIES. THE DENSE FOG SHOULD LIFT BY LATE MORNING...THOUGH LOW CIGS SHOULD REMAIN THROUGH MOST OF THE DAY. AS THE COLD FRONT APPROACHES LATER TODAY...EXPECT RAIN SHOWERS...WITH POSSIBLE THUNDERSTORMS DUE TO THE WARM TEMPERATURES...LOW LEVEL JET AND INSTABILITY. ANY CLEAR SKIES WILL GIVE WAY TO IFR CIGS AND VSBYS LATE THIS AFTERNOON AND OVERNIGHT. STRONG LOW LEVEL JET WILL ALLOW FOR LLWS LATE THIS MORNING AND THROUGH THE DAY AND OVERNIGHT...BEFORE IT MOVES OFF POST FRONTAL...AROUND 09Z. EXPECT RAIN SHOWERS TO MOVE THROUGH THE REGION FROM BEGINNING AROUND 18Z IN THE WEST AND MAKING IT/S WAY INTERMITTENLY OVERNIGHT. OUTLOOK... WED...LOW CIGS/FOG...ESP NORTH AND EAST. AFTERNOON SHOWERS WILL DEVELOP FOLLOWED BY A STRONG COLD FROPA WED EVENING...WITH GUSTY THUNDERSTORMS POSSIBLE. THU...SHSN/LOW VSBYS POSSIBLE W MTNS. FRI-SUN...SHSN/MVFR CIGS POSS W MTNS. && .CTP WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES... FLOOD WATCH FROM 1 PM EST THIS AFTERNOON THROUGH THURSDAY MORNING FOR PAZ004>006-010>012-017>019-024>028-033>037-041-042- 045-046-049>053-056>059-063>066. WIND ADVISORY UNTIL NOON EST THURSDAY FOR PAZ004-005-010-011- 017-024-025-033-034. && SYNOPSIS...STEINBUGL NEAR TERM...DEVOIR/STEINBUGL SHORT TERM...STEINBUGL LONG TERM...CERU AVIATION...CERU
HAZARDOUS WEATHER OUTLOOK NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE STATE COLLEGE PA 933 AM EST WED JAN 30 2013 PAZ006-012-018-019-037-041-042-045-046-049>053-058-311445- POTTER-NORTHERN CLINTON-NORTHERN CENTRE-SOUTHERN CENTRE-TIOGA- NORTHERN LYCOMING-SULLIVAN-SOUTHERN CLINTON-SOUTHERN LYCOMING-UNION- SNYDER-MONTOUR-NORTHUMBERLAND-COLUMBIA-SCHUYLKILL- 933 AM EST WED JAN 30 2013 ...FLOOD WATCH IN EFFECT FROM 1 PM EST THIS AFTERNOON THROUGH THURSDAY MORNING... THIS HAZARDOUS WEATHER OUTLOOK IS FOR CENTRAL PENNSYLVANIA. .DAY ONE...TODAY AND TONIGHT. PLEASE LISTEN TO NOAA WEATHER RADIO OR GO TO WEATHER.GOV/STATECOLLEGE ON THE INTERNET FOR MORE INFORMATION ABOUT THE FOLLOWING HAZARDS. FLOOD WATCH. STRONG WINDS ARE EXPECTED ALONG AND BEHIND A SHARP COLD FRONTAL PASSAGE. PEAK GUSTS UP TO 45 MPH ARE POSSIBLE ESPECIALLY OVER THE HIGHER ELEVATIONS. .DAYS TWO THROUGH SEVEN...THURSDAY THROUGH TUESDAY. PLEASE LISTEN TO NOAA WEATHER RADIO OR GO TO WEATHER.GOV/STATECOLLEGE ON THE INTERNET FOR MORE INFORMATION ABOUT THE FOLLOWING HAZARDS. FLOOD WATCH. STRONG WINDS WILL CONTINUE ON THURSDAY WITH PEAK GUSTS IN THE 40 TO 45 MPH RANGE. .SPOTTER INFORMATION STATEMENT... SPOTTER ACTIVATION IS NOT EXPECTED AT THIS TIME. PAZ010-011-017-311445- ELK-CAMERON-CLEARFIELD- 933 AM EST WED JAN 30 2013 ...WIND ADVISORY IN EFFECT UNTIL NOON EST THURSDAY... ...FLOOD WATCH IN EFFECT FROM 1 PM EST THIS AFTERNOON THROUGH THURSDAY MORNING... THIS HAZARDOUS WEATHER OUTLOOK IS FOR CENTRAL PENNSYLVANIA. .DAY ONE...TODAY AND TONIGHT. PLEASE LISTEN TO NOAA WEATHER RADIO OR GO TO WEATHER.GOV/STATECOLLEGE ON THE INTERNET FOR MORE INFORMATION ABOUT THE FOLLOWING HAZARDS. WIND ADVISORY. FLOOD WATCH. STRONG WINDS ARE EXPECTED ALONG AND BEHIND A SHARP COLD FRONTAL PASSAGE. PEAK GUSTS UP TO 45 MPH ARE POSSIBLE ESPECIALLY OVER THE HIGHER ELEVATIONS. .DAYS TWO THROUGH SEVEN...THURSDAY THROUGH TUESDAY. PLEASE LISTEN TO NOAA WEATHER RADIO OR GO TO WEATHER.GOV/STATECOLLEGE ON THE INTERNET FOR MORE INFORMATION ABOUT THE FOLLOWING HAZARDS. WIND ADVISORY. FLOOD WATCH. STRONG WINDS WILL CONTINUE ON THURSDAY WITH PEAK GUSTS IN THE 40 TO 45 MPH RANGE. .SPOTTER INFORMATION STATEMENT... SPOTTER ACTIVATION IS NOT EXPECTED AT THIS TIME. PAZ004-005-311445- WARREN-MCKEAN- 933 AM EST WED JAN 30 2013 ...WIND ADVISORY IN EFFECT UNTIL NOON EST THURSDAY... ...FLOOD WATCH IN EFFECT FROM 1 PM EST THIS AFTERNOON THROUGH THURSDAY MORNING... THIS HAZARDOUS WEATHER OUTLOOK IS FOR CENTRAL PENNSYLVANIA. .DAY ONE...TODAY AND TONIGHT. PLEASE LISTEN TO NOAA WEATHER RADIO OR GO TO WEATHER.GOV/STATECOLLEGE ON THE INTERNET FOR MORE INFORMATION ABOUT THE FOLLOWING HAZARDS. WIND ADVISORY. FLOOD WATCH. STRONG WINDS ARE EXPECTED ALONG AND BEHIND A SHARP COLD FRONTAL PASSAGE. PEAK GUSTS UP TO 45 MPH ARE POSSIBLE ESPECIALLY OVER THE HIGHER ELEVATIONS. .DAYS TWO THROUGH SEVEN...THURSDAY THROUGH TUESDAY. PLEASE LISTEN TO NOAA WEATHER RADIO OR GO TO WEATHER.GOV/STATECOLLEGE ON THE INTERNET FOR MORE INFORMATION ABOUT THE FOLLOWING HAZARDS. WIND ADVISORY. FLOOD WATCH. STRONG WINDS WILL CONTINUE ON THURSDAY WITH PEAK GUSTS IN THE 40 TO 45 MPH RANGE. PERSISTENT LAKE EFFECT SNOW SHOWERS MAY PRODUCE MODERATE SNOW ACCUMULATIONS THROUGH FRIDAY. .SPOTTER INFORMATION STATEMENT... SPOTTER ACTIVATION IS NOT EXPECTED AT THIS TIME. PAZ024-025-033-034-311445- CAMBRIA-BLAIR-SOMERSET-BEDFORD- 933 AM EST WED JAN 30 2013 ...WIND ADVISORY IN EFFECT UNTIL NOON EST THURSDAY... ...FLOOD WATCH IN EFFECT FROM 1 PM EST THIS AFTERNOON THROUGH THURSDAY MORNING... THIS HAZARDOUS WEATHER OUTLOOK IS FOR CENTRAL PENNSYLVANIA. .DAY ONE...TODAY AND TONIGHT. PLEASE LISTEN TO NOAA WEATHER RADIO OR GO TO WEATHER.GOV/STATECOLLEGE ON THE INTERNET FOR MORE INFORMATION ABOUT THE FOLLOWING HAZARDS. WIND ADVISORY. FLOOD WATCH. THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS THIS AFTERNOON AND EARLY TONIGHT. A NARROW...FAST MOVING LINE OF SHOWERS AND THUNDERSTORMS MAY PRODUCE DAMAGING WIND GUSTS. STRONG WINDS ARE EXPECTED ALONG AND BEHIND A SHARP COLD FRONTAL PASSAGE. PEAK GUSTS UP TO 45 MPH ARE POSSIBLE ESPECIALLY OVER THE HIGHER ELEVATIONS. .DAYS TWO THROUGH SEVEN...THURSDAY THROUGH TUESDAY. PLEASE LISTEN TO NOAA WEATHER RADIO OR GO TO WEATHER.GOV/STATECOLLEGE ON THE INTERNET FOR MORE INFORMATION ABOUT THE FOLLOWING HAZARDS. WIND ADVISORY. FLOOD WATCH. STRONG WINDS WILL CONTINUE ON THURSDAY WITH PEAK GUSTS IN THE 40 TO 45 MPH RANGE. PERSISTENT LAKE EFFECT SNOW SHOWERS MAY PRODUCE MODERATE SNOW ACCUMULATIONS IN THE LAUREL HIGHLANDS THROUGH FRIDAY. .SPOTTER INFORMATION STATEMENT... SPOTTER ACTIVATION IS NOT EXPECTED AT THIS TIME. PAZ026>028-035-036-056-057-059-063>066-311445- HUNTINGDON-MIFFLIN-JUNIATA-FULTON-FRANKLIN-PERRY-DAUPHIN-LEBANON- CUMBERLAND-ADAMS-YORK-LANCASTER- 933 AM EST WED JAN 30 2013 ...FLOOD WATCH IN EFFECT FROM 1 PM EST THIS AFTERNOON THROUGH THURSDAY MORNING... THIS HAZARDOUS WEATHER OUTLOOK IS FOR CENTRAL PENNSYLVANIA. .DAY ONE...TODAY AND TONIGHT. PLEASE LISTEN TO NOAA WEATHER RADIO OR GO TO WEATHER.GOV/STATECOLLEGE ON THE INTERNET FOR MORE INFORMATION ABOUT THE FOLLOWING HAZARDS. FLOOD WATCH. THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS THIS AFTERNOON AND EARLY TONIGHT. A NARROW...FAST MOVING LINE OF SHOWERS AND THUNDERSTORMS MAY PRODUCE DAMAGING WIND GUSTS. STRONG WINDS ARE EXPECTED ALONG AND BEHIND A SHARP COLD FRONTAL PASSAGE. PEAK GUSTS UP TO 45 MPH ARE POSSIBLE ESPECIALLY OVER THE HIGHER ELEVATIONS. .DAYS TWO THROUGH SEVEN...THURSDAY THROUGH TUESDAY. PLEASE LISTEN TO NOAA WEATHER RADIO OR GO TO WEATHER.GOV/STATECOLLEGE ON THE INTERNET FOR MORE INFORMATION ABOUT THE FOLLOWING HAZARDS. FLOOD WATCH. STRONG WINDS WILL CONTINUE ON THURSDAY WITH PEAK GUSTS IN THE 40 TO 45 MPH RANGE. PERSISTENT LAKE EFFECT SNOW SHOWERS MAY PRODUCE MODERATE SNOW ACCUMULATIONS IN THE LAUREL HIGHLANDS THROUGH FRIDAY. .SPOTTER INFORMATION STATEMENT... SPOTTER ACTIVATION IS NOT EXPECTED AT THIS TIME.
The State College radar (KCCX), 91 km away, was scanning. The volume nearest the first event began at 16:23 UTC.
2 thunderstorm wind. Local standard time, as filed.
A 69 mph thunderstorm wind gust was measured on the Chickaree Summit near the Cambria/Indiana county-line. The thunderstorm winds knocked down trees. Pea size hail was also reported.
Thunderstorm winds estimated near 60 mph knocked down trees and large limbs along Royer Mansion Road near Williamsburg. The downed trees damaged a fence.
After NWS Directive 10-1605, the rules offices file Storm Data by.
Every storm in Pennsylvania in 2013Every state in 2013This day in weather historyWarnings in Pennsylvania, January 2013
NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information, Storm Events Database, compiled from the National Weather Service’s monthly Storm Data. Complete through 2026-06; NCEI adds each month about 75 days after it ends and revises past years a few times a year. Rebuilt 2026-09-24. Each event’s entry at NCEI: 422108, 422107.