Significant earthquakes of 1784

May 13, 1784 Earthquake: Arequipa,camana,moquegua,tambo, Peru

May 13, 1784 · M8 · 383 deaths

A magnitude 8 earthquake struck Arequipa,camana,moquegua,tambo, Peru on May 13, 1784 at 12:35 UTC. It killed 383 people.

Map

Where it struck, with the other significant earthquakes within 200 km. Circles are sized and colored by magnitude; select one for its page.

The earthquake

Date
May 13, 1784
Time
12:35 UTC
Place
Arequipa,camana,moquegua,tambo, Peru
Magnitude
8 (Ms)
Intensity
10 on the Modified Mercalli scale
Epicenter
16.500° S, 72.000° W
Country
Peru

The toll

Deaths
383
Damage
Severe (about $5 to $25 million)
Houses destroyed
Many (101 to 1,000)

Where the literature gives no number, NCEI records a description on a scale of 1 to 4, printed here in its words. Damage is in millions of US dollars of the year of the event, not adjusted for inflation.

What the record says

NCEI’s account, from the sources it cites.

May 13, 1784, Peru, Arequipa, the districts of Camana and Moquegua, intensity III which corresponds to an earthquake which destroyed towns and devastated districts. (reference #1055)

May 13, 1784, at 07:35. Earthquake which ruined the city of Arequipa and most of its churches. It caused the death of 54 persons and 500 injuries. It threw down the arch of the bridge and damaged the pavement of the streets. Towns within a radius of 100 km were also ruined. noteworthy for the number of aftershocks which followed the main movement. (reference #1111)

May 13, 1784, 12:36 UTC, 16.5 S, 72 W, depth 70 km, magnitude 7.8, intensity X, earthquake sound heard, casualties. (reference #1208)

May 13, 17784, 07:35 [local time], 16.5 S, 72 W, VIII-IX at Arequipa, intensity VIII at Camana, Moquegua, Tambo, Vitor, intensity VII-VIII at Tiabaya, intensity III-IV at Chivay, tsunami intensity I. (reference #1211)

May 13, 1784. ... total number of deaths 383. [from manuscript of earthquake 1784, in Arequipa, Univ. of Indiana, Bloomington USA] (reference #1211)

May 13, 1784, 12:36 UTC, 16.5 S, 72 W, depth 27 km, magnitude 8, intensity IX. (references #1218 and #1221)

May 13, 1784 Intensity approximately IX degree of Mercalli Scale, radius of affected area 1000 km. Duration of the movements was more than 4 minutes. Total destruction of all kinds of buildings including churches among them the cathedral. Many persons dead. Among 2,609 houses only 72 remained standing but in very bad condition. Followed by aftershocks that occurred almost every day until it gradually died down. (reference #1102)

May 13, 1784, a terrible shock at Arequipa. The districts of Cumana and Maquiqua were devastated. Masses of soil were transported to great distances. (reference #496)

May 15. A succession of most terrible jolts, in less than five minutes, all of downtown Arequipa, where nothing remained on foot that the convent of Récollets. A stone bridge very firmly built is also completely destroyed. Several districts, which were more arid before, currently offer sources; water so abundant, that it is in the shape of the very navigable rivers. In spite of the excessive number of the buildings fallen in ruin ... people buried under the debris do not exceed 500. The districts of Cumana and Moquegua are completely destroyed. (reference #1532)

Other significant earthquakes nearby

Within 200 km, the deadliest first.

More

Significant earthquakes of 1784The 1700sRecent earthquakes near hereThis day in weather history

Sources

Significant earthquakes from NOAA’s National Centers for Environmental Information, Global Historical Hazard Database, cited as NCEI/WDS, doi:10.7289/V5PN93H7. Public domain. Read 2026-09-24. NCEI earthquake 1471.