Alert archive / Kansas / Tornado Warnings in 2026

Tornado Warning 61, NWS Topeka, KS

June 10, 2026Dickinson County, Morris County, Kansas

NWS Topeka, KS issued this tornado warning at Jun 10, 2026, 7:54 PM CDT for Dickinson County, Morris County, Kansas. It was in force for 51 min. 3 reports came from inside the area while it was in force.

The area

The outline as issued, with what was reported inside it.

The facts

Issued
Jun 10, 2026, 7:54 PM CDT (00:54 UTC)
Expired
Jun 10, 2026, 8:45 PM CDT
In force
51 min
Issued by
NWS Topeka, KS
Area
Storm-based polygon
Tornado
Radar indicated
Hail
1.75 in

Counties Dickinson County, KS, Morris County, KS

The radar

The Topeka radar (KTWX), 65 km from the middle of the area, began a volume at 00:56 UTC, the scan nearest the moment this went out.

Open the radar archive at this moment

The archived warnings, watches and discussions in force at that minute are drawn over the scan, this one among them.

What was reported inside it

TimeReportWhereRemark
Jun 10, 8:15 PM CDTFUNNEL CLOUD3 Wnw Woodbine, KS
Jun 10, 8:20 PM CDTTORNADO3 Nne Herington, KSConfirmed via video feed on highway 77 and K4 junction.
Jun 10, 8:24 PM CDTTORNADO4 Nnw Herington, KS

Local storm reports filed while the alert was in force, from inside its polygon or its counties.

Did it verify

Verified. The Iowa Environmental Mesonet's Cow matched 2 storm reports to this tornado warning; the first came 26 minutes after it went out.

Cow counts a report within 15 km of the polygon while the warning was in force: a tornado for a tornado warning; hail of 1 inch or more, a gust of 58 mph or more or wind damage for a severe thunderstorm warning; a flash flood report for a flash flood warning.

The watch it was issued in

The SPC watch in force over the same counties when this warning went out.

IssuedProductOfficeLasted
Jun 10, 2:12 PM CDTTornado WatchSPC9 hr

The nearest sounding before it

Topeka, KS (KTOP), launched 00:00Z, 0.9 hours before the alert went out and 116 km from the middle of its area. This is the routine balloon launch nearest before it, the air the forecaster had in hand, not a measurement taken for the alert.

Skew-T log-pSkew-T log-p diagram, Topeka, KS at 00:00Z on 2026-06-11Temperature and dew point through the depth of the atmosphere, with the mixed-layer parcel. CAPE 2804 joules per kilogram.LCLLFCEL10008507005003002001001 km2 km3 km6 km9 km12 km15 km-30°-20°-10°0°10°20°30°40°
Temperature in red, dew point in green, the mixed-layer parcel dashed.
HodographHodograph, Topeka, KS at 00:00Z on 2026-06-11The wind through the lowest 10 kilometers. Zero to 1 km storm-relative helicity 180 square meters per square second.19395878Sfc1 km3 km6 km9 kmRMLM
The wind turning with height, colored by layer: ground to 1 km, 1 to 3 km, 3 to 6 km, 6 to 10 km.
Mixed-layer CAPE
2804 J/kg
Mixed-layer CIN
-9 J/kg
Mixed-layer LCL
1422 m above ground
0-6 km bulk shear
43 kt
0-1 km storm-relative helicity
180 m²/s²
0-3 km storm-relative helicity
233 m²/s²
Significant tornado parameter
2.1
Supercell composite
16.0

Open this sounding in Storm Lab

The text

As transmitted.

958 
WFUS53 KTOP 110054
TORTOP
KSC041-127-110145-
/O.NEW.KTOP.TO.W.0061.260611T0054Z-260611T0145Z/

BULLETIN - EAS ACTIVATION REQUESTED
Tornado Warning
National Weather Service Topeka KS
754 PM CDT Wed Jun 10 2026

The National Weather Service in Topeka has issued a

* Tornado Warning for...
  East central Dickinson County in central Kansas...
  Northwestern Morris County in east central Kansas...

* Until 845 PM CDT.

* At 754 PM CDT, a severe thunderstorm capable of producing a tornado
  was located 4 miles northwest of Woodbine, moving southeast at 15
  mph.

  HAZARD...Tornado and golf ball size hail.

  SOURCE...Radar indicated rotation.

  IMPACT...Flying debris will be dangerous to those caught without 
           shelter. Mobile homes will be damaged or destroyed. 
           Damage to roofs, windows, and vehicles will occur.  Tree 
           damage is likely.

* Locations impacted include...
  Herington and Woodbine.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

TAKE COVER NOW! Move to a basement or an interior room on the lowest
floor of a sturdy building. Avoid windows. If you are outdoors, in a
mobile home, or in a vehicle, move to the closest substantial shelter
and protect yourself from flying debris.

&&

LAT...LON 3883 9710 3890 9701 3888 9693 3887 9693
      3887 9689 3884 9678 3867 9693
TIME...MOT...LOC 0054Z 311DEG 14KT 3884 9701 

TORNADO...RADAR INDICATED
MAX HAIL SIZE...1.75 IN

$$

Gargan
4 follow-up statements
403 
WWUS53 KTOP 110107
SVSTOP

Severe Weather Statement
National Weather Service Topeka KS
807 PM CDT Wed Jun 10 2026

KSC041-127-110145-
/O.CON.KTOP.TO.W.0061.000000T0000Z-260611T0145Z/
Dickinson-Morris-
807 PM CDT Wed Jun 10 2026

...A TORNADO WARNING REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 845 PM CDT FOR EAST
CENTRAL DICKINSON AND WEST CENTRAL MORRIS COUNTIES...

At 806 PM CDT, a severe thunderstorm capable of producing a tornado 
was located over 3 miles west of  Woodbine, moving southeast at 15 
mph.

HAZARD...Tornado and golf ball size hail.

SOURCE...Radar indicated rotation.

IMPACT...Flying debris will be dangerous to those caught without 
         shelter. Mobile homes will be damaged or destroyed. Damage 
         to roofs, windows, and vehicles will occur.  Tree damage is 
         likely.

Locations impacted include...
Herington and Woodbine.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

TAKE COVER NOW! Move to a basement or an interior room on the lowest
floor of a sturdy building. Avoid windows. If you are outdoors, in a
mobile home, or in a vehicle, move to the closest substantial shelter
and protect yourself from flying debris.

&&

LAT...LON 3881 9707 3886 9699 3884 9694 3883 9693
      3882 9690 3879 9683 3867 9693
TIME...MOT...LOC 0106Z 320DEG 13KT 3880 9699 

TORNADO...RADAR INDICATED
MAX HAIL SIZE...1.75 IN

$$

Gargan
789 
WWUS53 KTOP 110119
SVSTOP

Severe Weather Statement
National Weather Service Topeka KS
819 PM CDT Wed Jun 10 2026

KSC041-127-110145-
/O.CON.KTOP.TO.W.0061.000000T0000Z-260611T0145Z/
Dickinson-Morris-
819 PM CDT Wed Jun 10 2026

...A TORNADO WARNING REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 845 PM CDT FOR EAST
CENTRAL DICKINSON AND WEST CENTRAL MORRIS COUNTIES...

At 819 PM CDT, a confirmed tornado 2 miles northwest of Woodbine, 
moving southeast at 15 mph.

HAZARD...Damaging tornado and golf ball size hail.

SOURCE...Weather spotters confirmed tornado.

IMPACT...Flying debris will be dangerous to those caught without 
         shelter. Mobile homes will be damaged or destroyed. Damage 
         to roofs, windows, and vehicles will occur.  Tree damage is 
         likely.

Locations impacted include...
Herington and Woodbine.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

To repeat, a tornado is on the ground. TAKE COVER NOW! Move to a
basement or an interior room on the lowest floor of a sturdy
building. Avoid windows. If you are outdoors, in a mobile home, or in
a vehicle, move to the closest substantial shelter and protect
yourself from flying debris.

&&

LAT...LON 3879 9705 3885 9699 3883 9694 3881 9690
      3879 9683 3867 9693
TIME...MOT...LOC 0119Z 311DEG 10KT 3879 9698 

TORNADO...OBSERVED
MAX HAIL SIZE...1.75 IN

$$

Gargan
424 
WWUS53 KTOP 110123
SVSTOP

Severe Weather Statement
National Weather Service Topeka KS
823 PM CDT Wed Jun 10 2026

KSC041-127-110145-
/O.CON.KTOP.TO.W.0061.000000T0000Z-260611T0145Z/
Dickinson-Morris-
823 PM CDT Wed Jun 10 2026

...A TORNADO WARNING REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 845 PM CDT FOR EAST
CENTRAL DICKINSON AND WEST CENTRAL MORRIS COUNTIES...

At 823 PM CDT, a confirmed tornado was 5 miles south of Woodbine, 
moving southeast at 15 mph.

HAZARD...Damaging tornado and golf ball size hail.

SOURCE...Emergency management confirmed tornado.

IMPACT...Flying debris will be dangerous to those caught without 
         shelter. Mobile homes will be damaged or destroyed. Damage 
         to roofs, windows, and vehicles will occur.  Tree damage is 
         likely.

Locations impacted include...
Herington and Woodbine.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

To repeat, a tornado is on the ground. TAKE COVER NOW! Move to a
basement or an interior room on the lowest floor of a sturdy
building. Avoid windows. If you are outdoors, in a mobile home, or in
a vehicle, move to the closest substantial shelter and protect
yourself from flying debris.

&&

LAT...LON 3877 9703 3883 9697 3881 9693 3878 9684
      3867 9693
TIME...MOT...LOC 0123Z 315DEG 14KT 3875 9695 

TORNADO...OBSERVED
MAX HAIL SIZE...1.75 IN

$$

Gargan
936 
WWUS53 KTOP 110128
SVSTOP

Severe Weather Statement
National Weather Service Topeka KS
828 PM CDT Wed Jun 10 2026

KSC041-127-110145-
/O.CON.KTOP.TO.W.0061.000000T0000Z-260611T0145Z/
Dickinson-Morris-
828 PM CDT Wed Jun 10 2026

...A TORNADO WARNING REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 845 PM CDT FOR EAST
CENTRAL DICKINSON AND WEST CENTRAL MORRIS COUNTIES...

At 828 PM CDT, a severe thunderstorm capable of producing a tornado
was located near Herington, moving southeast at 35 mph.

HAZARD...Tornado and golf ball size hail.

SOURCE...Radar indicated rotation.

IMPACT...Flying debris will be dangerous to those caught without 
         shelter. Mobile homes will be damaged or destroyed. Damage 
         to roofs, windows, and vehicles will occur.  Tree damage is 
         likely.

Locations impacted include...
Herington and Woodbine.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

TAKE COVER NOW! Move to a basement or an interior room on the lowest
floor of a sturdy building. Avoid windows. If you are outdoors, in a
mobile home, or in a vehicle, move to the closest substantial shelter
and protect yourself from flying debris.

&&

LAT...LON 3875 9701 3881 9695 3881 9693 3878 9684
      3867 9693
TIME...MOT...LOC 0128Z 320DEG 29KT 3873 9693 

TORNADO...RADAR INDICATED
MAX HAIL SIZE...1.75 IN

$$

Gargan

What forecasters said that day

The local office's own words before this tornado warning went out, as it sent them, from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service text.

NWS Topeka, KS wrote its last area forecast discussion before this tornado warning went out at Jun 10, 6:25 PM CDT, 1 hour 29 minutes earlier. Its key messages:

  • Storms are expected to develop across northeast into central KS this afternoon and early evening, some of which could be severe. Large hail, damaging wind, tornadoes, and locally heavy rainfall are all possible.
  • A few storms may develop Thursday afternoon southeast of I-35, although that probability is decreasing (20-40%).
  • Dry Friday, then turning wet again on Saturday. Temperatures look cooler late this week into early next week.
Area forecast discussion, Jun 10, 6:25 PM CDT, 1 hour 29 minutes before
Area Forecast Discussion
National Weather Service Topeka KS
625 PM CDT Wed Jun 10 2026

.KEY MESSAGES...

- Storms are expected to develop across northeast into central KS
this afternoon and early evening, some of which could be severe.
Large hail, damaging wind, tornadoes, and locally heavy rainfall are
all possible.

- A few storms may develop Thursday afternoon southeast of I-35,
although that probability is decreasing (20-40%).

- Dry Friday, then turning wet again on Saturday. Temperatures look
cooler late this week into early next week.

&&

.DISCUSSION...
Issued at 248 PM CDT Wed Jun 10 2026

Broad cyclonic flow encompasses the Northern/Central Rockies and
Plains early this afternoon. One area of sfc low pressure is noted
in southeast CO extending into southwest KS, while another is
centered in western MN with a cold front extending into eastern NE.
On the mesoscale, there are two main areas to monitor for convective
initiation this afternoon. An outflow boundary from morning
convection in northern MO may help to focus the first storms in
northwest MO and far northeast KS. Additionally, convergence along
the sfc trough boundary may help to develop a few storms towards
central KS. Our area is right in between these two features. The 18z
RAOB had a little bit of MLCIN remaining with not much more surface
heating required to erode the cap. SPC mesoanalysis suggests 3000-
3500 J/kg of MLCAPE currently, with models suggesting 4000-4500 J/kg
with another hour or two of surface heating. Deep-layer shear is
sufficient for supercells as well. One challenge that remains is how
long any storms may remain discrete before cell interactions come
into play. There is a component of shear vectors that's parallel to
the boundaries, but not entirely. More recent HRRR runs have shown
better directional shear in the low levels with a more southerly sfc
wind compared to earlier, resulting in better low-level shear this
afternoon as well. As such, tornadoes will remain a potential threat
with any storms as long as they remain discrete. Large hail and
damaging wind continue to be the main severe hazards with either
supercells or multicell clusters after storms interact with each
other. Pwat remains high, so these storms should be efficient
rainfall producers with heavy downpours. 12z CAMs and HRRR runs
thereafter have been fairly consistent in only isolated areas seeing
amounts greater than an inch, and the 90th percentile of the HREF
supports this idea as well. With this in mind, would not rule out
some localized flooding if a storm stays over the same area for a
long time, but think this threat looks too isolated to support a
flood watch across a large area.

Storms should diminish towards/after sunset as inhibition increases
and the sfc low to our southwest deepens, which pushes the sfc
boundaries to our north. A second round of storms is favored to
remain north of our area in Nebraska, which is where the better
forcing is with the nose of the LLJ and approaching cold front.
Heading into Thursday, the frontal boundary moves across the area
and has been trending faster. Much of the guidance now has this
almost entirely through our area by 21z Thursday. This presents a
low probability for storms to develop southeast of I-35 in the
afternoon, though some guidance suggests we may miss this round
entirely.

Friday brings a drier and cooler air mass, leading to a quieter day
with highs in the 80s and sfc high pressure overhead. This is short-
lived, however, as southerly low-level flow returns moisture into
the area with zonal flow aloft as we sit between ridging to our
south and troughing to our north. A mid-level perturbation should
trigger another round of showers and storms during the afternoon and
evening. The exact area of greatest risk will depend on where the
sfc frontal boundary sets up, but will need to monitor once again
for flooding concerns with high Pwat and potential for severe
weather. The boundary looks to sag south for Sunday, lowering rain
chances but still keeping the baroclinic zone close enough to
justify some chance PoPs for the area.

Northwest flow aloft takes shape early next week. While rain chances
are less certain, this should usher in a much cooler and drier air
mass than we've seen recently, bringing highs down into the 70s and
dew points in the 50s!

&&

.AVIATION /00Z TAFS THROUGH 00Z FRIDAY/...
Issued at 625 PM CDT Wed Jun 10 2026

Storms have developed just northwest of MHK, so will maintain timing
of TS there, but have adjusted timing to be about an hour later at
TOP/FOE based on current radar and satellite trends. Otherwise,
expect southerly winds to increase overnight and remain gusty
through the day Thursday. A cold front will switch winds to the
northwest around midday. VFR conditions are expected outside of any
impacts from TS this evening.

&&

.TOP WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES...
None.

&&

DISCUSSION...Picha
AVIATION...Picha
Hazardous weather outlook, Jun 10, 2:53 PM CDT, 5 hours 1 minute before
Hazardous Weather Outlook
National Weather Service Topeka KS
253 PM CDT Wed Jun 10 2026

KSZ008>012-020>024-026-034>040-054>056-058-059-112000-
Republic-Washington-Marshall-Nemaha-Brown-Cloud-Clay-Riley-
Pottawatomie-Jackson-Jefferson-Ottawa-Dickinson-Geary-Morris-
Wabaunsee-Shawnee-Douglas-Lyon-Osage-Franklin-Coffey-Anderson-
253 PM CDT Wed Jun 10 2026

This Hazardous Weather Outlook is for portions of central Kansas,
east central Kansas, north central Kansas, and northeast Kansas.

.DAY ONE...This Afternoon and Tonight

There is an enhanced risk of severe weather this afternoon into
the early evening. Large hail, damaging wind, tornadoes, and
locally heavy rainfall are all possible.

.DAYS TWO THROUGH SEVEN...Thursday through Tuesday

Locations southeast of Interstate 35 may see thunderstorms late
Thursday afternoon. If they occur, large hail, damaging wind, and
localized flooding are the main concerns.

.SPOTTER INFORMATION STATEMENT...

Spotters are encouraged to report large hail, damaging winds,
tornadoes, and flooding to the National Weather Service in
Topeka.

In the hours before

Local storm report, Jun 10, 7:14 PM CDT, 40 minutes before
Preliminary Local Storm Report
National Weather Service Topeka KS
714 PM CDT Wed Jun 10 2026

..TIME...   ...EVENT...      ...CITY LOCATION...     ...LAT.LON...
..DATE...   ....MAG....      ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

0712 PM     Tornado          2 ENE Abilene           38.93N 97.18W
06/10/2026                   Dickinson          KS   Trained Spotter

&&

JP
Local storm report, Jun 10, 7:18 PM CDT, 36 minutes before
Preliminary Local Storm Report
National Weather Service Topeka KS
718 PM CDT Wed Jun 10 2026

..TIME...   ...EVENT...      ...CITY LOCATION...     ...LAT.LON...
..DATE...   ....MAG....      ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

0715 PM     Tstm Wnd Gst     3 ENE Abilene           38.93N 97.17W
06/10/2026  E70 MPH          Dickinson          KS   Emergency Mngr

            Quarter size hail also reported.

&&

JP
Local storm report, Jun 10, 7:23 PM CDT, 31 minutes before
Preliminary Local Storm Report
National Weather Service Topeka KS
723 PM CDT Wed Jun 10 2026

..TIME...   ...EVENT...      ...CITY LOCATION...     ...LAT.LON...
..DATE...   ....MAG....      ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

0723 PM     Hail             2 N Enterprise          38.93N 97.12W
06/10/2026  M1.75 Inch       Dickinson          KS   Trained Spotter

&&

BD
Local storm report, Jun 10, 7:28 PM CDT, 26 minutes before
Preliminary Local Storm Report
National Weather Service Topeka KS
728 PM CDT Wed Jun 10 2026

..TIME...   ...EVENT...      ...CITY LOCATION...     ...LAT.LON...
..DATE...   ....MAG....      ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

0727 PM     Hail             3 NE Abilene            38.94N 97.17W
06/10/2026  M1.25 Inch       Dickinson          KS   Trained Spotter

            Very heavy rain.

&&

JP
Local storm report, Jun 10, 7:36 PM CDT, 18 minutes before
Preliminary Local Storm Report
National Weather Service Topeka KS
736 PM CDT Wed Jun 10 2026

..TIME...   ...EVENT...      ...CITY LOCATION...     ...LAT.LON...
..DATE...   ....MAG....      ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

0736 PM     Funnel Cloud     3 SSW Enterprise        38.87N 97.14W
06/10/2026                   Dickinson          KS   Public

&&

BD
Local storm report, Jun 10, 7:50 PM CDT, 4 minutes before
Preliminary Local Storm Report
National Weather Service Topeka KS
750 PM CDT Wed Jun 10 2026

..TIME...   ...EVENT...      ...CITY LOCATION...     ...LAT.LON...
..DATE...   ....MAG....      ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

0749 PM     Flash Flood      2 SSW Moonlight         38.98N 97.11W
06/10/2026                   Dickinson          KS   Trained Spotter

            Water completely covering several spots on
            the road.

&&

BD

The office that day

Everything else NWS Topeka, KS issued on the same UTC day.

IssuedProductOfficeCountiesLasted
Jun 10, 7:00 PM CDTSevere Thunderstorm Warning Considerable damage threatTOPPottawatomie, Riley, Wabaunsee30 min
Jun 10, 7:05 PM CDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningTOPDickinson25 min
Jun 10, 7:09 PM CDTTornado WarningTOPDickinson51 min
Jun 10, 7:11 PM CDTAreal Flood AdvisoryTOPDickinson, Ottawa22 min
Jun 10, 7:23 PM CDTSevere Thunderstorm Warning Considerable damage threatTOPJackson, Pottawatomie, Shawnee, Wabaunsee52 min
Jun 10, 7:25 PM CDTTornado WarningTOPDickinson50 min
Jun 10, 7:29 PM CDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningTOPNemaha32 min
Jun 10, 7:33 PM CDTFlash Flood WarningTOPDickinson, Ottawa5 hr
Jun 10, 7:34 PM CDTTornado WarningTOPDickinson41 min
Jun 10, 7:51 PM CDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningTOPRiley, Wabaunsee24 min
Jun 10, 8:01 PM CDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningTOPBrown12 min
Jun 10, 8:08 PM CDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningTOPShawnee, Wabaunsee37 min
Jun 10, 8:15 PM CDTFlash Flood WarningTOPDickinson, Geary, Morris4 hr
Jun 10, 8:29 PM CDTAreal Flood WarningTOPPottawatomie, Wabaunsee3 hr
Jun 10, 8:33 PM CDTTornado WarningTOPDickinson, Morris42 min
Jun 10, 8:40 PM CDTSevere Thunderstorm Warning Considerable damage threatTOPOsage, Shawnee, Wabaunsee39 min
Jun 10, 8:48 PM CDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningTOPDickinson27 min
Jun 10, 8:51 PM CDTSevere Thunderstorm Warning Considerable damage threatTOPDickinson, Geary, Riley24 min
Jun 10, 8:52 PM CDTRiver Flood WarningTOPDickinson32 hr
Jun 10, 8:59 PM CDTTornado WarningTOPMorris21 min
Jun 10, 9:16 PM CDTAreal Flood AdvisoryTOPShawnee2 hr
Jun 10, 9:19 PM CDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningTOPMorris26 min
Jun 10, 9:40 PM CDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningTOPMorris14 min
Jun 10, 9:43 PM CDTAreal Flood AdvisoryTOPMorris3 hr
Jun 10, 9:54 PM CDTSpecial Weather StatementTOPGeary36 min
Jun 10, 9:58 PM CDTSevere Thunderstorm Warning Considerable damage threatTOPLyon47 min
Jun 10, 10:07 PM CDTTornado WarningTOPLyon15 min
Jun 10, 10:37 PM CDTAreal Flood AdvisoryTOPLyon99 min
Jun 10, 11:28 PM CDTRiver Flood WarningTOPGeary22 hr
Jun 11, 12:11 AM CDTAreal Flood WarningTOPDickinson, Geary, Morris9 hr

Nearby

Tornado Warnings in Kansas, 2026Every tornado warning in 2026Tornadoes in 2026

Sources

The product and its follow-ups from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service and Storm Prediction Center text; local storm reports from the same archive; the sounding from the Mesonet's radiosonde archive; radar from the NEXRAD Level II archive.