Alert archive / Missouri / Tornado Warnings in 2026

Tornado Warning 52, NWS Kansas City, MO

May 18, 2026Daviess County, Grundy County, Harrison County, Missouri

NWS Kansas City, MO issued this tornado warning at May 18, 2026, 8:57 PM CDT for Daviess County, Grundy County, Harrison County, Missouri. It was in force for 33 min. 4 reports came from inside the area while it was in force.

The area

The outline as issued, with what was reported inside it.

The facts

Issued
May 18, 2026, 8:57 PM CDT (01:57 UTC)
Expired
May 18, 2026, 9:30 PM CDT
In force
33 min
Issued by
NWS Kansas City, MO
Area
Storm-based polygon
Tornado
Radar indicated
Hail
0.75 in

Counties Daviess County, MO, Grundy County, MO, Harrison County, MO

The radar

The Pleasant Hill radar (KEAX), 151 km from the middle of the area, began a volume at 02:01 UTC, the scan nearest the moment this went out.

Open the radar archive at this moment

The archived warnings, watches and discussions in force at that minute are drawn over the scan, this one among them.

What was reported inside it

TimeReportWhereRemark
May 18, 9:01 PM CDTTSTM WND DMG2 Ne Pattonsburg, MOSocial media reports of downed tree limbs and wires near Pattonsburg. Time estimated from radar.
May 18, 9:06 PM CDTTSTM WND DMG2 Ne Pattonsburg, MOTrees uprooted near the school in Pattonsburg. Time estimated from radar.
May 18, 9:15 PM CDTTSTM WND GST 60Gilman City, MODowned tree limbs reported via social media. Time estimated from radar.
May 18, 9:24 PM CDTTSTM WND GST 70Gilman City, MOEM relayed public report of 70 mph wind gust.

Local storm reports filed while the alert was in force, from inside its polygon or its counties.

Did it verify

Not verified. The Iowa Environmental Mesonet's Cow found no qualifying storm report inside this tornado warning while it was in force. That is not proof nothing happened: reports are thin where few people live.

Cow counts a report within 15 km of the polygon while the warning was in force: a tornado for a tornado warning; hail of 1 inch or more, a gust of 58 mph or more or wind damage for a severe thunderstorm warning; a flash flood report for a flash flood warning.

The watch it was issued in

The SPC watch in force over the same counties when this warning went out.

IssuedProductOfficeLasted
May 18, 3:49 PM CDTTornado WatchSPC6 hr

The nearest sounding before it

Topeka, KS (KTOP), launched 00:00Z, 2.0 hours before the alert went out and 202 km from the middle of its area. This is the routine balloon launch nearest before it, the air the forecaster had in hand, not a measurement taken for the alert.

Skew-T log-pSkew-T log-p diagram, Topeka, KS at 00:00Z on 2026-05-19Temperature and dew point through the depth of the atmosphere, with the mixed-layer parcel. CAPE 3248 joules per kilogram.LCLEL10008507005003002001001 km2 km3 km6 km9 km12 km15 km-30°-20°-10°0°10°20°30°40°
Temperature in red, dew point in green, the mixed-layer parcel dashed.
HodographHodograph, Topeka, KS at 00:00Z on 2026-05-19The wind through the lowest 10 kilometers. Zero to 1 km storm-relative helicity 209 square meters per square second.193958Sfc1 km3 km6 km9 kmRMLM
The wind turning with height, colored by layer: ground to 1 km, 1 to 3 km, 3 to 6 km, 6 to 10 km.
Mixed-layer CAPE
3248 J/kg
Mixed-layer CIN
-7 J/kg
Mixed-layer LCL
1108 m above ground
0-6 km bulk shear
39 kt
0-1 km storm-relative helicity
209 m²/s²
0-3 km storm-relative helicity
370 m²/s²
Significant tornado parameter
4.1
Supercell composite
22.8

Open this sounding in Storm Lab

The text

As transmitted.

738 
WFUS53 KEAX 190157
TOREAX
MOC061-079-081-190230-
/O.NEW.KEAX.TO.W.0052.260519T0157Z-260519T0230Z/

BULLETIN - EAS ACTIVATION REQUESTED
Tornado Warning
National Weather Service Kansas City/Pleasant Hill MO
857 PM CDT Mon May 18 2026

The National Weather Service in Pleasant Hill has issued a

* Tornado Warning for...
  Northern Daviess County in north central Missouri...
  Western Grundy County in north central Missouri...
  Southern Harrison County in north central Missouri...

* Until 930 PM CDT.

* At 857 PM CDT, a severe thunderstorm capable of producing a tornado
  was located over Pattonsburg, or 13 miles northwest of Gallatin,
  moving east at 65 mph.

  HAZARD...Tornado.

  SOURCE...Radar indicated rotation.

  IMPACT...Flying debris will be dangerous to those caught without 
           shelter. Mobile homes will be damaged or destroyed. 
           Damage to roofs, windows, and vehicles will occur.  Tree 
           damage is likely.

* Locations impacted include...
  Trenton, Gilman City, Pattonsburg, Coffey, Jameson, Tindall, and
  Brimson.

This includes Interstate 35 in Missouri between mile markers 72 and
88.
 
PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

TAKE COVER NOW! Move to a basement or an interior room on the lowest
floor of a sturdy building. Avoid windows. If you are outdoors, in a
mobile home, or in a vehicle, move to the closest substantial shelter
and protect yourself from flying debris.

&&

LAT...LON 4000 9356 3999 9413 4018 9418 4027 9362
      4026 9361
TIME...MOT...LOC 0157Z 259DEG 55KT 4005 9414 

TORNADO...RADAR INDICATED
MAX HAIL SIZE...<.75 IN

$$

BMW
2 follow-up statements
744 
WWUS53 KEAX 190207
SVSEAX

Severe Weather Statement
National Weather Service Kansas City/Pleasant Hill MO
907 PM CDT Mon May 18 2026

MOC061-079-081-190230-
/O.CON.KEAX.TO.W.0052.000000T0000Z-260519T0230Z/
Daviess MO-Grundy MO-Harrison MO-
907 PM CDT Mon May 18 2026

...A TORNADO WARNING REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 930 PM CDT FOR
NORTHEASTERN DAVIESS...NORTHWESTERN GRUNDY AND SOUTHEASTERN HARRISON
COUNTIES...

At 907 PM CDT, a severe thunderstorm capable of producing a tornado
was located 7 miles west of Gilman City, or 9 miles south of Bethany,
moving east at 60 mph.

HAZARD...Tornado.

SOURCE...Radar indicated rotation.

IMPACT...Flying debris will be dangerous to those caught without 
         shelter. Mobile homes will be damaged or destroyed. Damage 
         to roofs, windows, and vehicles will occur.  Tree damage is 
         likely.

Locations impacted include...
Trenton, Gilman City, Coffey, Tindall, and Brimson.

This includes Interstate 35 in Missouri between mile markers 80 and
88.
 
PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

TAKE COVER NOW! Move to a basement or an interior room on the lowest
floor of a sturdy building. Avoid windows. If you are outdoors, in a
mobile home, or in a vehicle, move to the closest substantial shelter
and protect yourself from flying debris.

&&

LAT...LON 4007 9357 4003 9405 4019 9412 4027 9362
      4026 9361
TIME...MOT...LOC 0207Z 250DEG 50KT 4014 9401 

TORNADO...RADAR INDICATED
MAX HAIL SIZE...<.75 IN

$$

BMW
960 
WWUS53 KEAX 190212
SVSEAX

Severe Weather Statement
National Weather Service Kansas City/Pleasant Hill MO
912 PM CDT Mon May 18 2026

MOC061-079-081-190230-
/O.CON.KEAX.TO.W.0052.000000T0000Z-260519T0230Z/
Daviess MO-Grundy MO-Harrison MO-
912 PM CDT Mon May 18 2026

...A TORNADO WARNING REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 930 PM CDT FOR
NORTHEASTERN DAVIESS...NORTHWESTERN GRUNDY AND SOUTHEASTERN HARRISON
COUNTIES...

At 912 PM CDT, a severe thunderstorm capable of producing a tornado
was located over Gilman City, or 10 miles southeast of Bethany,
moving east at 65 mph.

HAZARD...Tornado.

SOURCE...Radar indicated rotation.

IMPACT...Flying debris will be dangerous to those caught without 
         shelter. Mobile homes will be damaged or destroyed. Damage 
         to roofs, windows, and vehicles will occur.  Tree damage is 
         likely.

Locations impacted include...
Trenton, Gilman City, Tindall, and Brimson.

This includes Interstate 35 in Missouri between mile markers 86 and
87.
 
PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

TAKE COVER NOW! Move to a basement or an interior room on the lowest
floor of a sturdy building. Avoid windows. If you are outdoors, in a
mobile home, or in a vehicle, move to the closest substantial shelter
and protect yourself from flying debris.

&&

LAT...LON 4010 9358 4006 9398 4020 9404 4027 9362
      4026 9361
TIME...MOT...LOC 0212Z 259DEG 55KT 4016 9391 

TORNADO...RADAR INDICATED
MAX HAIL SIZE...<.75 IN

$$

BMW

What forecasters said that day

The local office's own words before this tornado warning went out, as it sent them, from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service text.

NWS Kansas City, MO wrote its last area forecast discussion before this tornado warning went out at May 18, 6:55 PM CDT, 2 hours 2 minutes earlier. Its key messages:

  • * Significant threat for severe weather across NW Missouri this evening with destructive hail, damaging winds and tornadoes. This threat will transition to a damaging winds and QLCS tornadoes as scattered storms develop into a line and build southeast. * Substantial flood threat tonight across the region with rainfall rates expected to exceed 2"/hr. Flood watch in effect tonight into Tuesday morning. Additional rainfall amounts of 1.5-3+" with pockets exceeding 5". * Cooler and drier conditions develop on Tuesday and continue into Wednesday. * Rainfall chances return to the region Thursday through the end of the weeekend.
Area forecast discussion, May 18, 6:55 PM CDT, 2 hours 2 minutes before
Area Forecast Discussion
National Weather Service Kansas City/Pleasant Hill MO
655 PM CDT Mon May 18 2026

.KEY MESSAGES...

* Significant threat for severe weather across NW Missouri this
  evening with destructive hail, damaging winds and tornadoes.
  This threat will transition to a damaging winds and QLCS
  tornadoes as scattered storms develop into a line and build
  southeast.

* Substantial flood threat tonight across the region with
  rainfall rates expected to exceed 2"/hr. Flood watch in effect
  tonight into Tuesday morning. Additional rainfall amounts of
  1.5-3+" with pockets exceeding 5".

* Cooler and drier conditions develop on Tuesday and continue into
  Wednesday.

* Rainfall chances return to the region Thursday through the end
  of the weeekend.

&&

.DISCUSSION...
Issued at 253 PM CDT Mon May 18 2026

Mature trailing stratiform MCS worked through the area overnight
leading to a widespread 1-2 inches of rain across the region.  Saw
MCS backbuild across central Missouri through the late morning,
keeping temperatures quite cool through mid-day. Have seen signs of
gravity waves emanating from the tail end of the the MCS, spreading
to the north-northwest.

Have started to see some partial-rapid clearing across eastern KS
into western Missouri leading to nice warming- roughly west of I-35.
Pseudo warm front/outflow boundary is poised just south of the
forecast area across central Missouri. This boundary may try to lift
north through the late afternoon hours.  If that occurs, could see
an isolated storms develop south of a line from Butler through
Clinton leading to large hail/gusty winds. Expect surface
temperatures to continue to warm through the afternoon hours into
the upper 70s to 80s, leading to rapidly increasing instability.  By
late this afternoon, expect moderate to extreme instability with SB
CAPE values of 4000-5000 J/kg roughly along and west of the I-35
corridor.

Surface low pressure centered near Salina KS is expected to lift
northeast this afternoon to southwest Iowa into the evening.
Discreet supercells have already begun developing across central
into northern KS, building east in time in what is a very volatile
environment.  0-6 km shear is in the 40-50 knot range across eastern
KS should easily support supercells, with the potential for very
large hail and tornadoes.  Expect supercells to remain discreet
building into Northwest Missouri in the early evening hours, capable
of producing very large hail, damaging winds and the potential for
strong tornadoes.  As the severe weather event evolves, expect the
supercells to evolve into a squalline and build southeast in time.
Expect severe threat to transition towards damaging winds, but could
still see QLCS tornadoes with embedded supercells along the line.

Training storms, along with precipitable water values of nearly two
inches and deep warm cloud depths will lead to efficient rainfall.
CAMs have been fairly consistent with another 1.5-3+" of rainfall
across the region tonight, with pockets of 5+". HREF and REFs
probabilities for 2"/hr rainfall rates are approaching 50%. Flash
flood guidance across the area is low with the recent rains,
generally running from 1-2.5"/6 hour period. Collaborated with WPC
and surrounding offices to raise excessive rainfall outlook to
moderate across most of the area. Cams suggest storms may linger
Tuesday morning as the surface boundary moves slowly through the
area.  Have extended the flood watch through 18Z south of the
Missouri River.

Much cooler conditions are expected midweek behind the front with
high in the 60s and lows in the 40s.  A developing trough late week
across the Northern Plains could bring additional instability
showers and storms to the region as early as Thursday.

&&

.AVIATION /00Z TAFS THROUGH 00Z WEDNESDAY/...
Issued at 650 PM CDT Mon May 18 2026

SE winds will continue with gusts up to 30 mph through the early
evening hours, then winds shift SW between 01z-03z and remaining
gusty. A line of severe thunderstorms will impact STJ between
01z-03z tonight, moving through the KC metro terminals likely
between 02z-05z tonight. Severe wind gusts will be possible
along the leading edge of the severe thunderstorm line, with
periods of moderate to heavy rain reducing visibility
significantly. Stratiform rain with isolated lightning strikes
will linger behind the main convective line into early tomorrow
morning. There is a potential (30-50%) terminals will see
reduced visibility around 4SM and BR between 10z-14z.

&&

.EAX WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES...
MO...Flood Watch through Tuesday afternoon for MOZ020>022-028>033-
     037>040-043>046-053-054.
     Flood Watch through Tuesday morning for MOZ001>007-011>016-023-
     024.
KS...Flood Watch through Tuesday afternoon for KSZ025-057-060-
     102>105.

&&

DISCUSSION...BT
AVIATION...WFO EAX
Hazardous weather outlook, May 18, 5:09 AM CDT, 15 hours 48 minutes before
Hazardous Weather Outlook
National Weather Service Kansas City/Pleasant Hill MO
0509 AM CDT Mon May 18 2026

KSZ025-057-060-102>105-MOZ001>008-011>017-020>025-028>033-037>040-
043>046-053-054-191009-
Atchison KS-Miami-Linn KS-Doniphan-Leavenworth-Wyandotte-Johnson KS-
Atchison MO-Nodaway-Worth-Gentry-Harrison-Mercer-Putnam-Schuyler-
Holt-Andrew-De Kalb-Daviess-Grundy-Sullivan-Adair-Buchanan-Clinton-
Caldwell-Livingston-Linn MO-Macon-Platte-Clay-Ray-Carroll-Chariton-
Randolph-Jackson-Lafayette-Saline-Howard-Cass-Johnson MO-Pettis-
Cooper-Bates-Henry-
0509 AM CDT Mon May 18 2026

This hazardous weather outlook is for northwest...north central and
west central Missouri...as well as extreme eastern Kansas.

.DAY ONE...Through tonight.

Please go to https://weather.gov/media/eax/DssPacket.pdf for more information on
potential weather hazards.

.DAYS TWO THROUGH SEVEN...Tuesday through Sunday.

The probability for widespread hazardous weather is low.

.KEY MESSAGES...

- Showers and thunderstorms continue across the region this
  morning, with locally moderate to heavy rainfall possible.

- Severe thunderstorms are likely late afternoon into late
  tonight.

- Far NW Missouri and NE Kansas will be under the greatest
  threat for all severe hazards by late afternoon and early
  evening.

- Storms should congeal into a line of thunderstorms by this
  evening, and move east southeast through the region late
  tonight. Once this occurs, damaging wind gusts should become
  the primary hazard, but a few brief tornadoes may be possible.

- Moderate to heavy rain will be possible again with the storms
  tonight. A flood watch is in effect through almost the entire
  CWA through 7 AM Tuesday.

- Cooler temperatures arrive for Tuesday through Thursday before
  heating up once more by this weekend.

In the hours before

Local storm report, May 18, 7:06 PM CDT, 1 hour 51 minutes before
Preliminary Local Storm Report
National Weather Service Kansas City/Pleasant HIll MO
706 PM CDT Mon May 18 2026

..TIME...   ...EVENT...      ...CITY LOCATION...     ...LAT.LON...
..DATE...   ....MAG....      ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

0701 PM     Hail             1 ENE Sheridan          40.52N 94.59W
05/18/2026  M1.50 Inch       Worth              MO   Emergency Mngr

            Hail up to ping pong in size.

&&
Local storm report, May 18, 8:03 PM CDT, 54 minutes before
Preliminary Local Storm Report
National Weather Service Kansas City/Pleasant HIll MO
803 PM CDT Mon May 18 2026

..TIME...   ...EVENT...      ...CITY LOCATION...     ...LAT.LON...
..DATE...   ....MAG....      ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

0700 PM     Hail             Sheridan                40.52N 94.61W
05/18/2026  M2.75 Inch       Worth              MO   Emergency Mngr

            EM relayed pictures of hail next to ruler.
            Largest greater than 2.5 inches in diameter.

&&
Local storm report, May 18, 8:18 PM CDT, 39 minutes before
Preliminary Local Storm Report
National Weather Service Kansas City/Pleasant HIll MO
818 PM CDT Mon May 18 2026

..TIME...   ...EVENT...      ...CITY LOCATION...     ...LAT.LON...
..DATE...   ....MAG....      ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

0813 PM     Tstm Wnd Gst     1 NE Saint Joseph Airpo 39.77N 94.91W
05/18/2026  M61 MPH          Buchanan           MO   ASOS

            KSTJ ASOS recorded 61 mph wind gust.

&&
Local storm report, May 18, 8:29 PM CDT, 28 minutes before
Preliminary Local Storm Report
National Weather Service Kansas City/Pleasant HIll MO
829 PM CDT Mon May 18 2026

..TIME...   ...EVENT...      ...CITY LOCATION...     ...LAT.LON...
..DATE...   ....MAG....      ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

0819 PM     Flash Flood      3 N Clearmont           40.56N 95.03W
05/18/2026                   Nodaway            MO   Law Enforcement

            Nodaway County Sheriffs Deputy reports the
            Nodaway River is out of its banks and
            covering Hwy 71. Hwy 71 is closed at the
            Iowa state line. Report relayed by EM.

&&

EAC
Local storm report, May 18, 8:39 PM CDT, 18 minutes before
Preliminary Local Storm Report
National Weather Service Kansas City/Pleasant HIll MO
839 PM CDT Mon May 18 2026

..TIME...   ...EVENT...      ...CITY LOCATION...     ...LAT.LON...
..DATE...   ....MAG....      ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

0833 PM     Flash Flood      Maryville               40.35N 94.87W
05/18/2026                   Nodaway            MO   Fire Dept/Rescue

            Emergency responders report several city
            streets in Maryville, MO covered in water
            due to flash flooding. Report relayed by EM.

&&

EAC
Local storm report, May 18, 8:46 PM CDT, 11 minutes before
Preliminary Local Storm Report
National Weather Service Kansas City/Pleasant HIll MO
846 PM CDT Mon May 18 2026

..TIME...   ...EVENT...      ...CITY LOCATION...     ...LAT.LON...
..DATE...   ....MAG....      ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

0843 PM     Tstm Wnd Gst     4 NNE Stanberry         40.27N 94.51W
05/18/2026  M74 MPH          Gentry             MO   Mesonet

            PWS measured gust.

&&

The office that day

Everything else NWS Kansas City, MO issued on the same UTC day.

IssuedProductOfficeCountiesLasted
May 18, 7:09 PM CDTTornado WarningEAXGentry, Worth51 min
May 18, 7:15 PM CDTSevere Thunderstorm Warning Considerable damage threatEAXHolt60 min
May 18, 7:22 PM CDTTornado WarningEAXHarrison, Worth53 min
May 18, 7:29 PM CDTTornado WarningEAXHolt31 min
May 18, 7:39 PM CDTTornado WarningEAXNodaway, Worth51 min
May 18, 7:41 PM CDTSevere Thunderstorm Warning Considerable damage threatEAXAndrew, Holt49 min
May 18, 7:55 PM CDTAreal Flood AdvisoryEAXNodaway, Worth14 min
May 18, 8:01 PM CDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningEAXAndrew, Atchison, Holt, Nodaway44 min
May 18, 8:04 PM CDTSevere Thunderstorm Warning Considerable damage threatEAXAndrew, Buchanan, Clinton, DeKalb41 min
May 18, 8:09 PM CDTFlash Flood WarningEAXNodaway, Worth5 hr
May 18, 8:14 PM CDTRiver Flood WarningEAXBates72 hr
May 18, 8:15 PM CDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningEAXBuchanan, Platte45 min
May 18, 8:26 PM CDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningEAXGentry, Harrison, Nodaway, Worth49 min
May 18, 8:35 PM CDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningEAXAndrew, Buchanan, Daviess, DeKalb, Gentry, Harrison and 1 more40 min
May 18, 8:36 PM CDTTornado WarningEAXAndrew, Daviess, DeKalb, Gentry, Harrison24 min
May 18, 8:42 PM CDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningEAXAndrew, Buchanan, Clay, Clinton, DeKalb, Platte63 min
May 18, 8:47 PM CDTSevere Thunderstorm Warning Considerable damage threatEAXPlatte58 min
May 18, 9:06 PM CDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningEAXDaviess, Gentry, Grundy, Harrison, Mercer, Sullivan and 1 more39 min
May 18, 9:13 PM CDTSevere Thunderstorm Warning Considerable damage threatEAXBuchanan, Caldwell, Cass, Clay, Clinton, Jackson and 2 more62 min
May 18, 9:37 PM CDTSevere Thunderstorm Warning Considerable damage threatEAXCaldwell, Carroll, Daviess, Grundy, Lafayette, Livingston and 1 more53 min
May 18, 9:42 PM CDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningEAXCass, Jackson, Johnson63 min
May 18, 9:43 PM CDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningEAXGrundy, Mercer, Putnam, Sullivan33 min
May 18, 9:45 PM CDTTornado WarningEAXCass, Johnson30 min
May 18, 9:50 PM CDTTornado WarningEAXCarroll, Clay, Jackson, Ray40 min
May 18, 10:03 PM CDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningEAXBates, Cass42 min
May 18, 10:07 PM CDTRiver Flood WarningEAXAndrew, Holt, Nodaway3 hr
May 18, 10:08 PM CDTTornado WarningEAXCaldwell, Carroll, Livingston, Ray37 min
May 18, 10:21 PM CDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningEAXCarroll, Chariton, Grundy, Johnson, Lafayette, Linn and 4 more39 min
May 18, 10:28 PM CDTAreal Flood WarningEAXAtchison, Holt, Nodaway11 hr
May 18, 11:31 PM CDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningEAXBates44 min
May 19, 1:30 AM CDTAreal Flood WarningEAXNodaway, Worth8 hr
May 19, 5:55 AM CDTRiver Flood WarningEAXAndrew, Buchanan23 hr
May 19, 9:30 AM CDTAreal Flood WarningEAXAndrew, Atchison, Gentry, Harrison, Holt, Nodaway and 1 more36 hr

Nearby

Tornado Warnings in Missouri, 2026Every tornado warning in 2026Tornadoes in 2026

Sources

The product and its follow-ups from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service and Storm Prediction Center text; local storm reports from the same archive; the sounding from the Mesonet's radiosonde archive; radar from the NEXRAD Level II archive.