Alert archive / Pennsylvania / Flash Flood Warnings in 2026
Flash Flood Warning 39, NWS State College, PA
NWS State College, PA issued this flash flood warning at Jul 28, 2026, 8:37 AM EDT for McKean County, Pennsylvania. It was in force for 3 hr. 11 reports came from inside the area while it was in force.
The area
The outline as issued, with what was reported inside it.
The facts
- Issued
- Jul 28, 2026, 8:37 AM EDT (12:37 UTC)
- Expired
- Jul 28, 2026, 11:21 AM EDT
- In force
- 3 hr
- Issued by
- NWS State College, PA
- Area
- Storm-based polygon
- Flood severity
- None
County McKean County, PA
The radar
The State College radar (KCCX), 110 km from the middle of the area, began a volume at 12:40 UTC, the scan nearest the moment this went out.
Open the radar archive at this moment
The archived warnings, watches and discussions in force at that minute are drawn over the scan, this one among them.
What was reported inside it
| Time | Report | Where | Remark |
|---|---|---|---|
| Jul 28, 9:20 AM EDT | FLASH FLOOD | 1 N Lewis Run, PA | Flooding on South Avenue (Rt. 219) near Browntown Road in Bradford Township. |
| Jul 28, 9:26 AM EDT | FLASH FLOOD | 3 Nne Lewis Run, PA | Susquehanna Road near Custer City is impassable due to flooding. |
| Jul 28, 9:32 AM EDT | FLASH FLOOD | Lewis Run, PA | Multiple flooded basements and flooded roadways reported in the vicinity of Lewis Run. |
| Jul 28, 9:43 AM EDT | FLASH FLOOD | 4 Sw Bradford, PA | Flooding reported in the vicinity of Crookerhouse Lane in Bradford Township. |
| Jul 28, 9:45 AM EDT | FLASH FLOOD | 1 Sw Bradford, PA | Multiple roadways impassable with eight to twelve inches of water on the roadways in Bradford. |
| Jul 28, 9:56 AM EDT | FLASH FLOOD | Lewis Run, PA | Industrial flooding reported in Lewis Run borough. |
| Jul 28, 10:15 AM EDT | FLASH FLOOD | 4 Wsw Cyclone, PA | Reports of flooded roadways near Bradford Regional Airport. |
| Jul 28, 10:28 AM EDT | FLASH FLOOD | 2 Wsw Bradford, PA | Flooded basement reported on West End Drive in Bradford Township. |
| Jul 28, 10:33 AM EDT | FLASH FLOOD | Lewis Run, PA | Continued flooding of roadways and pumping of water from several structures in Lewis Run. |
| Jul 28, 10:42 AM EDT | FLOOD | 2 N Rew, PA | Flooded basement reported in Rixford. |
| Jul 28, 10:42 AM EDT | FLASH FLOOD | 2 N Rew, PA | Flooded basement reported in Rixford. |
Local storm reports filed while the alert was in force, from inside its polygon or its counties.
Did it verify
Verified. The Iowa Environmental Mesonet's Cow matched 10 storm reports to this flash flood warning; the first came 43 minutes after it went out.
Cow counts a report within 15 km of the polygon while the warning was in force: a tornado for a tornado warning; hail of 1 inch or more, a gust of 58 mph or more or wind damage for a severe thunderstorm warning; a flash flood report for a flash flood warning.
The nearest sounding before it
Buffalo Intl Airport, NY (KBUF), launched 12:00Z, 0.6 hours before the alert went out and 124 km from the middle of its area. This is the routine balloon launch nearest before it, the air the forecaster had in hand, not a measurement taken for the alert.
- Mixed-layer CAPE
- 592 J/kg
- Mixed-layer CIN
- -34 J/kg
- Mixed-layer LCL
- 654 m above ground
- 0-6 km bulk shear
- 15 kt
- 0-1 km storm-relative helicity
- 109 m²/s²
- 0-3 km storm-relative helicity
- 175 m²/s²
- Significant tornado parameter
- 0.0
- Supercell composite
- 0.0
The text
As transmitted.
011
WGUS51 KCTP 281237
FFWCTP
PAC083-281530-
/O.NEW.KCTP.FF.W.0039.260728T1237Z-260728T1530Z/
/00000.0.ER.000000T0000Z.000000T0000Z.000000T0000Z.OO/
BULLETIN - EAS ACTIVATION REQUESTED
Flash Flood Warning
National Weather Service State College PA
837 AM EDT Tue Jul 28 2026
The National Weather Service in State College has issued a
* Flash Flood Warning for...
McKean County in north central Pennsylvania...
* Until 1130 AM EDT.
* At 837 AM EDT, Doppler radar indicated thunderstorms producing
heavy rain across the warned area. Between 1 and 3 inches of rain
have fallen. Additional rainfall amounts of 1 to 2 inches are
possible in the warned area. Flash flooding is ongoing or expected
to begin shortly.
HAZARD...Flash flooding caused by thunderstorms.
SOURCE...Radar indicated.
IMPACT...Flash flooding of small creeks and streams, urban areas,
highways, streets and underpasses as well as other poor
drainage and low-lying areas.
* Some locations that will experience flash flooding include...
Bradford, Port Allegany, Smethport, Rew, Cyclone, Kinzua Bridge
State Park, Marshburg, Coryville, Westline, Crosby, Ludlow, Mount
Jewett, Eldred, Lewis Run, Bradford Airport and University Of
Pittsburgh - Bradford.
PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...
Turn around, don't drown when encountering flooded roads. Most flood
deaths occur in vehicles.
Be aware of your surroundings and do not drive on flooded roads.
&&
LAT...LON 4178 7820 4170 7841 4167 7866 4171 7895
4183 7895 4183 7892 4200 7892 4200 7821
4192 7821
FLASH FLOOD...RADAR INDICATED
$$
Bauco2 follow-up statements
101
WGUS71 KCTP 281324
FFSCTP
Flash Flood Statement
National Weather Service State College PA
924 AM EDT Tue Jul 28 2026
PAC083-281530-
/O.CON.KCTP.FF.W.0039.000000T0000Z-260728T1530Z/
/00000.0.ER.000000T0000Z.000000T0000Z.000000T0000Z.OO/
McKean PA-
924 AM EDT Tue Jul 28 2026
...FLASH FLOOD WARNING REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 1130 AM EDT THIS
MORNING FOR MCKEAN COUNTY...
At 924 AM EDT, local law enforcement reported thunderstorms producing
heavy rain in Lewis Run. Between 2 and 4 inches of rain have fallen.
Additional rainfall amounts of 1 to 2 inches are possible in the
warned area. Flash flooding is already occurring.
HAZARD...Flash flooding caused by thunderstorms.
SOURCE...Law enforcement reported.
IMPACT...Flash flooding of small creeks and streams, urban areas,
highways, streets and underpasses as well as other poor
drainage and low-lying areas.
Some locations that will experience flash flooding include...
Bradford, Port Allegany, Smethport, Rew, Cyclone, Kinzua Bridge
State Park, Marshburg, Coryville, Westline, Crosby, Ludlow, Mount
Jewett, Eldred, Lewis Run, Bradford Airport and University Of
Pittsburgh - Bradford.
PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...
Turn around, don't drown when encountering flooded roads. Most flood
deaths occur in vehicles.
Be aware of your surroundings and do not drive on flooded roads.
&&
LAT...LON 4178 7820 4170 7841 4167 7866 4171 7895
4183 7895 4183 7892 4200 7892 4200 7821
4192 7821
FLASH FLOOD...OBSERVED
$$
Bauco968
WGUS71 KCTP 281521
FFSCTP
Flash Flood Statement
National Weather Service State College PA
1121 AM EDT Tue Jul 28 2026
PAC083-281531-
/O.CAN.KCTP.FF.W.0039.000000T0000Z-260728T1530Z/
/00000.0.ER.000000T0000Z.000000T0000Z.000000T0000Z.OO/
McKean PA-
1121 AM EDT Tue Jul 28 2026
...FLASH FLOOD WARNING FOR MCKEAN COUNTY HAS BEEN REPLACED WITH A
FLOOD WARNING...
The heavy rain has largely ended across McKean County. Lingering
water issues continue, and the Flash Flood Warning has been converted
to an Areal Flood Warning to account for these lingering issues.
&&
LAT...LON 4178 7820 4170 7841 4167 7866 4171 7895
4183 7895 4183 7892 4200 7892 4200 7821
4192 7821
$$
EvanegoWhat forecasters said that day
The local office's own words before this flash flood warning went out, as it sent them, from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service text.
NWS State College, PA wrote its last area forecast discussion before this flash flood warning went out at Jul 28, 5:05 AM EDT, 3 hours 32 minutes earlier. Its key messages:
- 1) Severe thunderstorms capable of damaging winds and heavy rainfall remain possible today into this evening.
Area forecast discussion, Jul 28, 5:05 AM EDT, 3 hours 32 minutes before
Area Forecast Discussion National Weather Service State College PA 505 AM EDT Tue Jul 28 2026 .WHAT HAS CHANGED... Flood Watch issued through late tonight across the southeast zones for potential flash flooding. && .KEY MESSAGES... 1) Severe thunderstorms capable of damaging winds and heavy rainfall remain possible today into this evening. && .DISCUSSION... KEY MESSAGE 1: Severe thunderstorms capable of damaging winds and heavy rainfall remain possible today into this evening. The second of two shortwaves embedded in the NW flow of a deepening SE Canada and Ern U.S. trough (will be located across the Upper Glakes at 12Z) and will move quickly SE and bring at least another 1-2 rounds of MDT-HVY SHRA/TSRA across the CWA today into this evening with localized additional rainfall amounts of over 2 inches given the rich moisture with PWATS of 1.5-1.7 inches across all of the CWA. The target for the greatest number of SHRA/TSRA is over our SE CWA where a FLash Flood Watch was posted and extends through 2 AM EDT WED. Models close off the mid and upper low over SE Ont and New York State late tonight/Wed. Some heavy rain potential will linger into Wednesday as the slow moving upper low dips over northeast PA/SE NY before drifting East toward southern New England Wed night. 36-48 hour storm total rainfall could exceed 3 inches over some parts of the northeast CWA by Thursday morning. && .AVIATION /08Z TUESDAY THROUGH SATURDAY/... Complex set of TAFs for today, with spotty SHRA/TSRA increasing in coverage across portions of central PA during the predawn, followed by more numerous SHRA/TSRA alongside lowering cloud ceilings as a trough of low pressure moves across the region during the morning & afternoon. VFR is favored outside of any SHRA/TSRA during the predawn hours. Gradual improvements behind the low pressure expected after 18-21z, although low clouds could redevelop across the Laurels and northern mountains later tonight. A more defined cluster of showers and storms associated with the trough will move west to east across our area between the early morning and late afternoon, resulting in prevailing MVFR- IFR ceiling restrictions with periodic MVFR-IFR visibility restrictions. Heating may be sufficient for strong to severe thunderstorms across eastern Pennsylvania (best chance at KMDT/KLNS), with gusty/damaging winds being the primary threat. Outlook... Wed...Restrictions likely with IFR to MVFR stratocu and SHRA/TSRA beneath upper low Thu...Improving conditions with lingering -SHRA. Patchy AM fog. Fri...Mainly VFR. Sat...Patchy AM fog. Restrictions possible in isolated showers/storms mainly in the south. && .CTP WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES... Flood Watch through late tonight for PAZ057>059-063>066. && WHAT HAS CHANGED...Lambert/Colbert KEY MESSAGES...Lambert DISCUSSION...Lambert AVIATION...Colbert/Teare
Hazardous weather outlook, Jul 28, 3:58 AM EDT, 4 hours 39 minutes before
Hazardous Weather Outlook National Weather Service State College PA 358 AM EDT Tue Jul 28 2026 PAZ004>006-010>012-017>019-024>028-033>037-041-042-045-046-049>053- 056-290800- Warren-McKean-Potter-Elk-Cameron-Northern Clinton-Clearfield- Northern Centre-Southern Centre-Cambria-Blair-Huntingdon-Mifflin- Juniata-Somerset-Bedford-Fulton-Franklin-Tioga-Northern Lycoming- Sullivan-Southern Clinton-Southern Lycoming-Union-Snyder-Montour- Northumberland-Columbia-Perry- 358 AM EDT Tue Jul 28 2026 This Hazardous Weather Outlook is for central Pennsylvania. .DAY ONE...Today and tonight. Scattered strong to severe thunderstorms, capable of damaging wind gusts and localized heavy rainfall of 1 to 2 inches per hour are possible today. .DAYS TWO THROUGH SEVEN...Wednesday through Monday. The probability of widespread hazardous weather is low. .SPOTTER INFORMATION STATEMENT... Spotters are encouraged to report significant hazardous weather. PAZ057>059-063>066-290800- Dauphin-Schuylkill-Lebanon-Cumberland-Adams-York-Lancaster- 358 AM EDT Tue Jul 28 2026 ...FLOOD WATCH IN EFFECT THROUGH LATE TONIGHT... This Hazardous Weather Outlook is for central Pennsylvania. .DAY ONE...Today and tonight. Please listen to NOAA Weather Radio or go to weather.gov/StateCollege on the internet for more information about the following hazards. Flood Watch. In addition, scattered severe thunderstorms capable of damaging wind gusts and localized flooding downpours are possible today, with the bulk of the severe threat and heavy rain occurring near and to the southeast of the Interstate 81 corridor. .DAYS TWO THROUGH SEVEN...Wednesday through Monday. The probability of widespread hazardous weather is low. .SPOTTER INFORMATION STATEMENT... Spotters are encouraged to report significant hazardous weather. Lambert
In the hours before
Special weather statement, Jul 28, 3:14 AM EDT, 5 hours 23 minutes before
Special Weather Statement
National Weather Service State College PA
314 AM EDT Tue Jul 28 2026
PAZ017>019-025-026-280815-
Northern Centre PA-Clearfield PA-Blair PA-Huntingdon PA-
Southern Centre PA-
314 AM EDT Tue Jul 28 2026
...A STRONG THUNDERSTORM WILL IMPACT SOUTH CENTRAL CLEARFIELD...
NORTHWESTERN HUNTINGDON...SOUTHWESTERN CENTRE AND NORTHEASTERN BLAIR
COUNTIES THROUGH 415 AM EDT...
At 310 AM EDT, Doppler radar was tracking a strong thunderstorm near
Tyrone, moving east at 25 mph.
HAZARD...Wind gusts up to 50 mph and pea size hail.
SOURCE...Radar indicated.
IMPACT...Gusty winds could knock down tree limbs and blow around
unsecured objects. Minor hail damage to vegetation is
possible.
Locations impacted include...
State College, Tyrone, Park Forest Village, Philipsburg, Stormstown,
Lemont, Bald Eagle, Houserville, Warriors Mark, Pine Grove Mills,
Osceola Mills, Chester Hill, Ramblewood, Houtzdale, Port Matilda,
South Philipsburg, Sandy Ridge, Julian, Whipple Dam State Park, and
Black Moshannon State Park.
PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...
If outdoors, consider seeking shelter inside a building.
Frequent cloud to ground lightning is occurring with this storm.
Lightning can strike 10 miles away from a thunderstorm. Seek a safe
shelter inside a building or vehicle.
Persons in campgrounds should consider seeking sturdy shelter until
this storm passes.
&&
LAT...LON 4087 7846 4095 7783 4066 7780 4069 7837
4073 7835 4072 7849 4077 7855
TIME...MOT...LOC 0710Z 268DEG 21KT 4078 7830
MAX HAIL SIZE...0.25 IN
MAX WIND GUST...50 MPH
LambertSpecial weather statement, Jul 28, 3:22 AM EDT, 5 hours 15 minutes before
Special Weather Statement
National Weather Service State College PA
322 AM EDT Tue Jul 28 2026
PAZ019-027-028-045-046-049>053-056>058-280815-
Southern Lycoming PA-Union PA-Juniata PA-Dauphin PA-Snyder PA-
Southern Centre PA-Columbia PA-Perry PA-Southern Clinton PA-
Northumberland PA-Montour PA-Mifflin PA-Schuylkill PA-
322 AM EDT Tue Jul 28 2026
...STRONG THUNDERSTORMS WILL IMPACT NORTHUMBERLAND...NORTHERN
DAUPHIN...EAST CENTRAL CENTRE...SNYDER...COLUMBIA...UNION...
NORTHEASTERN PERRY...SOUTHEASTERN CLINTON...SCHUYLKILL...NORTHEASTERN
MIFFLIN...NORTHEASTERN JUNIATA...MONTOUR AND SOUTHEASTERN LYCOMING
COUNTIES THROUGH 415 AM EDT...
At 320 AM EDT, Doppler radar was tracking the leading edge of a
multiple county area of strong thunderstorms along a line extending
from near Williamsport to Danville to Shamokin to 17 miles southwest
of Kulpmont. Movement was east northeast at 20 mph.
HAZARD...Wind gusts up to 50 mph and pea size hail.
SOURCE...Radar indicated.
IMPACT...Gusty winds could knock down tree limbs and blow around
unsecured objects. Minor hail damage to vegetation is
possible.
Locations impacted include...
Bloomsburg, Pottsville, Berwick, Sunbury, Shamokin, Milton, Mount
Carmel, Lewisburg, Selinsgrove, Schuylkill Haven, Shenandoah,
Danville, Montoursville, Minersville, Mahanoy City, Frackville,
Northumberland, Mifflinburg, St. Clair, and Kulpmont.
PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...
If outdoors, consider seeking shelter inside a building.
Very heavy rainfall, falling at the rate of 1 to 2 inches per hour
is also occurring with these storms and may lead to localized
flooding. Do not drive your vehicle through flooded roadways.
Frequent cloud to ground lightning is occurring with these storms.
Lightning can strike 10 miles away from a thunderstorm. Seek a safe
shelter inside a building or vehicle.
Persons in campgrounds should consider seeking sturdy shelter until
these storms pass.
&&
LAT...LON 4055 7626 4053 7649 4056 7654 4052 7660
4051 7667 4053 7718 4065 7734 4080 7746
4107 7743 4132 7667 4117 7630 4113 7627
4114 7623 4103 7623 4095 7621 4090 7604
4091 7600 4086 7597
TIME...MOT...LOC 0720Z 252DEG 18KT 4112 7707 4097 7669 4073 7654 4057
7661
MAX HAIL SIZE...0.25 IN
MAX WIND GUST...50 MPH
LambertLocal storm report, Jul 28, 3:53 AM EDT, 4 hours 44 minutes before
Preliminary Local Storm Report
National Weather Service State College PA
353 AM EDT Tue Jul 28 2026
..TIME... ...EVENT... ...CITY LOCATION... ...LAT.LON...
..DATE... ....MAG.... ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
..REMARKS..
0345 AM Flash Flood Eldred 41.96N 78.39W
07/28/2026 McKean PA Fire Dept/Rescue
Flooding on Main Street between Oak Hill
Cemetery Rd and Elm St.
&&
MRCLocal storm report, Jul 28, 7:35 AM EDT, 1 hour 2 minutes before
Preliminary Local Storm Report
National Weather Service State College PA
735 AM EDT Tue Jul 28 2026
..TIME... ...EVENT... ...CITY LOCATION... ...LAT.LON...
..DATE... ....MAG.... ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
..REMARKS..
0345 AM Flash Flood Eldred 41.96N 78.39W
07/28/2026 McKean PA Fire Dept/Rescue
Corrects previous flash flood report from
Eldred. Flooding on Main Street between Oak
Hill Cemetery Rd and Elm St. A basement was
flooded in the area.
&&
MRCLocal storm report, Jul 28, 7:42 AM EDT, 55 minutes before
Preliminary Local Storm Report
National Weather Service State College PA
742 AM EDT Tue Jul 28 2026
..TIME... ...EVENT... ...CITY LOCATION... ...LAT.LON...
..DATE... ....MAG.... ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
..REMARKS..
0300 AM Tstm Wnd Dmg 2 WSW York Springs 39.99N 77.15W
07/28/2026 Adams PA Public
Tree down across the roadway at the
intersection of Cranberry Road and White Oak
Tree Road.
&&
JCBThe office that day
Everything else NWS State College, PA issued on the same UTC day.
| Issued | Product | Office | Counties | Lasted |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jul 27, 10:43 PM EDT | Special Weather Statement | CTP | Warren | 32 min |
| Jul 27, 11:59 PM EDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | CTP | McKean, Potter | 61 min |
| Jul 28, 12:05 AM EDT | Special Weather Statement | CTP | Juniata, Perry | 55 min |
| Jul 28, 12:43 AM EDT | Special Weather Statement | CTP | Adams | 47 min |
| Jul 28, 1:05 AM EDT | Special Weather Statement | CTP | McKean | 55 min |
| Jul 28, 1:25 AM EDT | Special Weather Statement | CTP | Adams | 65 min |
| Jul 28, 1:41 AM EDT | Special Weather Statement | CTP | McKean | 79 min |
| Jul 28, 1:54 AM EDT | Flash Flood Warning | CTP | McKean | 3 hr |
| Jul 28, 2:00 AM EDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | CTP | Adams, Franklin | 45 min |
| Jul 28, 2:20 AM EDT | Flash Flood Warning | CTP | Adams, Cumberland, Franklin | 3 hr |
| Jul 28, 2:34 AM EDT | Flood Watch | CTP | Adams, Cumberland, Dauphin, Franklin, Fulton, Huntingdon and 7 more | 18 hr |
| Jul 28, 3:14 AM EDT | Special Weather Statement | CTP | Centre | 61 min |
| Jul 28, 3:22 AM EDT | Special Weather Statement | CTP | Columbia, Montour, Northumberland, Schuylkill, Snyder, Union | 53 min |
| Jul 28, 9:54 AM EDT | Flash Flood Warning | CTP | McKean | 2 hr |
| Jul 28, 11:21 AM EDT | Areal Flood Warning | CTP | McKean, Potter, Warren | 114 min |
| Jul 28, 12:22 PM EDT | Flash Flood Warning | CTP | Blair, Cambria, Clearfield | 3 hr |
| Jul 28, 12:46 PM EDT | Flash Flood Warning | CTP | Blair, Huntingdon | 3 hr |
| Jul 28, 12:59 PM EDT | Special Weather Statement | CTP | Huntingdon | 31 min |
| Jul 28, 1:27 PM EDT | Special Weather Statement | CTP | Huntingdon, Mifflin | 33 min |
| Jul 28, 1:59 PM EDT | Special Weather Statement | CTP | Huntingdon, Juniata | 31 min |
| Jul 28, 2:27 PM EDT | Special Weather Statement | CTP | Cumberland | 33 min |
| Jul 28, 3:02 PM EDT | Areal Flood Warning | CTP | Blair, Cambria, Centre, Clearfield | 118 min |
| Jul 28, 3:12 PM EDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | CTP | Cumberland, Perry, York | 63 min |
| Jul 28, 3:22 PM EDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | CTP | Adams, Cumberland, Franklin, Fulton, Huntingdon, York | 53 min |
| Jul 28, 3:28 PM EDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | CTP | Adams, Franklin, York | 47 min |
| Jul 28, 3:37 PM EDT | Areal Flood Warning | CTP | Blair, Centre, Huntingdon | 83 min |
| Jul 28, 4:09 PM EDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | CTP | Cumberland, Dauphin, Lancaster, Lebanon, York | 66 min |
| Jul 28, 4:15 PM EDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | CTP | Adams, Franklin | 30 min |
| Jul 28, 4:23 PM EDT | Flash Flood Warning | CTP | Adams, Franklin | 3 hr |
| Jul 28, 4:44 PM EDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | CTP | Adams, Lancaster, York | 61 min |
| Jul 28, 5:00 PM EDT | Flash Flood Warning | CTP | Dauphin, Lebanon | 2 hr |
| Jul 28, 5:20 PM EDT | Areal Flood Warning | CTP | Cambria, Clearfield | 3 hr |
| Jul 28, 5:39 PM EDT | Flash Flood Warning | CTP | Lancaster, Lebanon | 3 hr |
Nearby
Flash Flood Warnings in Pennsylvania, 2026Every flash flood warning in 2026
Sources
The product and its follow-ups from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service and Storm Prediction Center text; local storm reports from the same archive; the sounding from the Mesonet's radiosonde archive; radar from the NEXRAD Level II archive.