Alert archive / Pennsylvania / Flash Flood Warnings in 2026
Flash Flood Warning 36, NWS State College, PA
NWS State College, PA issued this flash flood warning at Jul 18, 2026, 7:50 PM EDT for Clearfield County, Pennsylvania. It was in force for 3 hr. 1 report came from inside the area while it was in force.
The area
The outline as issued, with what was reported inside it.
The facts
- Issued
- Jul 18, 2026, 7:50 PM EDT (23:50 UTC)
- Expired
- Jul 18, 2026, 11:00 PM EDT
- In force
- 3 hr
- Issued by
- NWS State College, PA
- Area
- Storm-based polygon
- Flood severity
- None
County Clearfield County, PA
The radar
The State College radar (KCCX), 63 km from the middle of the area, began a volume at 23:54 UTC, the scan nearest the moment this went out.
Open the radar archive at this moment
The archived warnings, watches and discussions in force at that minute are drawn over the scan, this one among them.
What was reported inside it
| Time | Report | Where | Remark |
|---|---|---|---|
| Jul 18, 8:00 PM EDT | FLASH FLOOD | Dubois, PA | Street flooding in several locations in the City of DuBois. |
Local storm reports filed while the alert was in force, from inside its polygon or its counties.
Did it verify
Verified. The Iowa Environmental Mesonet's Cow matched one storm report to this flash flood warning; the first came 10 minutes after it went out.
Cow counts a report within 15 km of the polygon while the warning was in force: a tornado for a tornado warning; hail of 1 inch or more, a gust of 58 mph or more or wind damage for a severe thunderstorm warning; a flash flood report for a flash flood warning.
The nearest sounding before it
Pittsburgh, PA (KPIT), launched 12:00Z, 11.8 hours before the alert went out and 139 km from the middle of its area. This is the routine balloon launch nearest before it, the air the forecaster had in hand, not a measurement taken for the alert.
- Mixed-layer CAPE
- 510 J/kg
- Mixed-layer CIN
- -51 J/kg
- Mixed-layer LCL
- 790 m above ground
- 0-6 km bulk shear
- 31 kt
- 0-1 km storm-relative helicity
- 139 m²/s²
- 0-3 km storm-relative helicity
- 160 m²/s²
- Significant tornado parameter
- 0.0
- Supercell composite
- 0.0
The text
As transmitted.
087
WGUS51 KCTP 182350
FFWCTP
PAC033-190300-
/O.NEW.KCTP.FF.W.0036.260718T2350Z-260719T0300Z/
/00000.0.ER.000000T0000Z.000000T0000Z.000000T0000Z.OO/
BULLETIN - EAS ACTIVATION REQUESTED
Flash Flood Warning
National Weather Service State College PA
750 PM EDT Sat Jul 18 2026
The National Weather Service in State College has issued a
* Flash Flood Warning for...
Northwestern Clearfield County in central Pennsylvania...
* Until 1100 PM EDT.
* At 750 PM EDT, Doppler radar and automated rain gauges indicated
thunderstorms producing heavy rain across the warned area. Between
1 and 2 inches of rain have fallen. Additional rainfall amounts up
to 1 inch are possible in the warned area. Flash flooding is
ongoing or expected to begin shortly.
HAZARD...Flash flooding caused by thunderstorms.
SOURCE...Radar and automated gauges.
IMPACT...Flash flooding of small creeks and streams, urban
areas, highways, streets and underpasses as well as
other poor drainage and low-lying areas.
* Some locations that will experience flash flooding include...
DuBois, Clearfield, Sandy, Curwensville, Hyde, Plymptonville,
Rockton, S.B. Elliot State Park, Grampian, Troutville, Treasure
Lake, Penn State Dubois and Clearfield-Lawrence Airport.
PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...
Turn around, don't drown when encountering flooded roads. Most flood
deaths occur in vehicles.
Be especially cautious at night when it is harder to recognize the
dangers of flooding.
Be aware of your surroundings and do not drive on flooded roads.
Please report observed flooding to local emergency services or law
enforcement and request they pass this information to the National
Weather Service when you can do so safely.
&&
LAT...LON 4092 7852 4099 7880 4101 7880 4103 7880
4110 7880 4112 7880 4113 7880 4115 7879
4118 7878 4119 7877 4120 7877 4120 7876
4120 7871 4105 7839
FLASH FLOOD...RADAR AND GAUGE INDICATED
$$
Banghoff1 follow-up statement
329
WGUS71 KCTP 190254
FFSCTP
Flash Flood Statement
National Weather Service State College PA
1054 PM EDT Sat Jul 18 2026
PAC033-190304-
/O.EXP.KCTP.FF.W.0036.000000T0000Z-260719T0300Z/
/00000.0.ER.000000T0000Z.000000T0000Z.000000T0000Z.OO/
Clearfield PA-
1054 PM EDT Sat Jul 18 2026
...FLASH FLOOD WARNING WILL EXPIRE AT 11 PM EDT THIS EVENING FOR
NORTHWESTERN CLEARFIELD COUNTY...
Flood waters are receding. The heavy rain has ended. Flooding is no
longer expected to pose a threat. Please continue to heed remaining
road closures.
&&
LAT...LON 4115 7879 4117 7878 4118 7878 4119 7877
4120 7877 4120 7871 4105 7839 4092 7852
4099 7880 4113 7880
$$
BanghoffWhat forecasters said that day
The local office's own words before this flash flood warning went out, as it sent them, from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service text.
NWS State College, PA wrote its last area forecast discussion before this flash flood warning went out at Jul 18, 4:27 PM EDT, 3 hours 23 minutes earlier. Its key messages:
- 1) Severe thunderstorms with damaging winds and locally very heavy rainfall are possible from mid-day into late this evening. Tornadoes also possible. 2) Sunday & Monday quiet but Tues looks active again with severe and flood risks returning.
Area forecast discussion, Jul 18, 4:27 PM EDT, 3 hours 23 minutes before
Area Forecast Discussion National Weather Service State College PA 427 PM EDT Sat Jul 18 2026 .WHAT HAS CHANGED... * Severe Thunderstorm Watch #492 in effect until 01Z Sunday * Expanded the Flash Flood Watch (until Midnight EDT tonight) north to cover all of the CWA with the exception of the Northern Tier Counties - based on this mornings MCS and additional several rounds of storms with very heavy rainfall rates this afternoon and evening as a warm front over the Alleghenies moves slowly across Central PA * Tornado risk is still 5% chc of a tornado w/in 25 miles of a point), but the conditional intensity group 1 has been introduced S & E of Harrisburg * Damaging wind gust threat is high (45% chc of wind damage w/in 25 miles of any point) over almost all of the CWA && .KEY MESSAGES... 1) Severe thunderstorms with damaging winds and locally very heavy rainfall are possible from mid-day into late this evening. Tornadoes also possible. 2) Sunday & Monday quiet but Tues looks active again with severe and flood risks returning. && .DISCUSSION... KEY MESSAGE 1: Severe thunderstorms with damaging winds and heavy rainfall are possible through early this evening. A few tornadoes area also possible with the strongest storms. Little change from the previous disc regarding the severe TSRA potential this afternoon/evening as the one-two punch of a warm front/cold front helps to focus several rounds of convection. Based on the number of afternoon TSRA that impacted ELK county and adjacent parts of the northern Mtns (along with the rather extensive coverage of ground- priming TSRA that blossomed into a MCS this morning), we thought it would be prudent to expand the Flood Watch (through 04Z Sunday) a layer of counties further north. Previous... SPC has kept the Enhanced risk of severe weather expectation for all of Central PA today. They have also added a special (conditional intensity group or CIG) hatching to SErn PA (including areas S & E of Harrisburg. The CIG designation means that tornadoes that do develop in that area could be stronger than just EF0/1. A reasonable maximum intensity of EF2-strength tornadoes is possible today - again, mainly in SE PA. Early showers/thunderstorms two will occur near/along a pair of warm fronts moving north and east through the area this morning and early afternoon. The vort max supporting the initial rounds of mid to late morning convection will be moving east of the Susq Valley early this afternoon, followed by some cloud thinning and recovery with pockets of MDT-STG Sfc-Based instability developing for the afternoon and evening hours. This will help to ramp up the threat for SVR TSRA and increase rainfall rates within the very juicy airmass. The timing of that vort max and the SHRA/TSRA it helps generate look like they will be early enough in the day that ample heating should then occur as the main warm front pushes into the srn counties and across the CWA late this morning and early this afternoon. As the CAPEs climb, and the wind profiles/hodographs become rounded, the risk for deep convection that would also take advantage of the high helicity to produce supercells increases. This convection could start a couple hours earlier than climatologically-favored timing...more like a noon kickoff than early- to mid-aftn. The risk for discrete, spinning cells is highest over the Lower Susq, but is possible anywhere across the CWA with the warm front(s) and varied boundaries from earlier rain and differential heating playing roles to make the near storm llvl/blyr environment favorable. 70F+ dewpoints will arrive in the S with the first warm front, and the LCLs should be low and favorable for tornado development. The Sig Tor Parameter (STP) is highest over the SE, esp in Lancaster Co. Lower (l-m60s) dewpoints hang on across the N for much of the day. The NW will have the next-best chance for severe storms to develop. However, the increasing moisture and moderate-high shear and moderate-high CAPEs will mean we'll have to watch all of the CWA for storm initiation during the early and mid afternoon hours. Some of the storms could also be supercells away from the SE - at least early in the event. The wind profile becomes more- aligned/straight hodographs that would be more favorable for storm clusters or a broken line, esp if a pre-frontal trough materializes. The cold front moving down from the NW should arrive late in the day and could continue to provide lift for storms in the NW half of the area into the evening. But, it may arrive in most places too late (after stabilization from other/earlier precip) to make a wide threat for severe wx to occur along it as it passes. Expect precip along the cold front to weaken and fall apart the deeper it gets into the CWA (into the central mtns). If there is a chance for a bust or weakness in the severe forecast it is over the central mtns/ridge-and-valley region. Potent storms are likely/certain in the SE and the NW, but are less certain in the Laurels and ridge and valley counties. ---------------------------------------------------------- KEY MESSAGE 2: Sunday & Monday quiet but Tues looks active again with severe and flood risks returning. A drying trend is expected Sunday with noticeably lower humidity allowing for a pleasant day and relatively cool night. However, latest RRFS shows some near sfc smoke returning to CPA from the Great Lakes. This could result in reduced air quality and hazy sky conditions. Additional bouts of rain/t-storms are possible into the workweek. The first of which will be around Tuesday (Day4) as a well-developed synoptic storm moves through the Great Lakes and NE CONUS. SPC has been highlighting a 15% prob (equivalent to SLGT risk, level 2/5) for Central PA. Forcing/support for this medium range severe outlook appears fairly robust and would take stock in this risk manifesting at shorter ranges. WPC is also highlighting Tuesday for heavy rainfall and possible flooding with the synoptic system generating multiple chances for rain with high atmos moisture in place. Temperatures will trend near to slightly below historical averages through late week into month-end with some noticeably cooler nights possible. && .AVIATION /20Z SATURDAY THROUGH THURSDAY/... Aviation concerns continue to revolve around convection across northwest and south central PA through the afternoon hours. To a lesser extent, FU continues across the region, dropping visibilities to MVFR and IFR. The first area of convection will move out of the southern part of the state by late afternoon and focus will rthen shift back to northern PA as a cold frontal boundary sags through the state. Confidence is about 40% that convection and associated -SHRA will combine with low level smoke to bring down visibilities to LIFR for a time this evening and overnight. Expect conditions to improve Sunday morning as the cold front pushes out low level smoke, and convection moves south of the area. Conditions will improve from IFR to VFR by mid morning with the last hold outs being any locations that had dense fog overnight. Outlook... Mon...Mainly VFR. Tue-Wed...Restrictions possible in showers/t-storms with cold FROPA expected between Tuesday/Wednesday. && .CTP WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES... Flood Watch until midnight EDT tonight for PAZ010>012-017>019- 024>028-033>036-041-042-045-046-049>053-056>059-063>066. && WHAT HAS CHANGED...Lambert/Dangelo KEY MESSAGES...Lambert/Dangelo DISCUSSION...Lambert/Dangelo/Steinbugl AVIATION...Tyburski
Hazardous weather outlook, Jul 18, 7:50 PM EDT, 0 minutes before
Hazardous Weather Outlook National Weather Service State College PA 750 PM EDT Sat Jul 18 2026 PAZ004>006-010>012-037-041-042-045-046-200000- Warren-McKean-Potter-Elk-Cameron-Northern Clinton-Tioga- Northern Lycoming-Sullivan-Southern Clinton-Southern Lycoming- 750 PM EDT Sat Jul 18 2026 This Hazardous Weather Outlook is for central Pennsylvania. .DAY ONE...Tonight. The probability for widespread hazardous weather is low. .DAYS TWO THROUGH SEVEN...Sunday through Friday. Strong to severe thunderstorms are possible on Tuesday. Some of the storms may make damaging wind gusts and very heavy rain which may lead to flooding. .SPOTTER INFORMATION STATEMENT... Spotters are encouraged to report significant hazardous weather. PAZ017>019-024>028-033>036-049>053-056>059-063>066-200000- Clearfield-Northern Centre-Southern Centre-Cambria-Blair-Huntingdon- Mifflin-Juniata-Somerset-Bedford-Fulton-Franklin-Union-Snyder- Montour-Northumberland-Columbia-Perry-Dauphin-Schuylkill-Lebanon- Cumberland-Adams-York-Lancaster- 750 PM EDT Sat Jul 18 2026 ...FLOOD WATCH IN EFFECT UNTIL MIDNIGHT EDT TONIGHT... ...SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WATCH 492 IN EFFECT UNTIL 9 PM EDT THIS EVENING... This Hazardous Weather Outlook is for central Pennsylvania. .DAY ONE...Tonight. Please listen to NOAA Weather Radio or go to weather.gov/StateCollege on the internet for more information about the following hazards. Flood Watch. Severe Thunderstorm Watch. .DAYS TWO THROUGH SEVEN...Sunday through Friday. Strong to severe thunderstorms are possible on Tuesday. Some of the storms may make damaging wind gusts and very heavy rain which may lead to flooding. .SPOTTER INFORMATION STATEMENT... Spotters are encouraged to report significant hazardous weather.
In the hours before
Local storm report, Jul 18, 7:17 PM EDT, 33 minutes before
Preliminary Local Storm Report
National Weather Service State College PA
717 PM EDT Sat Jul 18 2026
..TIME... ...EVENT... ...CITY LOCATION... ...LAT.LON...
..DATE... ....MAG.... ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
..REMARKS..
0535 PM Tstm Wnd Dmg 3 NNW Grampian 41.01N 78.64W
07/18/2026 Clearfield PA Utility Company
Tree damage reported along US 219 north of
Grampian.
&&
NPBSpecial weather statement, Jul 18, 7:25 PM EDT, 25 minutes before
Special Weather Statement
National Weather Service State College PA
725 PM EDT Sat Jul 18 2026
PAZ045-046-049-052-182345-
Southern Lycoming PA-Southern Clinton PA-Union PA-Northumberland PA-
725 PM EDT Sat Jul 18 2026
...A STRONG THUNDERSTORM WILL IMPACT NORTHWESTERN NORTHUMBERLAND...
SOUTH CENTRAL LYCOMING...UNION AND SOUTHEASTERN CLINTON COUNTIES
THROUGH 745 PM EDT...
At 725 PM EDT, Doppler radar was tracking a strong thunderstorm over
Jersey Shore, moving southeast at 55 mph.
HAZARD...Wind gusts up to 50 mph.
SOURCE...Radar indicated.
IMPACT...Gusty winds could knock down tree limbs and blow around
unsecured objects.
Locations impacted include...
Milton, Lewisburg, Mifflinburg, Carroll, Watsontown, Linntown, New
Columbia, Montandon, Penns Creek, McElhattan, Allenwood, Vicksburg,
Elimsport, R.B. Winter State Park, Spruce Run Reservoir,
Collomsville, Forest Hill, Sand Bridge State Park, West Milton, and
New Berlin.
PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...
If outdoors, consider seeking shelter inside a building.
A Severe Thunderstorm Watch remains in effect until 900 PM EDT for
central and north central Pennsylvania.
&&
LAT...LON 4102 7676 4100 7678 4086 7703 4087 7707
4099 7721 4104 7715 4101 7726 4114 7741
4123 7713 4104 7676
TIME...MOT...LOC 2325Z 309DEG 46KT 4113 7720
MAX HAIL SIZE...0.00 IN
MAX WIND GUST...50 MPH
BanghoffLocal storm report, Jul 18, 7:26 PM EDT, 24 minutes before
Preliminary Local Storm Report
National Weather Service State College PA
726 PM EDT Sat Jul 18 2026
..TIME... ...EVENT... ...CITY LOCATION... ...LAT.LON...
..DATE... ....MAG.... ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
..REMARKS..
0712 PM Tstm Wnd Dmg 1 WNW Glen Union 41.23N 77.58W
07/18/2026 Clinton PA 911 Call Center
Trees down on wires along Route 120 and
Zimmerman Lane.
&&Local storm report, Jul 18, 7:30 PM EDT, 20 minutes before
Preliminary Local Storm Report
National Weather Service State College PA
730 PM EDT Sat Jul 18 2026
..TIME... ...EVENT... ...CITY LOCATION... ...LAT.LON...
..DATE... ....MAG.... ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
..REMARKS..
0715 PM Tstm Wnd Dmg 1 N Lock Haven 41.15N 77.46W
07/18/2026 Clinton PA 911 Call Center
Trees down on wires along Havenview Road.
&&Local storm report, Jul 18, 7:36 PM EDT, 14 minutes before
Preliminary Local Storm Report
National Weather Service State College PA
736 PM EDT Sat Jul 18 2026
..TIME... ...EVENT... ...CITY LOCATION... ...LAT.LON...
..DATE... ....MAG.... ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
..REMARKS..
0710 PM Tstm Wnd Dmg 3 NE Penfield 41.24N 78.55W
07/18/2026 Clearfield PA Utility Company
Trees down on wires along Doctors Lane.
&&Special weather statement, Jul 18, 7:36 PM EDT, 14 minutes before
Special Weather Statement
National Weather Service State College PA
736 PM EDT Sat Jul 18 2026
PAZ012-017-018-190000-
Northern Centre PA-Northern Clinton PA-Clearfield PA-
736 PM EDT Sat Jul 18 2026
...A STRONG THUNDERSTORM WILL IMPACT NORTHEASTERN CLEARFIELD...
NORTHWESTERN CENTRE AND WEST CENTRAL CLINTON COUNTIES THROUGH 800 PM
EDT...
At 736 PM EDT, Doppler radar was tracking a strong thunderstorm 21
miles northeast of Clearfield, moving southeast at 35 mph.
HAZARD...Wind gusts up to 50 mph.
SOURCE...Radar indicated.
IMPACT...Gusty winds could knock down tree limbs and blow around
unsecured objects.
Locations impacted include...
Karthaus, Snow Shoe, Clarence, Moshannon, Pine Glen, and Orviston.
PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...
If outdoors, consider seeking shelter inside a building.
Very heavy rainfall is also occurring with this storm and may lead to
localized flooding. Do not drive your vehicle through flooded
roadways.
A Severe Thunderstorm Watch remains in effect until 900 PM EDT for
central and north central Pennsylvania.
&&
LAT...LON 4107 7766 4102 7776 4095 7788 4098 7804
4123 7830 4122 7810 4126 7806
TIME...MOT...LOC 2336Z 311DEG 31KT 4114 7806
MAX HAIL SIZE...0.00 IN
MAX WIND GUST...50 MPH
BanghoffThe office that day
Everything else NWS State College, PA issued on the same UTC day.
| Issued | Product | Office | Counties | Lasted |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jul 18, 7:29 AM EDT | Special Weather Statement | CTP | Cambria | 31 min |
| Jul 18, 8:22 AM EDT | Special Weather Statement | CTP | Blair | 38 min |
| Jul 18, 9:21 AM EDT | Flood Watch | CTP | Adams, Bedford, Blair, Cambria, Cameron, Centre and 23 more | 13 hr |
| Jul 18, 11:03 AM EDT | Special Weather Statement | CTP | Dauphin, Lebanon, Schuylkill | 57 min |
| Jul 18, 11:52 AM EDT | Special Weather Statement | CTP | Cambria | 38 min |
| Jul 18, 12:08 PM EDT | Special Weather Statement | CTP | Warren | 67 min |
| Jul 18, 12:21 PM EDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | CTP | Warren | 39 min |
| Jul 18, 12:32 PM EDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | CTP | Bedford, Somerset | 43 min |
| Jul 18, 12:38 PM EDT | Tornado Warning | CTP | Bedford, Somerset | 37 min |
| Jul 18, 1:00 PM EDT | Special Weather Statement | CTP | Forest | 45 min |
| Jul 18, 1:18 PM EDT | Special Weather Statement | CTP | Fulton | 42 min |
| Jul 18, 2:09 PM EDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | CTP | Cameron, Elk | 51 min |
| Jul 18, 2:18 PM EDT | Tornado Warning | CTP | Elk | 27 min |
| Jul 18, 2:37 PM EDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | CTP | Elk | 40 min |
| Jul 18, 2:47 PM EDT | Tornado Warning | CTP | Elk | 28 min |
| Jul 18, 2:58 PM EDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | CTP | Cameron, Clinton, Elk | 47 min |
| Jul 18, 3:01 PM EDT | Flash Flood Warning | CTP | Bedford, Somerset | 3 hr |
| Jul 18, 3:14 PM EDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | CTP | Adams, York | 31 min |
| Jul 18, 3:15 PM EDT | Tornado Warning | CTP | Cameron, Elk | 30 min |
| Jul 18, 3:22 PM EDT | Special Weather Statement | CTP | Lancaster | 23 min |
| Jul 18, 3:42 PM EDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | CTP | Cameron, Centre, Clinton, Elk | 48 min |
| Jul 18, 4:29 PM EDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | CTP | Centre, Clinton | 46 min |
| Jul 18, 4:34 PM EDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | CTP | McKean, Warren | 56 min |
| Jul 18, 4:55 PM EDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | CTP | Clearfield | 50 min |
| Jul 18, 4:59 PM EDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | CTP | Clearfield | 19 min |
| Jul 18, 5:00 PM EDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | CTP | Centre, Clinton, Union | 45 min |
| Jul 18, 5:25 PM EDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | CTP | Cambria, Somerset | 50 min |
| Jul 18, 5:28 PM EDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | CTP | Cameron, Elk, McKean, Potter, Warren | 62 min |
| Jul 18, 5:37 PM EDT | Tornado Warning | CTP | Somerset | 23 min |
| Jul 18, 5:50 PM EDT | Special Weather Statement | CTP | Union | 55 min |
| Jul 18, 6:02 PM EDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | CTP | Clearfield | 43 min |
| Jul 18, 6:04 PM EDT | Tornado Warning | CTP | Cameron, Clinton, Potter | 14 min |
| Jul 18, 6:26 PM EDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | CTP | Cameron, Centre, Clearfield, Clinton, Elk, Lycoming and 1 more | 64 min |
| Jul 18, 6:34 PM EDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | CTP | Clearfield, Elk | 56 min |
| Jul 18, 7:25 PM EDT | Special Weather Statement | CTP | Union | 20 min |
| Jul 18, 7:34 PM EDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | CTP | Clearfield | 41 min |
| Jul 18, 7:36 PM EDT | Special Weather Statement | CTP | Centre | 24 min |
Nearby
Flash Flood Warnings in Pennsylvania, 2026Every flash flood warning in 2026
Sources
The product and its follow-ups from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service and Storm Prediction Center text; local storm reports from the same archive; the sounding from the Mesonet's radiosonde archive; radar from the NEXRAD Level II archive.