Alert archive / Minnesota / Severe Thunderstorm Warnings in 2025
Severe Thunderstorm Warning 55, NWS Twin Cities, MN
NWS Twin Cities, MN issued this severe thunderstorm warning at Jun 16, 2025, 6:05 PM CDT for Brown County, Nicollet County, Sibley County, Minnesota. It was in force for 55 min. 2 reports came from inside the area while it was in force.
The area
The outline as issued, with what was reported inside it.
The facts
- Issued
- Jun 16, 2025, 6:05 PM CDT (23:05 UTC)
- Expired
- Jun 16, 2025, 7:00 PM CDT
- In force
- 55 min
- Issued by
- NWS Twin Cities, MN
- Area
- Storm-based polygon
- Hail
- 1.0 in
- Wind
- 50.0 mph
Counties Brown County, MN, Nicollet County, MN, Sibley County, MN
The radar
The Minneapolis radar (KMPX), 91 km from the middle of the area, began a volume at 23:05 UTC, the scan nearest the moment this went out.
Open the radar archive at this moment
The archived warnings, watches and discussions in force at that minute are drawn over the scan, this one among them.
What was reported inside it
| Time | Report | Where | Remark |
|---|---|---|---|
| Jun 16, 6:05 PM CDT | HAIL 0.5 | Lafayette, MN | |
| Jun 16, 6:36 PM CDT | TORNADO | 3 N Courtland, MN | Storms chasers confirmed brief tornado touched down just north of Courtland. |
Local storm reports filed while the alert was in force, from inside its polygon or its counties.
Did it verify
Not verified. The Iowa Environmental Mesonet's Cow found no qualifying storm report inside this severe thunderstorm warning while it was in force. That is not proof nothing happened: reports are thin where few people live.
Cow counts a report within 15 km of the polygon while the warning was in force: a tornado for a tornado warning; hail of 1 inch or more, a gust of 58 mph or more or wind damage for a severe thunderstorm warning; a flash flood report for a flash flood warning.
The watch it was issued in
The SPC watch in force over the same counties when this warning went out.
| Issued | Product | Office | Lasted |
|---|---|---|---|
| Jun 16, 2:52 PM CDT | Tornado Watch | SPC | 6 hr |
The nearest sounding before it
Minneapolis, MN (KMPX), launched 12:00Z, 11.1 hours before the alert went out and 88 km from the middle of its area. This is the routine balloon launch nearest before it, the air the forecaster had in hand, not a measurement taken for the alert.
- Mixed-layer CAPE
- 575 J/kg
- Mixed-layer CIN
- -77 J/kg
- Mixed-layer LCL
- 874 m above ground
- 0-6 km bulk shear
- 22 kt
- 0-1 km storm-relative helicity
- 50 m²/s²
- 0-3 km storm-relative helicity
- 164 m²/s²
- Significant tornado parameter
- 0.0
- Supercell composite
- 2.3
The text
As transmitted.
286
WUUS53 KMPX 162305
SVRMPX
MNC015-103-143-170000-
/O.NEW.KMPX.SV.W.0055.250616T2305Z-250617T0000Z/
BULLETIN - IMMEDIATE BROADCAST REQUESTED
Severe Thunderstorm Warning
National Weather Service Twin Cities/Chanhassen MN
Issued by National Weather Service Denver CO
605 PM CDT Mon Jun 16 2025
The National Weather Service in the Twin Cities has issued a
* Severe Thunderstorm Warning for...
Southwestern Sibley County in central Minnesota...
Northeastern Brown County in south central Minnesota...
Northwestern Nicollet County in south central Minnesota...
* Until 700 PM CDT.
* At 605 PM CDT, a severe thunderstorm was located 9 miles northeast
of Sleepy Eye, or 10 miles northwest of New Ulm, moving northeast
at 20 mph.
HAZARD...Quarter size hail.
SOURCE...Radar indicated.
IMPACT...Damage to vehicles is expected.
* Locations impacted include...
New Ulm, Winthrop, Lafayette, Klossner, New Ulm Airport, Flandrau
State Park, St George and Essig.
PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...
Seek shelter inside a well-built structure and stay away from
windows. This storm is capable of producing large hail.
A Tornado Watch remains in effect until 900 PM CDT for portions of
central and south central Minnesota.
&&
LAT...LON 4443 9470 4446 9465 4446 9462 4447 9462
4463 9428 4430 9417 4430 9468
TIME...MOT...LOC 2305Z 245DEG 16KT 4440 9463
HAIL THREAT...RADAR INDICATED
MAX HAIL SIZE...1.00 IN
WIND THREAT...RADAR INDICATED
MAX WIND GUST...<50 MPH
$$
Schlatter3 follow-up statements
320 WWUS53 KMPX 162316 SVSMPX Severe Weather Statement National Weather Service Twin Cities/Chanhassen MN Issued by National Weather Service Denver CO 616 PM CDT Mon Jun 16 2025 MNC015-103-143-170000- /O.CON.KMPX.SV.W.0055.000000T0000Z-250617T0000Z/ Brown MN-Nicollet MN-Sibley MN- 616 PM CDT Mon Jun 16 2025 ...SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WARNING REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 7 PM CDT FOR SOUTHWESTERN SIBLEY, EAST CENTRAL BROWN AND NORTH CENTRAL NICOLLET COUNTIES... At 616 PM CDT, a severe thunderstorm was located 8 miles south of Gibbon, or 9 miles northwest of New Ulm, moving northeast at 20 mph. HAZARD...Quarter size hail. SOURCE...Radar indicated. IMPACT...Damage to vehicles is expected. Locations impacted include... New Ulm, Winthrop, Lafayette, Klossner, New Ulm Airport, Flandrau State Park and St George. PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS... Seek shelter inside a well-built structure and stay away from windows. This storm is capable of producing large hail. A Tornado Watch remains in effect until 900 PM CDT for portions of central and south central Minnesota. && LAT...LON 4445 9458 4463 9428 4430 9417 4430 9453 TIME...MOT...LOC 2305Z 245DEG 16KT 4440 9462 HAIL THREAT...RADAR INDICATED MAX HAIL SIZE...1.00 IN WIND THREAT...RADAR INDICATED MAX WIND GUST...<50 MPH $$ Schlatter
996
WWUS53 KMPX 162331 RRA
SVSMPX
Severe Weather Statement
National Weather Service Twin Cities/Chanhassen MN
Issued by National Weather Service Denver CO
631 PM CDT Mon Jun 16 2025
MNC015-143-162341-
/O.CAN.KMPX.SV.W.0055.000000T0000Z-250617T0000Z/
Brown MN-Sibley MN-
631 PM CDT Mon Jun 16 2025
...SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WARNING IS CANCELLED FOR SOUTHWESTERN SIBLEY
AND EAST CENTRAL BROWN COUNTIES...
The storm which prompted the warning has moved out of the area.
Therefore, the warning has been cancelled.
A Tornado Watch remains in effect until 900 PM CDT for portions of
central and south central Minnesota.
&&
LAT...LON 4444 9442 4446 9425 4446 9422 4430 9417
4430 9441
TIME...MOT...LOC 2316Z 245DEG 16KT 4442 9456
$$
MNC103-170000-
/O.CON.KMPX.SV.W.0055.000000T0000Z-250617T0000Z/
Nicollet MN-
631 PM CDT Mon Jun 16 2025
...SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WARNING REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 7 PM CDT FOR
NORTH CENTRAL NICOLLET COUNTY...
At 631 PM CDT, a severe thunderstorm was located near Lafayette, or
10 miles north of New Ulm, moving northeast at 20 mph.
HAZARD...Half dollar size hail.
SOURCE...Radar indicated.
IMPACT...Damage to vehicles is expected.
Locations impacted include...
Lafayette.
PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...
Seek shelter inside a well-built structure and stay away from
windows. This storm is capable of producing large hail.
A Tornado Watch remains in effect until 900 PM CDT for a portion of
south central Minnesota.
&&
LAT...LON 4444 9442 4446 9425 4446 9422 4430 9417
4430 9441
TIME...MOT...LOC 2316Z 245DEG 16KT 4442 9456
HAIL THREAT...RADAR INDICATED
MAX HAIL SIZE...1.25 IN
WIND THREAT...RADAR INDICATED
MAX WIND GUST...<50 MPH
$$
Schlatter815
WWUS53 KMPX 162354
SVSMPX
Severe Weather Statement
National Weather Service Twin Cities/Chanhassen MN
Issued by National Weather Service Denver CO
654 PM CDT Mon Jun 16 2025
MNC103-170004-
/O.EXP.KMPX.SV.W.0055.000000T0000Z-250617T0000Z/
Nicollet MN-
654 PM CDT Mon Jun 16 2025
...SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WARNING WILL EXPIRE AT 7 PM CDT FOR NORTH
CENTRAL NICOLLET COUNTY...
The storm which prompted the warning has moved out of the area.
Therefore, the warning will be allowed to expire.
&&
LAT...LON 4444 9442 4446 9425 4446 9422 4430 9417
4430 9441
TIME...MOT...LOC 2331Z 245DEG 16KT 4445 9447
$$
SchlatterWhat forecasters said that day
The local office's own words before this severe thunderstorm warning went out, as it sent them, from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service text.
NWS Twin Cities, MN wrote its last area forecast discussion before this severe thunderstorm warning went out at Jun 16, 3:22 PM CDT, 2 hours 43 minutes earlier. Its key messages:
- Additional thunderstorm development likely this afternoon across western & central Minnesota. Thunderstorms will move into the Twin Cities late afternoon/early evening and into western Wisconsin this evening.
- A few severe thunderstorms are possible capable of large hail, damaging winds, and a couple tornadoes this afternoon into the evening hours. An active pattern continues through the week with additional thunderstorm chances.
- Increasing signal for above-normal temperatures for the weekend.
Area forecast discussion, Jun 16, 3:22 PM CDT, 2 hours 43 minutes before
Area Forecast Discussion National Weather Service Twin Cities/Chanhassen MN Issued by National Weather Service La Crosse WI 322 PM CDT Mon Jun 16 2025 .KEY MESSAGES... - Additional thunderstorm development likely this afternoon across western & central Minnesota. Thunderstorms will move into the Twin Cities late afternoon/early evening and into western Wisconsin this evening. - A few severe thunderstorms are possible capable of large hail, damaging winds, and a couple tornadoes this afternoon into the evening hours. An active pattern continues through the week with additional thunderstorm chances. - Increasing signal for above-normal temperatures for the weekend. && .DISCUSSION... Issued at 320 PM CDT Mon Jun 16 2025 Current regional radar mosaic shows a broken line of thunderstorms over east-central Minnesota and isolated thunderstorms over southeastern Minnesota. Our immediate concern is tied to the storms over EC MN that produced damaging winds in & around St. Cloud earlier this afternoon. These storms are moving east into a less favorable environment as the exit MN and into W WI where the storms should begin to dissipate. Temperatures are in the low to upper 80s with low 70s dew points across W/C MN and upper 70s with low 70s dew points in E MN and W WI. Our attention turns to the next round of thunderstorms slated to develop mid-late afternoon along & ahead of a surface cold front across western Minnesota. A complex severe weather set up is in place with a few key unknowns that I will try to expand on below. A brief mesoscale analysis highlights a plume of moderate instability 3000 to 4000 J/Kg, 35 to 45 kts bulk shear, favorable low level shear with backed southeasterly sfc winds ahead of the front over W/SW MN. Lapse rates aren’t ideal, around 7.0 to 7.5 c/km. Another concern is the upper & mid-level wind profile may limit the potential for higher end severe weather. Hi-res guidance split into two groups: two areas of convection with one in central MN & one in southern MN but nothing in the Twin Cities metropolitan area. The second group develops storms along the entire boundary and brings it through the Twin Cities. There is still a large amount of uncertainty with what unfolds this afternoon, but we are certain we’ll see thunderstorms develop and impact C & S MN and W WI. Furthermore, there isn’t anything that jumps out to us that would signal which evolution is correct. There is limited capping & plenty of instability across the area. Ultimately, we will likely see smaller scale features influence the exact evolution that isn’t as straightforward. Any thunderstorm that does develop will be capable of producing large hail, damaging winds, and a tornado or two. The better shear environment across our central Minnesota counties will favor the better environment for tornado potential. Our confidence in timing has improved though. The latest hi-res runs have trended toward a line of thunderstorms developing between 20Z- 21Z across western Minnesota that gradually builds south into southern Minnesota by 23-00Z. Our current timing would support the 2p-4p window across our western CWA with storms moving east into the western Twin Cities around 5 to 6pm & eastern Twin Cities metro 7 to 8pm. All storms will produce brief downpours & heavy rain with localized flooding possible, especially for those who have had heavy rain earlier today. For the rest of the forecast period - the pattern will remain active across the Upper Midwest but we’ll experience a bit of a lull Tuesday & Wednesday as slightly drier air settles in behind the cold front tonight into Tuesday. Storm chances increase for the end of the work week. Temperatures will return to the 70s & low 80s through Wednesday before warming into the 90s this weekend. Global guidance signals an impressive mid level ridge building into the Great Lakes region for the weekend. This should lead to the return of Summer heat & humidity Saturday & Sunday. The building ridge will place the Upper Midwest in the Ring of Fire-type pattern that will usher in additional thunderstorm chances into early next week. The broad pattern should support severe chances too, but it’s much too early to pin those down 5 to 7 days out. && .AVIATION /18Z TAFS THROUGH 18Z TUESDAY/... Issued at 1245 PM CDT Mon Jun 16 2025 As MVFR ceilings slowly lift or scatter out, full attention turns to TS, both ongoing west of MSP/STC and with another round probable to sweep east across the area this afternoon/evening, potentially affecting all sites, with a greater probability for TS east of a STC to MKT line. Timing remains uncertain so amendments will likely be needed. Moving ahead to tonight, MVFR/IFR is favored to return along and northeast of a LXL-EAU line, affecting RNH and EAU. These ceilings should break up west to east Tuesday morning, yielding VFR areawide by the end of the period. KMSP...Broken line of TS is present west of MSP at issuance time with this expected to affect airspace around the terminal over the next 2 hours, with the window for greatest impacts likely focusing on 1830-1930 UTC. After these thunderstorms depart to the east, will monitor likely redevelopment later this afternoon and evening with potential for a line of TS sweeping eastward. Timing remains stubbornly uncertain so have elected to cover this later potential with a TEMPO group covering several hours. If timing becomes more certain may convert to definite mentions. MVFR ceilings may return after 06z Tuesday but these will likely remain to the northeast so have omitted them. /OUTLOOK FOR KMSP/ TUE...VFR/MVFR slgt chc IFR/-TSRA. Wind NW 5-10kts. WED...MVFR/-SHRA chc IFR/-TSRA. Wind N 5-10kts. THU...VFR, slgt chc MVFR/-TSRA. Wind W 5-10kts. && .MPX WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES... MN...None. WI...None. && DISCUSSION...WFO MPX AVIATION...WFO MPX
Hazardous weather outlook, Jun 16, 3:04 PM CDT, 3 hours 1 minute before
Hazardous Weather Outlook National Weather Service Twin Cities/Chanhassen MN Issued by National Weather Service La Crosse WI 304 PM CDT Mon Jun 16 2025 MNZ041>045-047>070-073>078-082>085-091>093-WIZ014>016-023>028- 172015- Douglas-Todd-Morrison-Mille Lacs-Kanabec-Stevens-Pope-Stearns- Benton-Sherburne-Isanti-Chisago-Lac Qui Parle-Swift-Chippewa- Kandiyohi-Meeker-Wright-Hennepin-Anoka-Ramsey-Washington- Yellow Medicine-Renville-McLeod-Sibley-Carver-Scott-Dakota- Redwood-Brown-Nicollet-Le Sueur-Rice-Goodhue-Watonwan-Blue Earth- Waseca-Steele-Martin-Faribault-Freeborn-Polk-Barron-Rusk- St. Croix-Pierce-Dunn-Pepin-Eau Claire- 304 PM CDT Mon Jun 16 2025 This Hazardous Weather Outlook is for portions of central and southern Minnesota, and west central Wisconsin. .DAY ONE...Tonight. Showers and thunderstorms are expected this afternoon with strong to severe storms possible. Large hail, damaging winds, tornadoes, and localized areas of heavy rainfall are possible. .DAYS TWO THROUGH SEVEN...Tuesday through Sunday. Multiple rounds of thunderstorms are expected Tuesday through Wednesday. This will result in additional chances for strong to severe storms and heavy rainfall. .SPOTTER INFORMATION STATEMENT... SKYWARN spotter activation will likely be needed. JAW
In the hours before
Local storm report, Jun 16, 5:15 PM CDT, 50 minutes before
Preliminary Local Storm Report
National Weather Service Twin Cities/Chanhassen MN
515 PM CDT Mon Jun 16 2025
..TIME... ...EVENT... ...CITY LOCATION... ...LAT.LON...
..DATE... ....MAG.... ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
..REMARKS..
0510 PM Hail Ladysmith 45.46N 91.09W
06/16/2025 M0.75 Inch Rusk WI Public
&&
RMDLocal storm report, Jun 16, 5:38 PM CDT, 27 minutes before
Preliminary Local Storm Report
National Weather Service Twin Cities/Chanhassen MN
538 PM CDT Mon Jun 16 2025
..TIME... ...EVENT... ...CITY LOCATION... ...LAT.LON...
..DATE... ....MAG.... ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
..REMARKS..
0525 PM Hail 3 SSE Dassel 45.04N 94.29W
06/16/2025 M1.00 Inch Meeker MN Trained Spotter
Multiple reports of quarter sized hail south
of Dassel.
&&
BEDLocal storm report, Jun 16, 5:40 PM CDT, 25 minutes before
Preliminary Local Storm Report
National Weather Service Twin Cities/Chanhassen MN
540 PM CDT Mon Jun 16 2025
..TIME... ...EVENT... ...CITY LOCATION... ...LAT.LON...
..DATE... ....MAG.... ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
..REMARKS..
0538 PM Hail 2 W Annandale 45.26N 94.17W
06/16/2025 M0.75 Inch Wright MN Trained Spotter
&&
RMDLocal storm report, Jun 16, 5:44 PM CDT, 21 minutes before
Preliminary Local Storm Report
National Weather Service Twin Cities/Chanhassen MN
544 PM CDT Mon Jun 16 2025
..TIME... ...EVENT... ...CITY LOCATION... ...LAT.LON...
..DATE... ....MAG.... ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
..REMARKS..
0542 PM Hail Springfield 44.24N 94.98W
06/16/2025 M0.50 Inch Brown MN Fire Dept/Rescue
&&
RMDLocal storm report, Jun 16, 5:48 PM CDT, 17 minutes before
Preliminary Local Storm Report
National Weather Service Twin Cities/Chanhassen MN
548 PM CDT Mon Jun 16 2025
..TIME... ...EVENT... ...CITY LOCATION... ...LAT.LON...
..DATE... ....MAG.... ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
..REMARKS..
0544 PM Hail Cokato 45.08N 94.19W
06/16/2025 M1.00 Inch Wright MN Trained Spotter
&&
RMDLocal storm report, Jun 16, 5:57 PM CDT, 8 minutes before
Preliminary Local Storm Report
National Weather Service Twin Cities/Chanhassen MN
557 PM CDT Mon Jun 16 2025
..TIME... ...EVENT... ...CITY LOCATION... ...LAT.LON...
..DATE... ....MAG.... ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
..REMARKS..
0546 PM Hail 2 ESE Cokato 45.07N 94.14W
06/16/2025 M1.75 Inch Wright MN Trained Spotter
&&
RMDThe office that day
Everything else NWS Twin Cities, MN issued on the same UTC day.
| Issued | Product | Office | Counties | Lasted |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jun 15, 7:26 PM CDT | Special Weather Statement | MPX | Faribault | 49 min |
| Jun 15, 8:55 PM CDT | River Flood Warning | MPX | Redwood, Renville | 6 days |
| Jun 15, 8:55 PM CDT | River Flood Warning | MPX | Carver | 7 days |
| Jun 16, 5:42 AM CDT | Special Weather Statement | MPX | Freeborn | 63 min |
| Jun 16, 7:00 AM CDT | Areal Flood Advisory | MPX | Faribault, Freeborn | 3 hr |
| Jun 16, 7:14 AM CDT | Special Weather Statement | MPX | Freeborn | 31 min |
| Jun 16, 7:41 AM CDT | Special Weather Statement | MPX | Swift | 34 min |
| Jun 16, 9:01 AM CDT | Special Weather Statement | MPX | Kandiyohi | 29 min |
| Jun 16, 9:39 AM CDT | Special Weather Statement | MPX | Blue Earth, Faribault, Waseca | 36 min |
| Jun 16, 9:56 AM CDT | Special Weather Statement | MPX | Rice | 34 min |
| Jun 16, 10:28 AM CDT | Special Weather Statement | MPX | Wright | 32 min |
| Jun 16, 11:14 AM CDT | Areal Flood Warning | MPX | Faribault, Freeborn | 12 hr |
| Jun 16, 11:49 AM CDT | Special Weather Statement | MPX | Stearns | 26 min |
| Jun 16, 11:57 AM CDT | Special Weather Statement | MPX | Morrison | 33 min |
| Jun 16, 12:27 PM CDT | Special Weather Statement | MPX | Stearns | 33 min |
| Jun 16, 12:57 PM CDT | Special Weather Statement | MPX | Benton | 33 min |
| Jun 16, 1:04 PM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | MPX | Carver, Hennepin, Scott | 26 min |
| Jun 16, 1:26 PM CDT | Special Weather Statement | MPX | Sherburne, Wright | 34 min |
| Jun 16, 2:01 PM CDT | Special Weather Statement | MPX | Hennepin | 29 min |
| Jun 16, 2:30 PM CDT | Special Weather Statement | MPX | Hennepin | 30 min |
| Jun 16, 2:55 PM CDT | Special Weather Statement | MPX | Ramsey | 35 min |
| Jun 16, 3:42 PM CDT | Tornado Warning | MPX | Todd | 33 min |
| Jun 16, 4:06 PM CDT | Tornado Warning | MPX | Todd | 24 min |
| Jun 16, 4:54 PM CDT | Tornado Warning | MPX | Meeker, Stearns | 36 min |
| Jun 16, 5:20 PM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | MPX | Carver, McLeod, Meeker, Wright | 40 min |
| Jun 16, 5:27 PM CDT | Tornado Warning | MPX | Meeker, Wright | 33 min |
| Jun 16, 5:32 PM CDT | Tornado Warning | MPX | Meeker, Wright | 28 min |
| Jun 16, 5:56 PM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | MPX | Kanabec, Mille Lacs, Morrison | 49 min |
| Jun 16, 5:57 PM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | MPX | Carver, Hennepin, McLeod, Wright | 48 min |
| Jun 16, 5:58 PM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | MPX | Hennepin, Sherburne, Wright | 13 min |
| Jun 16, 6:02 PM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | MPX | Carver, McLeod | 43 min |
| Jun 16, 6:27 PM CDT | Tornado Warning | MPX | Nicollet | 48 min |
| Jun 16, 6:28 PM CDT | Tornado Warning | MPX | Carver, McLeod | 32 min |
| Jun 16, 6:40 PM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | MPX | Benton, Isanti, Kanabec, Mille Lacs | 50 min |
| Jun 16, 6:52 PM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | MPX | Carver, Hennepin, Scott | 38 min |
| Jun 16, 6:53 PM CDT | Tornado Warning | MPX | Nicollet | 22 min |
| Jun 16, 6:58 PM CDT | Tornado Warning | MPX | Carver | 17 min |
Nearby
Severe Thunderstorm Warnings in Minnesota, 2025Every severe thunderstorm warning in 2025
Sources
The product and its follow-ups from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service and Storm Prediction Center text; local storm reports from the same archive; the sounding from the Mesonet's radiosonde archive; radar from the NEXRAD Level II archive.