Alert archive / Minnesota / Severe Thunderstorm Warnings in 2025
Severe Thunderstorm Warning 50, NWS Twin Cities, MN
NWS Twin Cities, MN issued this severe thunderstorm warning at Jun 16, 2025, 5:20 PM CDT for 4 counties in Minnesota. It was in force for 40 min. 3 reports came from inside the area while it was in force.
The area
The outline as issued, with what was reported inside it.
The facts
- Issued
- Jun 16, 2025, 5:20 PM CDT (22:20 UTC)
- Expired
- Jun 16, 2025, 6:00 PM CDT
- In force
- 40 min
- Issued by
- NWS Twin Cities, MN
- Area
- Storm-based polygon
- Tornado
- Possible
- Hail
- 1.25 in
- Wind
- 60.0 mph
Counties Carver County, MN, McLeod County, MN, Meeker County, MN, Wright County, MN
The radar
The Minneapolis radar (KMPX), 55 km from the middle of the area, began a volume at 22:23 UTC, the scan nearest the moment this went out.
Open the radar archive at this moment
The archived warnings, watches and discussions in force at that minute are drawn over the scan, this one among them.
What was reported inside it
| Time | Report | Where | Remark |
|---|---|---|---|
| Jun 16, 5:25 PM CDT | HAIL 1 | 3 Sse Dassel, MN | Multiple reports of quarter sized hail south of Dassel. |
| Jun 16, 5:44 PM CDT | HAIL 1 | Cokato, MN | |
| Jun 16, 5:46 PM CDT | HAIL 1.75 | 2 Ese Cokato, MN |
Local storm reports filed while the alert was in force, from inside its polygon or its counties.
Did it verify
Verified. The Iowa Environmental Mesonet's Cow matched 3 storm reports to this severe thunderstorm warning; the first came 5 minutes after it went out.
Cow counts a report within 15 km of the polygon while the warning was in force: a tornado for a tornado warning; hail of 1 inch or more, a gust of 58 mph or more or wind damage for a severe thunderstorm warning; a flash flood report for a flash flood warning.
The watch it was issued in
The SPC watch in force over the same counties when this warning went out.
| Issued | Product | Office | Lasted |
|---|---|---|---|
| Jun 16, 2:52 PM CDT | Tornado Watch | SPC | 6 hr |
The nearest sounding before it
Minneapolis, MN (KMPX), launched 12:00Z, 10.3 hours before the alert went out and 53 km from the middle of its area. This is the routine balloon launch nearest before it, the air the forecaster had in hand, not a measurement taken for the alert.
- Mixed-layer CAPE
- 575 J/kg
- Mixed-layer CIN
- -77 J/kg
- Mixed-layer LCL
- 874 m above ground
- 0-6 km bulk shear
- 22 kt
- 0-1 km storm-relative helicity
- 50 m²/s²
- 0-3 km storm-relative helicity
- 164 m²/s²
- Significant tornado parameter
- 0.0
- Supercell composite
- 2.3
The text
As transmitted.
575
WUUS53 KMPX 162220
SVRMPX
MNC019-085-093-171-162300-
/O.NEW.KMPX.SV.W.0050.250616T2220Z-250616T2300Z/
BULLETIN - IMMEDIATE BROADCAST REQUESTED
Severe Thunderstorm Warning
National Weather Service Twin Cities/Chanhassen MN
Issued by National Weather Service Denver CO
520 PM CDT Mon Jun 16 2025
The National Weather Service in the Twin Cities has issued a
* Severe Thunderstorm Warning for...
Northeastern McLeod County in central Minnesota...
Southeastern Meeker County in central Minnesota...
Southwestern Wright County in central Minnesota...
Northwestern Carver County in east central Minnesota...
* Until 600 PM CDT.
* At 520 PM CDT, a severe thunderstorm was located 6 miles south of
Dassel, or 8 miles north of Hutchinson, moving east at 25 mph.
HAZARD...60 mph wind gusts and half dollar size hail.
SOURCE...Radar indicated.
IMPACT...Hail damage to vehicles is expected. Expect wind
damage to roofs, siding, and trees.
* Locations impacted include...
Montrose, Cokato, Winsted, Howard Lake, Dassel, Waverly,
Hollywood, New Germany and Smith Lake.
PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...
Seek shelter inside a well-built structure and stay away from
windows. This storm is capable of producing damaging winds and large
hail.
Tornadoes can develop quickly from severe thunderstorms. Seek
shelter immediately in an interior room on the lowest floor of a
well-built structure.
A Tornado Watch remains in effect until 900 PM CDT Monday for
portions of central and east central Minnesota.
&&
LAT...LON 4498 9437 4508 9439 4515 9394 4488 9395
4495 9437
TIME...MOT...LOC 2220Z 266DEG 19KT 4500 9433
TORNADO...POSSIBLE
HAIL THREAT...RADAR INDICATED
MAX HAIL SIZE...1.25 IN
WIND THREAT...RADAR INDICATED
MAX WIND GUST...60 MPH
$$
Schlatter1 follow-up statement
451
WWUS53 KMPX 162245
SVSMPX
Severe Weather Statement
National Weather Service Twin Cities/Chanhassen MN
Issued by National Weather Service Denver CO
545 PM CDT Mon Jun 16 2025
MNC019-085-093-162255-
/O.CAN.KMPX.SV.W.0050.000000T0000Z-250616T2300Z/
Carver MN-McLeod MN-Meeker MN-
545 PM CDT Mon Jun 16 2025
...SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WARNING IS CANCELLED FOR NORTHEASTERN MCLEOD,
SOUTHEASTERN MEEKER AND NORTHWESTERN CARVER COUNTIES...
The storm which prompted the warning has moved out of the area.
Therefore, the warning has been cancelled.
A Tornado Watch remains in effect until 900 PM CDT Monday for
portions of central and east central Minnesota.
&&
LAT...LON 4510 9426 4515 9394 4498 9395 4498 9426
TIME...MOT...LOC 2220Z 266DEG 19KT 4500 9433
$$
MNC171-162300-
/O.CON.KMPX.SV.W.0050.000000T0000Z-250616T2300Z/
Wright MN-
545 PM CDT Mon Jun 16 2025
...SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WARNING REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 6 PM CDT FOR
SOUTHWESTERN WRIGHT COUNTY...
At 545 PM CDT, a severe thunderstorm was located 5 miles southeast
of Cokato, or 14 miles northeast of Hutchinson, moving east at 25
mph.
HAZARD...60 mph wind gusts and half dollar size hail.
SOURCE...Radar indicated.
IMPACT...Hail damage to vehicles is expected. Expect wind damage
to roofs, siding, and trees.
Locations impacted include...
Montrose, Cokato, Howard Lake, Waverly and Smith Lake.
PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...
Seek shelter inside a well-built structure and stay away from
windows. This storm is capable of producing damaging winds and large
hail.
Tornadoes can develop quickly from severe thunderstorms. Seek
shelter immediately in an interior room on the lowest floor of a
well-built structure.
A Tornado Watch remains in effect until 900 PM CDT Monday for a
portion of central Minnesota.
&&
LAT...LON 4510 9426 4515 9394 4498 9395 4498 9426
TIME...MOT...LOC 2220Z 266DEG 19KT 4500 9433
TORNADO...POSSIBLE
HAIL THREAT...RADAR INDICATED
MAX HAIL SIZE...1.25 IN
WIND THREAT...RADAR INDICATED
MAX WIND GUST...60 MPH
$$
SchlatterWhat forecasters said that day
The local office's own words before this severe thunderstorm warning went out, as it sent them, from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service text.
NWS Twin Cities, MN wrote its last area forecast discussion before this severe thunderstorm warning went out at Jun 16, 3:22 PM CDT, 1 hour 58 minutes earlier. Its key messages:
- Additional thunderstorm development likely this afternoon across western & central Minnesota. Thunderstorms will move into the Twin Cities late afternoon/early evening and into western Wisconsin this evening.
- A few severe thunderstorms are possible capable of large hail, damaging winds, and a couple tornadoes this afternoon into the evening hours. An active pattern continues through the week with additional thunderstorm chances.
- Increasing signal for above-normal temperatures for the weekend.
Area forecast discussion, Jun 16, 3:22 PM CDT, 1 hour 58 minutes before
Area Forecast Discussion National Weather Service Twin Cities/Chanhassen MN Issued by National Weather Service La Crosse WI 322 PM CDT Mon Jun 16 2025 .KEY MESSAGES... - Additional thunderstorm development likely this afternoon across western & central Minnesota. Thunderstorms will move into the Twin Cities late afternoon/early evening and into western Wisconsin this evening. - A few severe thunderstorms are possible capable of large hail, damaging winds, and a couple tornadoes this afternoon into the evening hours. An active pattern continues through the week with additional thunderstorm chances. - Increasing signal for above-normal temperatures for the weekend. && .DISCUSSION... Issued at 320 PM CDT Mon Jun 16 2025 Current regional radar mosaic shows a broken line of thunderstorms over east-central Minnesota and isolated thunderstorms over southeastern Minnesota. Our immediate concern is tied to the storms over EC MN that produced damaging winds in & around St. Cloud earlier this afternoon. These storms are moving east into a less favorable environment as the exit MN and into W WI where the storms should begin to dissipate. Temperatures are in the low to upper 80s with low 70s dew points across W/C MN and upper 70s with low 70s dew points in E MN and W WI. Our attention turns to the next round of thunderstorms slated to develop mid-late afternoon along & ahead of a surface cold front across western Minnesota. A complex severe weather set up is in place with a few key unknowns that I will try to expand on below. A brief mesoscale analysis highlights a plume of moderate instability 3000 to 4000 J/Kg, 35 to 45 kts bulk shear, favorable low level shear with backed southeasterly sfc winds ahead of the front over W/SW MN. Lapse rates aren’t ideal, around 7.0 to 7.5 c/km. Another concern is the upper & mid-level wind profile may limit the potential for higher end severe weather. Hi-res guidance split into two groups: two areas of convection with one in central MN & one in southern MN but nothing in the Twin Cities metropolitan area. The second group develops storms along the entire boundary and brings it through the Twin Cities. There is still a large amount of uncertainty with what unfolds this afternoon, but we are certain we’ll see thunderstorms develop and impact C & S MN and W WI. Furthermore, there isn’t anything that jumps out to us that would signal which evolution is correct. There is limited capping & plenty of instability across the area. Ultimately, we will likely see smaller scale features influence the exact evolution that isn’t as straightforward. Any thunderstorm that does develop will be capable of producing large hail, damaging winds, and a tornado or two. The better shear environment across our central Minnesota counties will favor the better environment for tornado potential. Our confidence in timing has improved though. The latest hi-res runs have trended toward a line of thunderstorms developing between 20Z- 21Z across western Minnesota that gradually builds south into southern Minnesota by 23-00Z. Our current timing would support the 2p-4p window across our western CWA with storms moving east into the western Twin Cities around 5 to 6pm & eastern Twin Cities metro 7 to 8pm. All storms will produce brief downpours & heavy rain with localized flooding possible, especially for those who have had heavy rain earlier today. For the rest of the forecast period - the pattern will remain active across the Upper Midwest but we’ll experience a bit of a lull Tuesday & Wednesday as slightly drier air settles in behind the cold front tonight into Tuesday. Storm chances increase for the end of the work week. Temperatures will return to the 70s & low 80s through Wednesday before warming into the 90s this weekend. Global guidance signals an impressive mid level ridge building into the Great Lakes region for the weekend. This should lead to the return of Summer heat & humidity Saturday & Sunday. The building ridge will place the Upper Midwest in the Ring of Fire-type pattern that will usher in additional thunderstorm chances into early next week. The broad pattern should support severe chances too, but it’s much too early to pin those down 5 to 7 days out. && .AVIATION /18Z TAFS THROUGH 18Z TUESDAY/... Issued at 1245 PM CDT Mon Jun 16 2025 As MVFR ceilings slowly lift or scatter out, full attention turns to TS, both ongoing west of MSP/STC and with another round probable to sweep east across the area this afternoon/evening, potentially affecting all sites, with a greater probability for TS east of a STC to MKT line. Timing remains uncertain so amendments will likely be needed. Moving ahead to tonight, MVFR/IFR is favored to return along and northeast of a LXL-EAU line, affecting RNH and EAU. These ceilings should break up west to east Tuesday morning, yielding VFR areawide by the end of the period. KMSP...Broken line of TS is present west of MSP at issuance time with this expected to affect airspace around the terminal over the next 2 hours, with the window for greatest impacts likely focusing on 1830-1930 UTC. After these thunderstorms depart to the east, will monitor likely redevelopment later this afternoon and evening with potential for a line of TS sweeping eastward. Timing remains stubbornly uncertain so have elected to cover this later potential with a TEMPO group covering several hours. If timing becomes more certain may convert to definite mentions. MVFR ceilings may return after 06z Tuesday but these will likely remain to the northeast so have omitted them. /OUTLOOK FOR KMSP/ TUE...VFR/MVFR slgt chc IFR/-TSRA. Wind NW 5-10kts. WED...MVFR/-SHRA chc IFR/-TSRA. Wind N 5-10kts. THU...VFR, slgt chc MVFR/-TSRA. Wind W 5-10kts. && .MPX WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES... MN...None. WI...None. && DISCUSSION...WFO MPX AVIATION...WFO MPX
Hazardous weather outlook, Jun 16, 3:04 PM CDT, 2 hours 16 minutes before
Hazardous Weather Outlook National Weather Service Twin Cities/Chanhassen MN Issued by National Weather Service La Crosse WI 304 PM CDT Mon Jun 16 2025 MNZ041>045-047>070-073>078-082>085-091>093-WIZ014>016-023>028- 172015- Douglas-Todd-Morrison-Mille Lacs-Kanabec-Stevens-Pope-Stearns- Benton-Sherburne-Isanti-Chisago-Lac Qui Parle-Swift-Chippewa- Kandiyohi-Meeker-Wright-Hennepin-Anoka-Ramsey-Washington- Yellow Medicine-Renville-McLeod-Sibley-Carver-Scott-Dakota- Redwood-Brown-Nicollet-Le Sueur-Rice-Goodhue-Watonwan-Blue Earth- Waseca-Steele-Martin-Faribault-Freeborn-Polk-Barron-Rusk- St. Croix-Pierce-Dunn-Pepin-Eau Claire- 304 PM CDT Mon Jun 16 2025 This Hazardous Weather Outlook is for portions of central and southern Minnesota, and west central Wisconsin. .DAY ONE...Tonight. Showers and thunderstorms are expected this afternoon with strong to severe storms possible. Large hail, damaging winds, tornadoes, and localized areas of heavy rainfall are possible. .DAYS TWO THROUGH SEVEN...Tuesday through Sunday. Multiple rounds of thunderstorms are expected Tuesday through Wednesday. This will result in additional chances for strong to severe storms and heavy rainfall. .SPOTTER INFORMATION STATEMENT... SKYWARN spotter activation will likely be needed. JAW
In the hours before
Special weather statement, Jun 16, 3:26 PM CDT, 1 hour 54 minutes before
Special Weather Statement
National Weather Service Twin Cities/Chanhassen MN
Issued by National Weather Service Denver CO
326 PM CDT Mon Jun 16 2025
MNZ063-070-078-WIZ023-024-162100-
St. Croix WI-Pierce WI-Dakota MN-Goodhue MN-Washington MN-
326 PM CDT Mon Jun 16 2025
...A STRONG THUNDERSTORM WILL IMPACT NORTH CENTRAL GOODHUE...
SOUTHERN WASHINGTON...WESTERN PIERCE...NORTHEASTERN DAKOTA AND
SOUTHWESTERN ST. CROIX COUNTIES UNTIL 4 PM CDT...
At 326 PM CDT, Doppler radar was tracking a strong thunderstorm near
Woodbury, or 12 miles southeast of St. Paul, moving southeast at 35
mph.
HAZARD...Wind gusts up to 50 mph.
SOURCE...Radar indicated.
IMPACT...Gusty winds could knock down tree limbs and blow around
unsecured objects.
Locations impacted include...
River Falls, Woodbury, Cottage Grove, Inver Grove Heights,
Oakdale, Hastings, Rosemount, South St. Paul, Hudson, Lake Elmo,
St. Paul Park, Prescott, Ellsworth, Afton, Newport, Lakeland,
Diamond Bluff, Lakeland Shores, Kinnickinnic State Park and Afton
State Park.
PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...
Monitor the weather situation closely and be alert for threatening
weather conditions.
Torrential rainfall is also occurring with this storm and may lead
to flash flooding. Do not drive your vehicle through flooded
roadways.
&&
LAT...LON 4477 9307 4490 9304 4489 9302 4489 9298
4494 9298 4501 9286 4488 9239 4457 9262
TIME...MOT...LOC 2026Z 295DEG 29KT 4487 9288
MAX HAIL SIZE...0.00 IN
MAX WIND GUST...50 MPH
DanielsonLocal storm report, Jun 16, 3:32 PM CDT, 1 hour 48 minutes before
Preliminary Local Storm Report
National Weather Service Twin Cities/Chanhassen MN
332 PM CDT Mon Jun 16 2025
..TIME... ...EVENT... ...CITY LOCATION... ...LAT.LON...
..DATE... ....MAG.... ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
..REMARKS..
1202 PM Tstm Wnd Dmg 2 NNE Waite Park 45.58N 94.21W
06/16/2025 Stearns MN Dept of Highways
Photos of tree down causing structural
damage to MnDOT facility. One photo showed a
garage bay door blown inward. Time estimated
via radar.
&&
RMDLocal storm report, Jun 16, 4:17 PM CDT, 1 hour 3 minutes before
Preliminary Local Storm Report
National Weather Service Twin Cities/Chanhassen MN
417 PM CDT Mon Jun 16 2025
..TIME... ...EVENT... ...CITY LOCATION... ...LAT.LON...
..DATE... ....MAG.... ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
..REMARKS..
0324 PM Flood 3 SSW Minneapolis 44.94N 93.29W
06/16/2025 Hennepin MN Public
Photo provided on social media of standing
water up to the bottom of multiple cars
parked along street. Time estimated via
radar.
&&
RMDLocal storm report, Jun 16, 5:01 PM CDT, 19 minutes before
Preliminary Local Storm Report
National Weather Service Twin Cities/Chanhassen MN
501 PM CDT Mon Jun 16 2025
..TIME... ...EVENT... ...CITY LOCATION... ...LAT.LON...
..DATE... ....MAG.... ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
..REMARKS..
0458 PM Funnel Cloud 1 WSW Watkins 45.31N 94.43W
06/16/2025 Meeker MN Storm Chaser
Funnel cloud was reported via storm chaser.
&&
RMDLocal storm report, Jun 16, 5:11 PM CDT, 9 minutes before
Preliminary Local Storm Report
National Weather Service Twin Cities/Chanhassen MN
511 PM CDT Mon Jun 16 2025
..TIME... ...EVENT... ...CITY LOCATION... ...LAT.LON...
..DATE... ....MAG.... ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
..REMARKS..
0341 PM Tornado 2 SSW Bertha 46.24N 95.08W
06/16/2025 Todd MN Law Enforcement
Law enforcement dispatch reported roof blown
off of barn near Bertha.
&&
RMDLocal storm report, Jun 16, 5:15 PM CDT, 5 minutes before
Preliminary Local Storm Report
National Weather Service Twin Cities/Chanhassen MN
515 PM CDT Mon Jun 16 2025
..TIME... ...EVENT... ...CITY LOCATION... ...LAT.LON...
..DATE... ....MAG.... ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
..REMARKS..
0510 PM Hail Ladysmith 45.46N 91.09W
06/16/2025 M0.75 Inch Rusk WI Public
&&
RMDThe office that day
Everything else NWS Twin Cities, MN issued on the same UTC day.
| Issued | Product | Office | Counties | Lasted |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jun 15, 7:26 PM CDT | Special Weather Statement | MPX | Faribault | 49 min |
| Jun 15, 8:55 PM CDT | River Flood Warning | MPX | Redwood, Renville | 6 days |
| Jun 15, 8:55 PM CDT | River Flood Warning | MPX | Carver | 7 days |
| Jun 16, 5:42 AM CDT | Special Weather Statement | MPX | Freeborn | 63 min |
| Jun 16, 7:00 AM CDT | Areal Flood Advisory | MPX | Faribault, Freeborn | 3 hr |
| Jun 16, 7:14 AM CDT | Special Weather Statement | MPX | Freeborn | 31 min |
| Jun 16, 7:41 AM CDT | Special Weather Statement | MPX | Swift | 34 min |
| Jun 16, 9:01 AM CDT | Special Weather Statement | MPX | Kandiyohi | 29 min |
| Jun 16, 9:39 AM CDT | Special Weather Statement | MPX | Blue Earth, Faribault, Waseca | 36 min |
| Jun 16, 9:56 AM CDT | Special Weather Statement | MPX | Rice | 34 min |
| Jun 16, 10:28 AM CDT | Special Weather Statement | MPX | Wright | 32 min |
| Jun 16, 11:14 AM CDT | Areal Flood Warning | MPX | Faribault, Freeborn | 12 hr |
| Jun 16, 11:49 AM CDT | Special Weather Statement | MPX | Stearns | 26 min |
| Jun 16, 11:57 AM CDT | Special Weather Statement | MPX | Morrison | 33 min |
| Jun 16, 12:27 PM CDT | Special Weather Statement | MPX | Stearns | 33 min |
| Jun 16, 12:57 PM CDT | Special Weather Statement | MPX | Benton | 33 min |
| Jun 16, 1:04 PM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | MPX | Carver, Hennepin, Scott | 26 min |
| Jun 16, 1:26 PM CDT | Special Weather Statement | MPX | Sherburne, Wright | 34 min |
| Jun 16, 2:01 PM CDT | Special Weather Statement | MPX | Hennepin | 29 min |
| Jun 16, 2:30 PM CDT | Special Weather Statement | MPX | Hennepin | 30 min |
| Jun 16, 2:55 PM CDT | Special Weather Statement | MPX | Ramsey | 35 min |
| Jun 16, 3:42 PM CDT | Tornado Warning | MPX | Todd | 33 min |
| Jun 16, 4:06 PM CDT | Tornado Warning | MPX | Todd | 24 min |
| Jun 16, 4:54 PM CDT | Tornado Warning | MPX | Meeker, Stearns | 36 min |
| Jun 16, 5:27 PM CDT | Tornado Warning | MPX | Meeker, Wright | 33 min |
| Jun 16, 5:32 PM CDT | Tornado Warning | MPX | Meeker, Wright | 28 min |
| Jun 16, 5:56 PM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | MPX | Kanabec, Mille Lacs, Morrison | 49 min |
| Jun 16, 5:57 PM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | MPX | Carver, Hennepin, McLeod, Wright | 48 min |
| Jun 16, 5:58 PM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | MPX | Hennepin, Sherburne, Wright | 13 min |
| Jun 16, 6:02 PM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | MPX | Carver, McLeod | 43 min |
| Jun 16, 6:05 PM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | MPX | Brown, Nicollet, Sibley | 55 min |
| Jun 16, 6:27 PM CDT | Tornado Warning | MPX | Nicollet | 48 min |
| Jun 16, 6:28 PM CDT | Tornado Warning | MPX | Carver, McLeod | 32 min |
| Jun 16, 6:40 PM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | MPX | Benton, Isanti, Kanabec, Mille Lacs | 50 min |
| Jun 16, 6:52 PM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | MPX | Carver, Hennepin, Scott | 38 min |
| Jun 16, 6:53 PM CDT | Tornado Warning | MPX | Nicollet | 22 min |
| Jun 16, 6:58 PM CDT | Tornado Warning | MPX | Carver | 17 min |
Nearby
Severe Thunderstorm Warnings in Minnesota, 2025Every severe thunderstorm warning in 2025
Sources
The product and its follow-ups from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service and Storm Prediction Center text; local storm reports from the same archive; the sounding from the Mesonet's radiosonde archive; radar from the NEXRAD Level II archive.