Alert archive / Georgia / River Flood Warnings in 2024

River Flood Warning 1, NWS Atlanta, GA

January 9, 2024Forsyth County, Fulton County, Georgia

NWS Atlanta, GA issued this river flood warning at Jan 9, 2024, 7:15 AM EST for Forsyth County, Fulton County, Georgia. It took effect at Jan 9, 2024, 8:56 AM EST. It was in force for 45 hr.

The area

The outline as issued.

The facts

Issued
Jan 9, 2024, 7:15 AM EST (12:15 UTC)
In effect from
Jan 9, 2024, 8:56 AM EST
Expired
Jan 11, 2024, 5:27 AM EST
In force
45 hr
Issued by
NWS Atlanta, GA
Area
Storm-based polygon
Flood severity
Minor

Counties Forsyth County, GA, Fulton County, GA

The radar

The Atlanta radar (KFFC), 83 km from the middle of the area, began a volume at 12:17 UTC, the scan nearest the moment this went out.

Open the radar archive at this moment

The archived warnings, watches and discussions in force at that minute are drawn over the scan, this one among them.

The river

Written for the forecast point Big Creek near Alpharetta (APHG1).

Action stage
6 ft
Minor stage
7 ft
Moderate stage
11 ft
Major stage
13 ft

This gauge today: stage, forecast and historic crests

Stage from the USGS instantaneous record for site 02335700, one reading an hour, from a day before the product to a day after it ended. Flood stages are today's.

The text

As transmitted.

514 
WGUS42 KFFC 091215
FLWFFC

BULLETIN - IMMEDIATE BROADCAST REQUESTED
Flood Warning
National Weather Service Peachtree City GA
715 AM EST Tue Jan 9 2024

...The National Weather Service in Peachtree City GA has issued a 
Flood Warning for the following rivers in Georgia...

  Big Creek near Alpharetta affecting Fulton and Forsyth Counties.

For the Big Creek...including Cumming, Alpharetta, Roswell...Minor 
flooding is forecast.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

Turn around, don't drown when encountering flooded roads. Most flood 
deaths occur in vehicles.

Additional information is available at weather.gov/atlanta.

The next statement will be issued this evening at 715 PM EST.

&&

GAC117-121-100015-
/O.NEW.KFFC.FL.W.0001.240109T1356Z-240111T2222Z/
/APHG1.1.ER.240109T1356Z.240111T0000Z.240111T1621Z.NO/
715 AM EST Tue Jan 9 2024

...FLOOD WARNING IN EFFECT UNTIL THURSDAY AFTERNOON...

* WHAT...Minor flooding is forecast to occur.

* WHERE...Big Creek near Alpharetta.

* WHEN...Until Thursday afternoon.

* IMPACTS...At 10 feet, Minor flooding expands along the creek from 
  near Cumming to Alpharetta and Roswell. Backyards of homes off 
  Seale Drive and Gunter Court and portions of the Golf of Georgia 
  are under a foot of water. The Big Creek Greenway experiences 
  significant flooding up to 4 feet deep with closure of the paths. 
  This especially occurs upstream and downstream from the gage on 
  Kimball Bridge Road and Rock Mill Park. A large portion of the 
  YMCA Campground off Preston Ridge Road will be under a two feet of 
  water.

* ADDITIONAL DETAILS...
  - At 7:00 AM EST Tuesday the stage was 6.5 feet.
  - Forecast...The river is expected to rise above flood stage
    this morning to a crest of 10.1 feet tomorrow evening. It
    will then fall below flood stage late Thursday morning.
  - Flood stage is 7 feet.


&&

LAT...LON 3410 8425 3410 8420 3404 8425 3402 8430
      3404 8433 3407 8427


$$
5 follow-up statements
924 
WGUS82 KFFC 092320
FLSFFC

Flood Statement
National Weather Service Peachtree City GA
620 PM EST Tue Jan 9 2024

...The Flood Warning is extended for the following rivers in 
Georgia...

  Big Creek near Alpharetta affecting Fulton and Forsyth Counties.

For the Big Creek...including Alpharetta...Minor flooding is 
forecast.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

Turn around, don't drown when encountering flooded roads. Most flood 
deaths occur in vehicles.

Additional information is available at weather.gov/atlanta.

The next statement will be issued Wednesday morning at 630 AM EST.

&&

GAC117-121-101130-
/O.EXT.KFFC.FL.W.0001.000000T0000Z-240112T0218Z/
/APHG1.1.ER.240109T1248Z.240111T0000Z.240111T2018Z.NO/
620 PM EST Tue Jan 9 2024

...FLOOD WARNING NOW IN EFFECT UNTIL LATE THURSDAY EVENING...

* WHAT...Minor flooding is occurring and minor flooding is forecast.

* WHERE...Big Creek near Alpharetta.

* WHEN...Until late Thursday evening.

* IMPACTS...At 10.0 feet, Minor flooding expands along the creek 
  from near Cumming to Alpharetta and Roswell. Backyards of homes 
  off Seale Drive and Gunter Court and portions of the Golf of 
  Georgia are under a foot of water. The Big Creek Greenway 
  experiences significant flooding up to 4 feet deep with closure of 
  the paths. This especially occurs upstream and downstream from the 
  gage on Kimball Bridge Road and Rock Mill Park. A large portion of 
  the YMCA Campground off Preston Ridge Road will be under a two 
  feet of water.

* ADDITIONAL DETAILS...
  - At 6:00 PM EST Tuesday the stage was 9.3 feet.
  - Recent Activity...The maximum river stage in the 24 hours
    ending at 6:00 PM EST Tuesday was 9.3 feet.
  - Forecast...The river is expected to rise to a crest of 10.1
    feet tomorrow evening. It will then fall below flood stage
    Thursday afternoon.
  - Flood stage is 7.0 feet.
  - Flood History...This crest compares to a previous crest of
    10.1 feet on 09/13/1988.
  - http://www.weather.gov/safety/flood

&&

LAT...LON 3410 8425 3410 8420 3404 8425 3402 8430
      3404 8433 3407 8427


$$
131 
WGUS82 KFFC 101026
FLSFFC

Flood Statement
National Weather Service Peachtree City GA
526 AM EST Wed Jan 10 2024

...The Flood Warning continues for the following rivers in Georgia...

  Big Creek near Alpharetta affecting Forsyth and Fulton Counties.

For the Big Creek...including Cumming, Alpharetta, Roswell...Minor 
flooding is forecast.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

Turn around, don't drown when encountering flooded roads. Most flood 
deaths occur in vehicles.

Additional information is available at weather.gov/atlanta.

The next statement will be issued at 300 PM EST.this afternoon at 
530 PM EST.

&&

GAC117-121-102230-
/O.EXT.KFFC.FL.W.0001.000000T0000Z-240112T0000Z/
/APHG1.1.ER.240109T1248Z.240110T1800Z.240111T1800Z.NO/
526 AM EST Wed Jan 10 2024

...FLOOD WARNING NOW IN EFFECT UNTIL TOMORROW EVENING...

* WHAT...Minor flooding is occurring and minor flooding is forecast.

* WHERE...Big Creek near Alpharetta.

* WHEN...Until tomorrow evening.

* IMPACTS...At 10.0 feet, Minor flooding expands along the creek 
  from near Cumming to Alpharetta and Roswell. Backyards of homes 
  off Seale Drive and Gunter Court and portions of the Golf of 
  Georgia are under a foot of water. The Big Creek Greenway 
  experiences significant flooding up to 4 feet deep with closure of 
  the paths. This especially occurs upstream and downstream from the 
  gage on Kimball Bridge Road and Rock Mill Park. A large portion of 
  the YMCA Campground off Preston Ridge Road will be under a two 
  feet of water.

* ADDITIONAL DETAILS...
  - At 5:00 AM EST Wednesday the stage was 10.0 feet.
  - Recent Activity...The maximum river stage in the 24 hours
    ending at 5:00 AM EST Wednesday was 10.0 feet.
  - Forecast...The river is expected to rise to a crest of 10.5
    feet this afternoon. It will then fall below flood stage
    early tomorrow afternoon.
  - Flood stage is 7.0 feet.
  - Flood History...This crest compares to a previous crest of
    10.5 feet on 03/01/1987.
  - http://www.weather.gov/safety/flood

&&

LAT...LON 3410 8425 3410 8420 3404 8425 3402 8430
      3404 8433 3407 8427


$$

SEC
938 
WGUS82 KFFC 101556
FLSFFC

Flood Statement
National Weather Service Peachtree City GA
1056 AM EST Wed Jan 10 2024

...The Flood Warning continues for the following rivers in Georgia...

  Big Creek near Alpharetta affecting Forsyth and Fulton Counties.

For the Big Creek...including Cumming, Alpharetta, Roswell...Minor 
flooding is forecast.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

Turn around, don't drown when encountering flooded roads. Most flood 
deaths occur in vehicles.

Additional information is available at weather.gov/atlanta.

The next statement will be issued this evening at 1100 PM EST.

&&

GAC117-121-110400-
/O.EXT.KFFC.FL.W.0001.000000T0000Z-240111T2312Z/
/APHG1.1.ER.240109T1248Z.240110T1800Z.240111T1712Z.NO/
1056 AM EST Wed Jan 10 2024

...FLOOD WARNING NOW IN EFFECT UNTIL TOMORROW EVENING...

* WHAT...Minor flooding is occurring and minor flooding is forecast.

* WHERE...Big Creek near Alpharetta.

* WHEN...Until tomorrow evening.

* IMPACTS...At 10.0 feet, Minor flooding expands along the creek 
  from near Cumming to Alpharetta and Roswell. Backyards of homes 
  off Seale Drive and Gunter Court and portions of the Golf of 
  Georgia are under a foot of water. The Big Creek Greenway 
  experiences significant flooding up to 4 feet deep with closure of 
  the paths. This especially occurs upstream and downstream from the 
  gage on Kimball Bridge Road and Rock Mill Park. A large portion of 
  the YMCA Campground off Preston Ridge Road will be under a two 
  feet of water.

* ADDITIONAL DETAILS...
  - At 10:45 AM EST Wednesday the stage was 10.2 feet.
  - Recent Activity...The maximum river stage in the 24 hours
    ending at 10:45 AM EST Wednesday was 10.2 feet.
  - Forecast...The river is expected to rise to a crest of 10.4
    feet this afternoon. It will then fall below flood stage
    early tomorrow afternoon.
  - Flood stage is 7.0 feet.
  - Flood History...This crest compares to a previous crest of
    10.4 feet on 02/17/1995.
  - http://www.weather.gov/safety/flood

&&

LAT...LON 3410 8425 3410 8420 3404 8425 3402 8430
      3404 8433 3407 8427


$$
462 
WGUS82 KFFC 110247
FLSFFC

Flood Statement
National Weather Service Peachtree City GA
947 PM EST Wed Jan 10 2024

...The Flood Warning continues for the following rivers in Georgia...

  Big Creek near Alpharetta affecting Fulton and Forsyth Counties.

  Sweetwater Creek near Austell affecting Douglas and Cobb Counties.

  Flint River at US 19 near Carsonville affecting Taylor, Talbot, 
  Crawford and Upson Counties.

  Flint River near Griffin affecting Spalding and Fayette Counties.

...The Flood Warning is extended for the following rivers in 
Georgia...Alabama...

  Chattahoochee River at 14th Street at Columbus affecting Lee, 
  Russell, Muscogee and Chattahoochee Counties.

For the Big Creek...including Cumming, Alpharetta, Roswell...Minor 
flooding is forecast.
For the Chattahoochee River Basin...including Helen, Dahlonega, 
Cornelia, Suwanee, Buford, Suwanee, Buford, Chattahoochee River 
upstream McGinnis Ferry Rd, Norcross, Chattahoochee River above 
Roswell, Roswell, Powers Ferry & I285 Atlanta, Smyrna, Chattahoochee 
River below Morgan Falls Dam, Atlanta, Atlanta, Atlanta, Atlanta, 
Fairplay, Fairburn, Whitesburg, Whitesburg, Whitesburg, Franklin, 
Corinth, Hammett Rd below Hogansville, Franklin, West Point, 
Columbus, Union, Omaha...Minor flooding is forecast.
For the Sweetwater Creek...including Powder Springs, Powder Springs, 
Powder Springs, Austell, Austell, Austell, Sweetwater Creek below 
Austell...Minor flooding is forecast.
For the Flint River Basin...including Peachtree City, Fayetteville, 
Peachtree City, Lovejoy, Americus, Woolsey, Sharpsburg, Peachtree 
City, Peachtree City, Senoia, Griffin, Orchard Hill, Griffin, 
Molena, Thomaston, Carsonville, Montezuma, Byromville...Minor 
flooding is forecast.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

Turn around, don't drown when encountering flooded roads. Most flood 
deaths occur in vehicles.

Motorists should not attempt to drive around barricades or drive 
cars through flooded areas.

Additional information is available at weather.gov/atlanta.

The next statement will be issued Thursday morning at 1000 AM EST 
/900 AM CST/.

&&

ALC081-113-GAC053-215-111500-
/O.EXT.KFFC.FL.W.0059.000000T0000Z-240112T1200Z/
/CBUG1.1.ER.240109T1638Z.240111T0600Z.240112T0600Z.NO/
947 PM EST Wed Jan 10 2024 /847 PM CST Wed Jan 10 2024/

...FLOOD WARNING NOW IN EFFECT UNTIL FRIDAY MORNING...

* WHAT...Minor flooding is occurring and minor flooding is forecast.

* WHERE...Chattahoochee River at 14th Street at Columbus.

* WHEN...Until Friday morning.

* IMPACTS...At 30 feet, Minor flooding continues along the river 
  upstream and downstream from the gage on the 14th Street bridge. 
  Large portions of the River Walk in Columbus will be flooded up to 
  3 feet deep. The water level reaches the top of the boat ramp 
  behind the Columbus Convention and Trade Center. The Phenix City 
  Amphitheater in Alabama will be flooded up to two feet deep. 
  Portions of the River Walk in Phenix City will begin to flood.

* ADDITIONAL DETAILS...
  - At 9:30 PM EST Wednesday /8:30 PM CST Wednesday/ the stage
    was 28.7 feet and rising.
  - Forecast...The river is expected to rise to a crest of 30.2
    feet just after midnight tonight. It will then fall below
    flood stage early Friday morning.
  - Flood stage is 27 feet.
  - http://www.weather.gov/safety/flood

&&

LAT...LON 3259 8511 3262 8505 3251 8496 3238 8495
      3238 8502 3250 8503


$$

GAC067-097-111500-
/O.EXT.KFFC.FL.W.0048.000000T0000Z-240112T0621Z/
/AUSG1.1.ER.240110T0715Z.240111T0600Z.240112T0021Z.NO/
947 PM EST Wed Jan 10 2024

...FLOOD WARNING NOW IN EFFECT UNTIL EARLY FRIDAY MORNING...

* WHAT...Minor flooding is occurring and minor flooding is forecast.

* WHERE...Sweetwater Creek near Austell.

* WHEN...Until early Friday morning.

* IMPACTS...At 12 feet, Minor flooding continues in the woodlands 
  and fields upstream and downstream from the gage near the 
  Interstate 20 bridge. Portions of a paintball playing field just 
  downstream of the bridge and athletic fields in the Woodrow Wilson 
  Park on Mount Vernon Road are flooded with one to two feet of 
  water. A portion of Wren Circle in Douglas County...the County 
  Iron Works and Sunlight Drive in Cobb County begin to flood.

* ADDITIONAL DETAILS...
  - At 9:30 PM EST Wednesday the stage was 11.8 feet and steady.
  - Forecast...The river is expected to rise to a crest of 12.1
    feet just after midnight tonight. It will then fall below
    flood stage tomorrow evening.Recent Activity...The maximum
    river stage in the 24 hours ending at 9:30 PM EST Wednesday
    was 11.8 feet.
  - Flood stage is 10 feet.
  - http://www.weather.gov/safety/flood

&&

LAT...LON 3379 8464 3385 8463 3380 8459 3374 8459
      3370 8463 3376 8466


$$

GAC079-263-269-293-111500-
/O.EXT.KFFC.FL.W.0045.000000T0000Z-240112T1200Z/
/CLUG1.1.ER.240110T0034Z.240110T0630Z.240112T0600Z.NO/
947 PM EST Wed Jan 10 2024

...FLOOD WARNING NOW IN EFFECT UNTIL FRIDAY MORNING...

* WHAT...Minor flooding is occurring and minor flooding is forecast.

* WHERE...Flint River at US 19 near Carsonville.

* WHEN...Until Friday morning.

* IMPACTS...At 20 feet, Minor flooding continues along the river in 
  the woodlands and fields upstream and downstream from the gage on 
  U.S. Highway 19. The flood waters will cover the boat ramp up to 
  two feet deep and cover a portion of the access road by the bridge 
  on the Taylor County side of the river.

* ADDITIONAL DETAILS...
  - At 8:45 PM EST Wednesday the stage was 19 feet and steady.
  - Forecast...The river is expected to rise to a crest of 19.1
    feet tomorrow morning. It will then fall below flood stage
    early Friday morning.
  - Flood stage is 18 feet.
  - http://www.weather.gov/safety/flood

&&

LAT...LON 3280 8430 3275 8421 3257 8398 3253 8405
      3265 8415 3276 8437


$$

GAC113-255-111500-
/O.EXT.KFFC.FL.W.0027.000000T0000Z-240112T0645Z/
/GRFG1.1.ER.240110T0016Z.240110T1415Z.240112T0045Z.NO/
947 PM EST Wed Jan 10 2024

...FLOOD WARNING NOW IN EFFECT UNTIL EARLY FRIDAY MORNING...

* WHAT...Minor flooding is occurring and minor flooding is forecast.

* WHERE...Flint River near Griffin.

* WHEN...Until early Friday morning.

* IMPACTS...At 13 feet, Minor flooding continues in the woodlands...
  fields and pasture upstream and downstream from the gage on 
  Georgia Highway 16 or Newnan Road. The backyards of homes at the 
  end of Landing Way upstream from the bridge will begin to flood.

* ADDITIONAL DETAILS...
  - At 8:45 PM EST Wednesday the stage was 12.8 feet and steady.
  - Forecast...The river is expected to rise to a crest of 13.0
    feet just after midnight tonight. It will then fall below
    flood stage tomorrow evening.
  - Flood stage is 12 feet.
  - http://www.weather.gov/safety/flood

&&

LAT...LON 3330 8444 3330 8437 3318 8445 3316 8447
      3322 8450


$$

GAC117-121-111500-
/O.EXT.KFFC.FL.W.0001.000000T0000Z-240111T1540Z/
/APHG1.1.ER.240109T1248Z.240110T1430Z.240111T0940Z.NO/
947 PM EST Wed Jan 10 2024

...FLOOD WARNING NOW IN EFFECT UNTIL LATE TOMORROW MORNING...

* WHAT...Minor flooding is occurring and minor flooding is forecast.

* WHERE...Big Creek near Alpharetta.

* WHEN...Until late tomorrow morning.

* IMPACTS...At 9 feet, Minor flooding expands along the creek from 
  near Cumming to Alpharetta and Roswell. Backyards of homes off 
  Seale Drive and Gunter Court and portions of the Golf of Georgia 
  begin to flood. The Big Creek Greenway experiences significant 
  flooding up to 3 feet deep...which results in closure of most of 
  the paths. This especially occurs upstream and downstream from the 
  gage on Kimball Bridge Road and Rock Mill Park. A large portion of 
  the YMCA Campground off Preston Ridge Road will be under a foot of 
  water.

* ADDITIONAL DETAILS...
  - At 9:30 PM EST Wednesday the stage was 8.9 feet and falling.
  - Forecast...The river is expected to fall below flood stage
    late tonight and continue falling to 3.1 feet Monday evening.
  - Flood stage is 7 feet.
  - http://www.weather.gov/safety/flood

&&

LAT...LON 3410 8425 3410 8420 3404 8425 3402 8430
      3404 8433 3407 8427


$$
117 
WGUS82 KFFC 111027
FLSFFC

Flood Statement
National Weather Service Peachtree City GA
527 AM EST Thu Jan 11 2024

...The Flood Warning is cancelled for the following rivers in 
Georgia...

  Big Creek near Alpharetta affecting Forsyth and Fulton Counties.

GAC117-121-111130-
/O.CAN.KFFC.FL.W.0001.000000T0000Z-240111T1027Z/
/APHG1.1.ER.240109T1248Z.240110T1430Z.240111T0930Z.NO/
527 AM EST Thu Jan 11 2024

...FLOOD WARNING IS CANCELLED...

The Flood Warning is cancelled for
  the Big Creek near Alpharetta.

* ADDITIONAL DETAILS...
  - At 5:15 AM EST Thursday the stage was 6.7 feet.
  - Forecast...The river is expected to fall to 3.1 feet Monday
    evening.
  - http://www.weather.gov/safety/flood

&&

LAT...LON 3410 8425 3410 8420 3404 8425 3402 8430
      3404 8433 3407 8427


$$

SEC

What forecasters said that day

The local office's own words before this river flood warning went out, as it sent them, from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service text.

NWS Atlanta, GA wrote its last area forecast discussion before this river flood warning went out at Jan 9, 6:47 AM EST, 28 minutes earlier.

Area forecast discussion, Jan 9, 6:47 AM EST, 28 minutes before
Area Forecast Discussion
National Weather Service Peachtree City GA
647 AM EST Tue Jan 9 2024

...New 12Z Aviation Discussion...

.SHORT TERM...
(Today through Wednesday)
Issued at 445 AM EST Tue Jan 9 2024

The main focus today will be on active weather associated with a
deep closed 500 mb low currently moving into the Ozarks. As this low
continues to move east-northeast, it is becoming negatively tilted
as a shortwave rotates around its southern extent, allowing it to
rapidly intensify. An occluded front is extending from the
associated surface low into the Lower Mississippi River Valley. At
the end of this occluded front is a triple point, from which a warm
front extends to the southeast into western Alabama and central
Georgia, and a cold front extends south to near the MS/AL state
line. Meanwhile, A strong surface high is positioned to the
northeast of the forecast area, just off the New England coast, with
a CAD wedge in place along the lee side of the Appalachians and
north Georgia.

As the low pressure system continues to lift to the northeast, the
warm front continues to advance northward through the forecast area.
Strong warm air advection driven by a powerful 80+ kt low-level jet
is overspreading the forecast area, which will bringing copious
moisture into the area, particularly in central Georgia, where
dewpoints will surge into the upper 50s to low 60s in central
Georgia by mid-morning. Widespread isentropic showers are also
ongoing in north Georgia to the north of the warm front.
Temperatures in the highest elevations in far northeast Georgia (and
within the wedge) may remain cool enough for a light rain/freezing
rain mix to be observed at elevations above 2500 ft over the next
couple of hours. However, with strong warm air advection and latent
heating processes already ongoing, additional ice accumulations will
be minimal and the chance for freezing rain should come to an end
entirely by sunrise.

The cold front will advance closer to the forecast area early this
morning, at which point things could get quite interesting with a
line of heavy showers and potentially strong thunderstorms moving
from west to east across the forecast area this morning and
afternoon. With the warm sector continuing to expand northward,
there should be enough instability in central Georgia and portions
of north Georgia to support surface based storms this morning into
the afternoon. Severe weather, heavy rain, and strong gradient winds
will all be possible in association with this system, which will be
discussed below:

1 - Severe Weather: A strong line of thunderstorms ahead of the cold
front will enter west Georgia this morning, advancing eastward
through the forecast area this morning and afternoon. The severe
weather potential will similarly spread from west to east with the
line of storms. As warm air advection continues to spread into
Georgia, the boundary of the wedge should retreat northward over the
next few hours. Warm fronts do not always fare well against the
wedge, but in this case, with such a strong low-level jet at 850 mb
overspreading the region, there is a greater likelihood than normal
in mixing out the wedge. This is important because it will dictate
how far north the warm sector is able to ultimately advance, and the
severe weather potential will be impacted by how much instability
will be present in the warm sector ahead of the advancing cold
front. As the jet sets up and warm front advances further north,
portions of east Georgia will have more time for the airmass to
destabilize. This is well-reflected in the SPC outlook, which
indicates the highest risk for severe weather today will be located
roughly  along and south of a line from Columbus to Macon to
Warrenton where destabilization and the ability to maintain
surface- based storms appears to be most likely. All that said, it
will not take much instability to see severe weather threats in
this low CAPE/high shear environment. The kinematics of this
system will be be quite robust with ample low-level and deep layer
shear, EBWD from 30-40+kt, and 0-1 km SRH from 200-400 m2/s2).
Severe thunderstorms that develop will be capable of producing
strong, damaging wind gusts, especially given the likelihood of
mixing down strong winds aloft. Given the very strong shear and
SRH values, a few QLCS tornadoes will also be possible within the
line, especially where storms are able to interact with the wedge
front and obtain rotating meso-vortices.

2 - Heavy Rain/Flooding: Precipitable water values are continuing to
increase this morning, and are expected to range from 1.5-1.7 inches
roughly along and south of I-20. These values, for context, are near
daily records for this time of the year. As such, the main line of
storms will have plenty of moisture to work with and be capable of
producing bursts of heavy rain as it moves through the forecast
area. A Flood Watch remains in effect in the areas north of the Fall
Line. Additional rainfall amounts of 2-3 inches are forecast with
the remaining isentropic showers and with the line of storms.
Furthermore, orographic enhancement on windward slopes could lead to
locally higher amounts in the mountains of far northeast Georgia,
where up to 4 additional inches will be possible. With efficient
rainfall rates, localized flash flooding will be possible,
especially in urban and low-lying areas. Moreover, numerous creeks
and streams across the area are forecast to reach minor flood stage,
with some potentially approaching moderate stage.

3 - High Winds: A very tight pressure gradient is present due to the
aforementioned surface high to the northeast and approaching low
pressure system. This will keep surface winds strong and boundary
layer well mixed. Sustained winds of 20-30 mph with gusts up to 40
mph will be likely through much of the day. The strong low level jet
at 850 mb early this morning will promote additional mixing of wind
gusts down to the surface, especially in higher elevations, where
wind gusts up to 50 mph will be possible this morning. Considering
heavy rainfall and thus wet soils in association with this system,
strong winds could bring down trees, which would lead to localized
power outages. As a result, a High Wind Warning is in effect for
Murray, Gilmer, Fannin, Union, Towns, White, Lumpkin, and Dawson
counties. Elsewhere in the forecast area, a Wind Advisory remains in
effect. Winds will begin to drop below advisory criteria by 7 PM
this evening in north and west Georgia, and by 1 AM on Wednesday in
central and east Georgia.

On the backside of the system tonight into early Tuesday morning,
there will be enough moisture in combination with near freezing
temperatures to see some scattered light snow showers across far
north Georgia and the western facing mountain slopes. Light snowfall
accumulations of about one-half inch will be possible, but no
impacts are expected. These snow showers are expected to diminish by
sunrise on Wednesday. Lingering mid-level moisture on the back side
of the system will keep skies mostly cloudy across the majority of
north Georgia and portions of central Georgia on Wednesday morning
and early afternoon. However, weather conditions will remain benign
during the daytime on Wednesday with no precipitation expected at
this time. Afternoon high temperatures will run about 3-5 degrees
below climatological normals, in the mid to upper 40s in north
Georgia and in the low to mid 50s in central Georgia.

King

&&

.LONG TERM...
(Wednesday night through Monday)
Issued at 445 AM EST Tue Jan 9 2024

Key Messages:

 - Another storm system will bring showers and thunderstorms to the
   area late Thursday night and Friday. Some thunderstorms may be
   strong.

Colder and drier air will continue to filter into the area Wednesday
night on the heels of the departing cold front and upper trough.
Most locations will drop to near or just below freezing Wednesday
night, with mid 20s across portions of the NE mountains. Warmer
temperatures are forecast for Thursday, with most locations reaching
into the mid to upper 50s and even some lower 60s across the S.

Another storm system will approach the area Thursday night, bringing
a chance of showers and thunderstorms. This system will lift NE on
Friday as a negatively tilted trough, reaching the Great Lakes by
Friday night. A 996 mb surface low is progged to be near Little Rock
by Friday morning. A large area of isentropic lift is forecast to
precede the low, with increasing MUCAPE and wind shear across most
of the forecast area. There will be another threat of severe weather
with this system during the day Friday, and the threat area looks to
be farther to the N than with today's system. GFS MUCAPE values are
forecast to reach near 1000 J/kg as effective shear increases to
over 40 knots in the Atlanta metro area. This will coincide maximum
daytime heating in the early afternoon, with surface temperatures
reaching over 60 degrees and dew points reaching the lower to mid
50s. The wedge/CAD is forecast to hang into NE GA during this time
period, but present indications are that it will be NE of the
Atlanta metro area. Storm total rainfall amounts with this system are
forecast to range from around a quarter inch S of Columbus to close
to an inch across N GA. Residents should continue to monitor the
latest forecast regarding this storm system.

A bit of snow will linger over the N mountains Friday night, but dry
weather is forecast to return on Saturday. Temperatures will be
rather cold over the weekend, with the potential of even colder
weather early next week. A weak southern stream storm system may
move along the Gulf Coast on Monday, bringing light rain amounts and
the chance for frozen precipitation across N GA. NBM low
temperatures Tuesday morning appeared to be too cold. Even though
this was at the tail end of the forecast period, opted to blend 2
parts operational NBM with 1 part NBM 90th percentile to bump low
temperatures up closer to MEX MOS guidance. /SEC

SEC

&&

.AVIATION...
(12Z TAFS)
Issued at 637 AM EST Tue Jan 9 2024

Precipitation continues to overspread north and central Georgia,
including all TAF sites, as the morning begins. Ceilings are
currently IFR across the majority of the forecast area.
Thunderstorms are also expected as the cold front advances through
the area. A TEMPO for TSRA is being carried from 12-15Z at the ATL
metro sites and CSG, and 13-17Z at AHN/MCN. Winds ahead of the
cold front will be E/SE 17-22 kts with gusts as high as 35 kts.
Winds will shift to SW after the cold front passes, after 15Z at
ATL, but winds behind the front will remain nearly as strong. Rain
chances will begin to diminish behind the front, with precip
coming to an end by 18-19Z at ATL. Ceilings will be slow to
improve today, only reaching MVFR around 19Z. Ceilings could
briefly improve to low VFR in the late afternoon, but will lower
back to MVFR after 00Z.

//ATL Confidence...12Z Update...
Medium to high confidence on all elements.

King

&&

.PRELIMINARY POINT TEMPS/POPS...
Athens          33  48  31  57 /  10   0   0   0
Atlanta         33  47  34  57 /  10   0   0   0
Blairsville     28  41  26  52 /  40   0   0   0
Cartersville    32  47  29  57 /  10   0   0   0
Columbus        35  51  33  60 /   0   0   0   0
Gainesville     32  44  32  54 /  20   0   0   0
Macon           35  52  31  60 /  10   0   0   0
Rome            33  48  31  57 /  20   0   0   0
Peachtree City  32  49  31  58 /  10   0   0   0
Vidalia         37  53  36  60 /  20   0   0   0

&&

.FFC WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES...
Flood Watch through this evening for GAZ001>009-011>016-019>025-
027-030>038-041>050-052>060-066>071-078-079.

Wind Advisory until 7 PM EST this evening for GAZ001>004-011>013-
019>023-030>034-041>045-052>055-066-067-078-079-089>091-102-103.

High Wind Warning until 1 PM EST this afternoon for GAZ005>009-
014>016.

Wind Advisory until 1 AM EST Wednesday for GAZ024-025-027-
035>039-046>051-056>062-068>076-080>086-092>098-104>113.

&&

SHORT TERM...King
LONG TERM....SEC
AVIATION...King
Hazardous weather outlook, Jan 9, 7:14 AM EST, 1 minute before
Hazardous Weather Outlook
National Weather Service Peachtree City GA
714 AM EST Tue Jan 9 2024

GAZ001>009-011>016-019>025-027-030>039-041>062-066>076-078>086-
089>098-102>113-101215-
Baldwin-Banks-Barrow-Bartow-Bibb-Bleckley-Butts-Carroll-Catoosa-
Chattahoochee-Chattooga-Cherokee-Clarke-Clayton-Cobb-Coweta-
Crawford-Crisp-Dade-Dawson-DeKalb-Dodge-Dooly-Douglas-Emanuel-
Fannin-Fayette-Floyd-Forsyth-Gilmer-Glascock-Gordon-Greene-
Gwinnett-Hall-Hancock-Haralson-Harris-Heard-Henry-Houston-Jackson-
Jasper-Jefferson-Johnson-Jones-Lamar-Laurens-Lumpkin-Macon-
Madison-Marion-Meriwether-Monroe-Montgomery-Morgan-Murray-
Muscogee-Newton-North Fulton-Oconee-Oglethorpe-Paulding-Peach-
Pickens-Pike-Polk-Pulaski-Putnam-Rockdale-Schley-South Fulton-
Spalding-Stewart-Sumter-Talbot-Taliaferro-Taylor-Telfair-Toombs-
Towns-Treutlen-Troup-Twiggs-Union-Upson-Walker-Walton-Warren-
Washington-Webster-Wheeler-White-Whitfield-Wilcox-Wilkes-
Wilkinson-
714 AM EST Tue Jan 9 2024

This Hazardous Weather Outlook is for portions of North and Central Georgia.

.DAY ONE...Today and Tonight...

A Tornado Watch has been issued for portions of central Georgia
until 2 PM.

A High Wind Warning is in effect for portions of Northeast Georgia
until 1 PM today for wind gusts over 50 mph. A Wind Advisory is in
effect for all other portions of the county warning area for wind
gusts to 45 mph. A Flood Watch is in effect through this evening for
areas north of the fall line due to storm total rainfall amounts of
2 to 4 inches. Locally higher amounts are possible, particularly
across the northeast mountains. Scattered thunderstorms are expected
across central Georgia, with severe storms and isolated tornadoes
possible mostly south of a Columbus to Macon line. Isolated
thunderstorms are possible elsewhere.

.DAYS TWO THROUGH SEVEN...Wednesday through Monday...

Another storm system is expected to bring thunderstorms to the
region again Friday. Some storms may become strong to severe.

.SPOTTER INFORMATION STATEMENT...

Spotter activation is not requested at this time, but spotters are
encouraged to submit reports of severe weather through the web by
going to weather.gov/atlanta. Please relay any information about
observed severe weather to the NWS.

In the hours before

Local storm report, Jan 9, 4:10 AM EST, 3 hours 5 minutes before
Preliminary Local Storm Report
National Weather Service Peachtree City GA
410 AM EST Tue Jan 9 2024

..TIME...   ...EVENT...      ...CITY LOCATION...     ...LAT.LON...
..DATE...   ....MAG....      ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

0305 AM     Non-Tstm Wnd Gst 4 N Conasauga Lake      34.92N 84.66W
01/09/2024  M52 MPH          Murray             GA   Mesonet

            RAWS station COHG1 4 N Conasauga Lake
            Station Elevation: 1724 ft.

&&

SN
Local storm report, Jan 9, 4:11 AM EST, 3 hours 4 minutes before
Preliminary Local Storm Report
National Weather Service Peachtree City GA
411 AM EST Tue Jan 9 2024

..TIME...   ...EVENT...      ...CITY LOCATION...     ...LAT.LON...
..DATE...   ....MAG....      ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

0315 AM     Non-Tstm Wnd Gst 3 SW Blairsville        34.85N 84.00W
01/09/2024  M48 MPH          Union              GA   AWOS

            AWOS station KDZJ Blairsville.

&&

SN
Local storm report, Jan 9, 4:43 AM EST, 2 hours 32 minutes before
Preliminary Local Storm Report
National Weather Service Peachtree City GA
443 AM EST Tue Jan 9 2024

..TIME...   ...EVENT...      ...CITY LOCATION...     ...LAT.LON...
..DATE...   ....MAG....      ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

0949 PM     Non-Tstm Wnd Gst Brasstown Bald          34.87N 83.81W
01/08/2024  M69 MPH          Towns              GA   Mesonet

            RAWS station BRBG1 Brasstown Bald Visitors
            Center Station Elevation: 4690 ft.

&&

SN
Local storm report, Jan 9, 5:19 AM EST, 1 hour 56 minutes before
Preliminary Local Storm Report
National Weather Service Peachtree City GA
519 AM EST Tue Jan 9 2024

..TIME...   ...EVENT...      ...CITY LOCATION...     ...LAT.LON...
..DATE...   ....MAG....      ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

0449 AM     Non-Tstm Wnd Gst Brasstown Bald          34.88N 83.81W
01/09/2024  M71 MPH          Towns              GA   Mesonet

            RAWS station BRBG1 Brasstown Bald Visitors
            Center Station Elevation: 4690 ft.

&&

SN
Special weather statement, Jan 9, 5:49 AM EST, 1 hour 26 minutes before
Special Weather Statement
National Weather Service Peachtree City GA
549 AM EST Tue Jan 9 2024

GAZ033-044-045-053>055-066-067-091145-
Fayette GA-North Fulton GA-Clayton GA-Coweta GA-DeKalb GA-Troup GA-
Meriwether GA-South Fulton GA-
549 AM EST Tue Jan 9 2024

...Strong thunderstorms will impact portions of southwestern DeKalb,
Fayette, Meriwether, eastern Troup, Coweta, Clayton and southwestern
Fulton Counties through 645 AM EST
...

At 549 AM EST, a line of strong thunderstorms was along a line
extending from Palmetto to Luthersville to near Baughs Crossroads,
and moving northeast at 55 mph.

HAZARD...Winds up to 40 mph and heavy rain.

SOURCE...Radar indicated.

IMPACT...Expect minor damage to tree limbs and blowing around of
         light, unsecured objects. Heavy rain may cause temporary
         street flooding especially in poor drainage areas.

Locations impacted include...
Atlanta, Newnan, LaGrange, Decatur, Fayetteville, Jonesboro,
Greenville, City of South Fulton, Peachtree City, East Point, Union
City, Forest Park, Riverdale, College Park, Fairburn, Clarkston,
Tyrone, Morrow, Hapeville, and Stone Mountain.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

People outdoors should seek shelter immediately. Motorists should
slow down and be prepared for possible loss of control due to
hydroplaning.

&&

LAT...LON 3322 8493 3361 8473 3383 8446 3385 8446
      3388 8426 3383 8414 3365 8425 3365 8428
      3363 8426 3325 8451 3286 8462 3287 8503
TIME...MOT...LOC 1049Z 224DEG 46KT 3353 8466 3321 8474 3289 8495

MAX HAIL SIZE...0.00 IN
MAX WIND GUST...40 MPH
Local storm report, Jan 9, 6:22 AM EST, 53 minutes before
Preliminary Local Storm Report
National Weather Service Peachtree City GA
622 AM EST Tue Jan 9 2024

..TIME...   ...EVENT...      ...CITY LOCATION...     ...LAT.LON...
..DATE...   ....MAG....      ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

0533 AM     Non-Tstm Wnd Gst Trenton                 34.87N 85.52W
01/09/2024  M50 MPH          Dade               GA   Mesonet

            GADOT RWIS station GA320 I-59 At GA-136
            Station Elevation: 764 ft.

&&

SN

The office that day

Everything else NWS Atlanta, GA issued on the same UTC day.

IssuedProductOfficeCountiesLasted
Jan 9, 5:49 AM ESTSpecial Weather StatementFFCClayton, Coweta, DeKalb, Fayette, Fulton, Meriwether56 min
Jan 9, 7:19 AM ESTSpecial Weather StatementFFCButts, Lamar, Pike, Spalding56 min
Jan 9, 7:21 AM ESTSpecial Weather StatementFFCHeard, Troup39 min
Jan 9, 7:29 AM ESTRiver Flood WarningFFCForsyth22 hr
Jan 9, 7:41 AM ESTRiver Flood WarningFFCGwinnett12 hr
Jan 9, 7:51 AM ESTRiver Flood WarningFFCChattooga27 hr
Jan 9, 7:52 AM ESTSpecial Weather StatementFFCCoweta, Meriwether, Troup23 min
Jan 9, 8:01 AM ESTAreal Flood WarningFFCCarroll, Clayton, Coweta, DeKalb, Douglas, Fayette and 9 more6 hr
Jan 9, 8:07 AM ESTSpecial Weather StatementFFCClayton23 min
Jan 9, 8:12 AM ESTTornado WarningFFCClayton, DeKalb, Fulton10 min
Jan 9, 8:19 AM ESTSevere Thunderstorm WarningFFCClayton, DeKalb, Fulton12 min
Jan 9, 8:25 AM ESTSpecial Weather StatementFFCClayton, Fayette35 min
Jan 9, 8:27 AM ESTSpecial Weather StatementFFCMuscogee, Talbot33 min
Jan 9, 8:37 AM ESTRiver Flood WarningFFCDeKalb, Rockdale36 hr
Jan 9, 8:39 AM ESTFlash Flood WarningFFCCoweta, Meriwether, Pike, Spalding, Upson6 hr
Jan 9, 8:39 AM ESTRiver Flood WarningFFCGwinnett5 hr
Jan 9, 8:43 AM ESTRiver Flood WarningFFCNewton, Rockdale53 hr
Jan 9, 8:46 AM ESTFlash Flood WarningFFCHenry, Newton, Rockdale, Spalding6 hr
Jan 9, 8:52 AM ESTSpecial Weather StatementFFCButts, Lamar, Pike, Upson38 min
Jan 9, 8:54 AM ESTSpecial Weather StatementFFCChattahoochee, Marion, Stewart36 min
Jan 9, 9:03 AM ESTSevere Thunderstorm WarningFFCChattahoochee, Marion, Schley, Stewart, Taylor, Webster42 min
Jan 9, 9:09 AM ESTSpecial Weather StatementFFCDooly, Sumter36 min
Jan 9, 9:13 AM ESTRiver Flood WarningFFCDeKalb5 hr
Jan 9, 9:24 AM ESTSpecial Weather StatementFFCButts, Jasper, Monroe36 min
Jan 9, 9:27 AM ESTAreal Flood WarningFFCChattahoochee, Harris, Marion, Muscogee, Talbot6 hr
Jan 9, 9:36 AM ESTRiver Flood WarningFFCDeKalb, Fulton6 hr
Jan 9, 9:38 AM ESTSevere Thunderstorm WarningFFCCrawford, Dooly, Houston, Macon, Peach, Schley and 3 more52 min
Jan 9, 9:43 AM ESTSpecial Weather StatementFFCClarke, Morgan, Oconee32 min
Jan 9, 9:53 AM ESTSpecial Weather StatementFFCBaldwin, Jasper, Jones, Putnam37 min
Jan 9, 9:59 AM ESTSpecial Weather StatementFFCBibb, Jones31 min
Jan 9, 10:03 AM ESTAreal Flood WarningFFCButts, Crawford, Henry, Jasper, Lamar, Meriwether and 7 more6 hr
Jan 9, 10:08 AM ESTSpecial Weather StatementFFCHouston, Twiggs37 min
Jan 9, 10:09 AM ESTSpecial Weather StatementFFCGreene, Oglethorpe36 min
Jan 9, 10:11 AM ESTSpecial Weather StatementFFCMadison34 min
Jan 9, 10:14 AM ESTRiver Flood WarningFFCGwinnett, Walton11 hr
Jan 9, 10:16 AM ESTSpecial Weather StatementFFCCrisp, Wilcox29 min
Jan 9, 10:17 AM ESTSevere Thunderstorm WarningFFCBaldwin, Bibb, Houston, Twiggs, Washington, Wilkinson43 min
Jan 9, 10:25 AM ESTRiver Flood WarningFFCCobb3 hr
Jan 9, 10:29 AM ESTSpecial Weather StatementFFCBaldwin, Hancock, Taliaferro31 min
Jan 9, 10:30 AM ESTSevere Thunderstorm WarningFFCBleckley, Crisp, Dooly, Houston, Laurens, Peach and 4 more45 min
Jan 9, 10:32 AM ESTRiver Flood WarningFFCGwinnett4 hr
Jan 9, 10:39 AM ESTSpecial Weather StatementFFCBaldwin36 min
Jan 9, 10:40 AM ESTRiver Flood WarningFFCGwinnett6 hr
Jan 9, 10:44 AM ESTRiver Flood WarningFFCCobb4 hr
Jan 9, 10:44 AM ESTSpecial Weather StatementFFCTaliaferro, Warren, Wilkes31 min
Jan 9, 10:48 AM ESTAreal Flood WarningFFCBanks, Barrow, Clarke, Dawson, Forsyth, Greene and 11 more3 hr
Jan 9, 10:56 AM ESTSevere Thunderstorm WarningFFCCrisp, Wilcox49 min
Jan 9, 10:57 AM ESTRiver Flood WarningFFCDade10 hr
Jan 9, 11:00 AM ESTSevere Thunderstorm WarningFFCBaldwin, Glascock, Hancock, Johnson, Laurens, Twiggs and 2 more45 min
Jan 9, 11:02 AM ESTSpecial Weather StatementFFCHancock28 min
Jan 9, 11:03 AM ESTSpecial Weather StatementFFCHancock, Taliaferro, Warren27 min
Jan 9, 11:19 AM ESTSevere Thunderstorm WarningFFCBleckley, Dodge, Houston, Laurens, Pulaski, Twiggs41 min
Jan 9, 11:25 AM ESTRiver Flood WarningFFCCherokee, Cobb7 hr
Jan 9, 11:29 AM ESTRiver Flood WarningFFCRockdale3 hr
Jan 9, 11:34 AM ESTRiver Flood WarningFFCDawson, Forsyth17 hr
Jan 9, 11:37 AM ESTSevere Thunderstorm WarningFFCDodge, Telfair, Wilcox38 min
Jan 9, 11:39 AM ESTAreal Flood WarningFFCBaldwin, Bibb, Bleckley, Crawford, Dooly, Hancock and 10 more3 hr
Jan 9, 11:39 AM ESTRiver Flood WarningFFCBanks9 hr
Jan 9, 11:43 AM ESTRiver Flood WarningFFCGwinnett23 hr
Jan 9, 11:43 AM ESTSevere Thunderstorm WarningFFCBaldwin, Johnson, Laurens, Twiggs, Washington, Wilkinson47 min
Jan 9, 11:48 AM ESTRiver Flood WarningFFCChattahoochee, Muscogee18 hr
Jan 9, 11:48 AM ESTSevere Thunderstorm WarningFFCGlascock, Hancock, Taliaferro, Warren, Wilkes42 min
Jan 9, 11:53 AM ESTSevere Thunderstorm WarningFFCBleckley, Dodge, Laurens37 min
Jan 9, 12:07 PM ESTRiver Flood WarningFFCLamar, Spalding4 hr
Jan 9, 12:07 PM ESTSevere Thunderstorm WarningFFCDodge, Montgomery, Telfair, Wheeler38 min
Jan 9, 12:10 PM ESTSevere Thunderstorm WarningFFCEmanuel, Johnson, Laurens, Montgomery, Toombs, Treutlen and 1 more50 min
Jan 9, 12:13 PM ESTSevere Thunderstorm WarningFFCEmanuel, Glascock, Jefferson, Johnson, Laurens, Washington47 min
Jan 9, 12:31 PM ESTRiver Flood WarningFFCFulton6 hr
Jan 9, 12:38 PM ESTSevere Thunderstorm WarningFFCEmanuel, Johnson, Laurens, Montgomery, Telfair, Toombs and 2 more52 min
Jan 9, 12:53 PM ESTSevere Thunderstorm WarningFFCEmanuel22 min
Jan 9, 1:09 PM ESTRiver Flood WarningFFCBarrow, Jackson45 hr
Jan 9, 1:13 PM ESTRiver Flood WarningFFCCobb14 hr
Jan 9, 1:37 PM ESTRiver Flood WarningFFCCobb, Fulton34 hr
Jan 9, 1:43 PM ESTRiver Flood WarningFFCFayette, Spalding59 hr
Jan 9, 1:54 PM ESTRiver Flood WarningFFCCobb, Fulton21 days
Jan 9, 1:58 PM ESTRiver Flood WarningFFCSpalding119 min
Jan 9, 2:26 PM ESTRiver Flood WarningFFCCobb, Fulton29 hr
Jan 9, 2:28 PM ESTRiver Flood WarningFFCBibb, Houston, Jones, Monroe, Twiggs5 days
Jan 9, 2:30 PM ESTRiver Flood WarningFFCBaldwin, Washington, Wilkinson54 hr
Jan 9, 2:42 PM ESTRiver Flood WarningFFCElbert, Madison, Oglethorpe45 hr

Nearby

River Flood Warnings in Georgia, 2024Every river flood warning in 2024

Sources

The product and its follow-ups from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service and Storm Prediction Center text; radar from the NEXRAD Level II archive; the gauge from the NWS water service and the USGS.