Alert archive / Arkansas / Mesoscale Discussions in 2021

Mesoscale Discussion 1863

October 15, 20216 states

The Storm Prediction Center issued this mesoscale discussion at Oct 15, 2021, 11:14 AM CDT for 6 states. It was in force for 3 hr.

The area

The outline as issued.

The facts

Issued
Oct 15, 2021, 11:14 AM CDT (16:14 UTC)
Expired
Oct 15, 2021, 1:45 PM CDT
In force
3 hr
Issued by
the Storm Prediction Center
Concerning
Severe potential...watch likely
Chance of a watch
80%
All 46 counties

Arkansas County, AR, Clay County, AR, Craighead County, AR, Crittenden County, AR, Cross County, AR, Faulkner County, AR, Grant County, AR, Greene County, AR, Jackson County, AR, Jefferson County, AR, Lee County, AR, Lonoke County, AR, Mississippi County, AR, Monroe County, AR, Phillips County, AR, Poinsett County, AR, Prairie County, AR, Pulaski County, AR, Saline County, AR, St. Francis County, AR, White County, AR, Woodruff County, AR, Alexander County, IL, Massac County, IL, Pulaski County, IL, Ballard County, KY, Carlisle County, KY, Fulton County, KY, Graves County, KY, Hickman County, KY, McCracken County, KY, Dunklin County, MO, Mississippi County, MO, New Madrid County, MO, Pemiscot County, MO, Scott County, MO, Stoddard County, MO, Coahoma County, MS, DeSoto County, MS, Tunica County, MS, Dyer County, TN, Lake County, TN, Lauderdale County, TN, Obion County, TN, Shelby County, TN, Tipton County, TN

The radar

The Memphis radar (KNQA), 94 km from the middle of the area, began a volume at 16:17 UTC, the scan nearest the moment this went out.

Open the radar archive at this moment

The archived warnings, watches and discussions in force at that minute are drawn over the scan, this one among them.

The watches that followed

Watches SPC issued over any of the same counties within four hours of this discussion.

The nearest sounding before it

Little Rock, AR (KLZK), launched 12:00Z, 4.2 hours before the alert went out and 116 km from the middle of its area. This is the routine balloon launch nearest before it, the air the forecaster had in hand, not a measurement taken for the alert.

Skew-T log-pSkew-T log-p diagram, Little Rock, AR at 12:00Z on 2021-10-15Temperature and dew point through the depth of the atmosphere, with the mixed-layer parcel. CAPE 567 joules per kilogram.LCLLFCEL10008507005003002001001 km2 km3 km6 km9 km12 km15 km-30°-20°-10°0°10°20°30°40°
Temperature in red, dew point in green, the mixed-layer parcel dashed.
HodographHodograph, Little Rock, AR at 12:00Z on 2021-10-15The wind through the lowest 10 kilometers. Zero to 1 km storm-relative helicity 69 square meters per square second.1939587897Sfc1 km3 km6 km9 kmRMLM
The wind turning with height, colored by layer: ground to 1 km, 1 to 3 km, 3 to 6 km, 6 to 10 km.
Mixed-layer CAPE
567 J/kg
Mixed-layer CIN
-16 J/kg
Mixed-layer LCL
671 m above ground
0-6 km bulk shear
47 kt
0-1 km storm-relative helicity
69 m²/s²
0-3 km storm-relative helicity
55 m²/s²
Significant tornado parameter
0.2
Supercell composite
1.5

Open this sounding in Storm Lab

The text

As transmitted.

959 
ACUS11 KWNS 151615
SWOMCD
SPC MCD 151614 
KYZ000-ILZ000-TNZ000-MOZ000-ARZ000-MSZ000-151845-

Mesoscale Discussion 1863
NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
1114 AM CDT Fri Oct 15 2021

Areas affected...central and northeast Arkansas into far western
Kentucky and Tennessee

Concerning...Severe potential...Watch likely 

Valid 151614Z - 151845Z

Probability of Watch Issuance...80 percent

SUMMARY...Scattered storms, some possibly severe producing damaging
gusts, are expected to develop over the next few hours from Arkansas
into western Kentucky and Tennessee.

DISCUSSION...Surface analysis shows a cold front from northern AR
into southern IL and IN, with 68-72 F dewpoints ahead of it. Gradual
height falls will continue over the region as the shortwave trough
moves toward the MS Valley, as pockets of heating aid
destabilization.

Objective analysis and modified forecast sounding indicate around
1000 J/kg MLCAPE over AR, with lesser values farther northeast. The
12Z LZK sounding shows a prominent midlevel inversion, which is
lessening instability. The SGF and ILX soundings also show this
midlevel warm layer.

Despite the marginal instability, strong deep-layer shear is in
place, resulting in primarily long, straight hodographs. Lift along
the front will prove sufficient to support increasing storm
coverage, and forward-tilted storms with motions over 35 kt will
lead to favorable storm-relative inflow. As such, at least a few
severe cells and/or bows are expected, producing damaging wind
gusts. Hail may also occur, though not particularly large due to the
limited instability.

..Jewell/Grams.. 10/15/2021

...Please see www.spc.noaa.gov for graphic product...

ATTN...WFO...PAH...MEG...JAN...LZK...

LAT...LON   35099280 35419210 35759142 36499056 36898994 37368903
            37308864 36958847 36468859 34888994 34219049 33949123
            33989237 34229283 34689289 35099280

SPC that day

Everything else SPC issued on the same UTC day.

IssuedProductOfficeCountiesLasted
Oct 15, 4:12 AM CDTMesoscale DiscussionSPCCrawford, Franklin, Johnson, Madison, Newton, Washington93 min
Oct 15, 12:28 PM CDTSevere Thunderstorm WatchSPCArkansas, Clark, Clay, Cleburne, Cleveland, Conway and 33 more9 hr
Oct 15, 2:52 PM CDTMesoscale DiscussionSPCArkansas, Clark, Craighead, Crittenden, Cross, Dallas and 19 more113 min
Oct 15, 5:06 PM CDTMesoscale DiscussionSPCAlcorn, Benton, DeSoto, Lafayette, Marshall, Panola and 5 more114 min
Oct 15, 6:05 PM CDTSevere Thunderstorm WatchSPCAlcorn, Benton, Coahoma, Itawamba, Lafayette, Lee and 9 more4 hr

Nearby

Mesoscale Discussions in Arkansas, 2021Mesoscale Discussions in Kentucky, 2021Mesoscale Discussions in Missouri, 2021Every mesoscale discussion in 2021

Sources

The product and its follow-ups from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service and Storm Prediction Center text; the sounding from the Mesonet's radiosonde archive; radar from the NEXRAD Level II archive.