Alert archive / Kansas / Severe Thunderstorm Warnings in 2019

Severe Thunderstorm Warning 92, NWS Dodge City, KS

May 23, 2019Lane County, Ness County, Trego County, Kansas

NWS Dodge City, KS issued this severe thunderstorm warning at May 23, 2019, 3:26 PM CDT for Lane County, Ness County, Trego County, Kansas. It was in force for 64 min. 1 report came from inside the area while it was in force.

The area

The outline as issued, with what was reported inside it.

The facts

Issued: May 23, 2019, 3:26 PM CDT (20:26 UTC)
Expired: May 23, 2019, 4:30 PM CDT
In force: 64 min
Issued by: NWS Dodge City, KS
Area: Storm-based polygon
Hail: 1.25 in
Wind: 60.0 mph

Counties Lane County, KS, Ness County, KS, Trego County, KS

The radar

The Dodge City radar (KDDC), 120 km from the middle of the area, began a volume at 20:26 UTC, the scan nearest the moment this went out.

Open the radar archive at this moment

The archived warnings, watches and discussions in force at that minute are drawn over the scan, this one among them.

What was reported inside it

Time	Report	Where	Remark
May 23, 3:26 PM CDT	HAIL 1	7 Sse Utica, KS

Local storm reports filed while the alert was in force, from inside its polygon or its counties.

Did it verify

Verified. The Iowa Environmental Mesonet's Cow matched one storm report to this severe thunderstorm warning; the first came 0 minutes after it went out.

Cow counts a report within 15 km of the polygon while the warning was in force: a tornado for a tornado warning; hail of 1 inch or more, a gust of 58 mph or more or wind damage for a severe thunderstorm warning; a flash flood report for a flash flood warning.

The watch it was issued in

The SPC watch in force over the same counties when this warning went out.

Issued	Product	Office	Lasted
May 23, 2:26 PM CDT	Severe Thunderstorm Watch	SPC	8 hr

The nearest sounding before it

Dodge City, (KDDC), launched 12:00Z, 8.4 hours before the alert went out and 119 km from the middle of its area. This is the routine balloon launch nearest before it, the air the forecaster had in hand, not a measurement taken for the alert.

Skew-T log-p

Temperature in red, dew point in green, the mixed-layer parcel dashed.

Hodograph

The wind turning with height, colored by layer: ground to 1 km, 1 to 3 km, 3 to 6 km, 6 to 10 km.

Mixed-layer CAPE: 0 J/kg
Mixed-layer CIN: No buoyant parcel
Mixed-layer LCL: 1472 m above ground
0-6 km bulk shear: 70 kt
0-1 km storm-relative helicity: 543 m²/s²
0-3 km storm-relative helicity: 771 m²/s²
Significant tornado parameter: 0.0
Supercell composite: 5.4

Open this sounding in Storm Lab

The text

As transmitted.

425 
WUUS53 KDDC 232026
SVRDDC
KSC101-135-195-232130-
/O.NEW.KDDC.SV.W.0092.190523T2026Z-190523T2130Z/

BULLETIN - IMMEDIATE BROADCAST REQUESTED
Severe Thunderstorm Warning
National Weather Service Dodge City KS
326 PM CDT Thu May 23 2019

The National Weather Service in Dodge City has issued a

* Severe Thunderstorm Warning for...
  Northwestern Ness County in west central Kansas...
  Trego County in west central Kansas...
  Northeastern Lane County in west central Kansas...

* Until 430 PM CDT.

* At 325 PM CDT, a severe thunderstorm was located near Utica, 
  moving north at 50 mph. This replaces the previous warning for 
  Lane and Ness counties.

  HAZARD...60 mph wind gusts and half dollar size hail.

  SOURCE...Radar indicated.

  IMPACT...Hail damage to vehicles is expected. Expect wind damage 
           to roofs, siding, and trees.

* Locations impacted include...
  Wakeeney, Ransom, Ogallah, Utica, Collyer, Trego Center, Pendennis,
  Voda and Arnold.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

For your protection move to an interior room on the lowest floor of a
building.

&&

LAT...LON 3912 9959 3855 9995 3855 10040 3870 10034
      3870 10015 3913 10015
TIME...MOT...LOC 2025Z 192DEG 42KT 3855 10016 

HAIL...1.25IN
WIND...60MPH
 
$$

JJOHNSON

3 follow-up statements

802 
WWUS53 KDDC 232047
SVSDDC

Severe Weather Statement
National Weather Service Dodge City KS
347 PM CDT Thu May 23 2019

KSC101-135-232056-
/O.CAN.KDDC.SV.W.0092.000000T0000Z-190523T2130Z/
Ness KS-Lane KS-
347 PM CDT Thu May 23 2019

...THE SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WARNING FOR NORTHWESTERN NESS AND
NORTHEASTERN LANE COUNTIES IS CANCELLED...
    
The severe thunderstorm which prompted the warning has moved out of 
the warned area. Therefore, the warning has been cancelled.

A Severe Thunderstorm Watch remains in effect until 1000 PM CDT for
central and west central Kansas.

LAT...LON 3912 9959 3870 9986 3870 10015 3913 10015
TIME...MOT...LOC 2046Z 200DEG 43KT 3883 9993 

$$

KSC195-232130-
/O.CON.KDDC.SV.W.0092.000000T0000Z-190523T2130Z/
Trego KS-
347 PM CDT Thu May 23 2019

...A SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WARNING REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 430 PM CDT
FOR TREGO COUNTY...

At 346 PM CDT, a severe thunderstorm was located near Trego Center,
moving north at 50 mph.

HAZARD...60 mph wind gusts and quarter size hail.

SOURCE...Radar indicated.

IMPACT...Hail damage to vehicles is expected. Expect wind damage to 
         roofs, siding, and trees.

Locations impacted include...
Wakeeney, Ogallah, Collyer, Trego Center and Voda. 

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

For your protection move to an interior room on the lowest floor of a
building.

&&

LAT...LON 3912 9959 3870 9986 3870 10015 3913 10015
TIME...MOT...LOC 2046Z 200DEG 43KT 3883 9993 

HAIL...1.00IN
WIND...60MPH
 
$$

JJOHNSON

760 
WWUS53 KDDC 232104
SVSDDC

Severe Weather Statement
National Weather Service Dodge City KS
404 PM CDT Thu May 23 2019

KSC195-232130-
/O.CON.KDDC.SV.W.0092.000000T0000Z-190523T2130Z/
Trego KS-
404 PM CDT Thu May 23 2019

...A SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WARNING REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 430 PM CDT
FOR CENTRAL TREGO COUNTY...

At 404 PM CDT, a severe thunderstorm was located near Wakeeney,
moving north at 40 mph.

HAZARD...60 mph wind gusts and quarter size hail.

SOURCE...Radar indicated.

IMPACT...Hail damage to vehicles is expected. Expect wind damage to 
         roofs, siding, and trees.

Locations impacted include...
Wakeeney, Ogallah, Collyer, Trego Center and Voda. 

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

For your protection move to an interior room on the lowest floor of a
building.

&&

LAT...LON 3912 9959 3879 9981 3883 10015 3913 10015
TIME...MOT...LOC 2104Z 199DEG 35KT 3899 9985 

HAIL...1.00IN
WIND...60MPH
 
$$

JJOHNSON

679 
WWUS53 KDDC 232120
SVSDDC

Severe Weather Statement
National Weather Service Dodge City KS
420 PM CDT Thu May 23 2019

KSC195-232130-
/O.EXP.KDDC.SV.W.0092.000000T0000Z-190523T2130Z/
Trego KS-
420 PM CDT Thu May 23 2019

...THE SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WARNING FOR CENTRAL TREGO COUNTY WILL
EXPIRE AT 430 PM CDT...
                
The storm which prompted the warning has weakened below severe
limits, and no longer poses an immediate threat to life or property.
Therefore, the warning will be allowed to expire.  However gusty
winds and heavy rain are still possible with this thunderstorm.

A Severe Thunderstorm Watch remains in effect until 1000 PM CDT for
central and west central Kansas.

LAT...LON 3912 9959 3879 9981 3883 10015 3913 10015
TIME...MOT...LOC 2120Z 192DEG 42KT 3917 9980 

$$

JJOHNSON

What forecasters said that day

The local office's own words before this severe thunderstorm warning went out, as it sent them, from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service text.

NWS Dodge City, KS wrote its last area forecast discussion before this severe thunderstorm warning went out at May 23, 3:21 PM CDT, 5 minutes earlier.

Area forecast discussion, May 23, 3:21 PM CDT, 5 minutes before

Area Forecast Discussion
National Weather Service Dodge City KS
321 PM CDT Thu May 23 2019

.SHORT TERM...(This evening through Friday)
Issued at 302 PM CDT Thu May 23 2019

Plentiful moisture, frontal boundary and upper level disturbance
will lead to widespread thunderstorms, some severe, through the
midnight hour. Surface based storms, which may be tornadic, will
be confined to the warm front zone over south central Kansas, with
elevated hailers to the north and west. On Friday the effective
frontal boundary will be undergoing frontolysis, but there should
still be enough convergence for surface based storms in south
central Kansas; and some of these will likely be severe with
large hail and damaging winds. These storms may be south and east
of Barber county depending on the exact location of the front.
South central Kansas will have to be watched for additional
flooding given the heavy rains expected.

.LONG TERM...(Friday night through Thursday)
Issued at 302 PM CDT Thu May 23 2019

The pattern will remain active through at least Monday as another
shortwave trough slowly approaches. There will be chances for
severe storms somewhere across the plains each day. Mesoscale
boundaries will likely play an increasing role in storm mode as
often happens as we get deeper into the warm season.

A break in the wet weather can be expected from late Tuesday into
early Thursday in the wake of the upper level disturbance. This
system will push a cold front through western Kansas with drier
air.

&&

.AVIATION...(For the 18Z TAFS through 18Z Friday afternoon)
Issued at 101 PM CDT Thu May 23 2019

Thunderstorms will affect the TAF sites through 06z as
an upper level disturbance and warm front approach. CIGS north of
the front in the moist upslope flow will remain IFR to MVFR.

&&

.PRELIMINARY POINT TEMPS/POPS...
DDC  55  76  61  82 /  80  20  30  40
GCK  47  77  57  82 /  60  10  20  40
EHA  47  78  57  83 /  40  10  10  40
LBL  52  77  59  83 /  70  20  30  30
HYS  55  77  61  82 /  70  20  30  20
P28  65  76  64  82 /  90  60  40  40

&&

.DDC WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES...
Flash Flood Watch through Friday morning for KSZ066-079>081-
088>090.

&&

SHORT TERM...Finch
LONG TERM...Finch
AVIATION...Finch

Hazardous weather outlook, May 23, 3:17 AM CDT, 12 hours 9 minutes before

Hazardous Weather Outlook
National Weather Service Dodge City KS
317 AM CDT Thu May 23 2019

KSZ030-031-043>046-061>066-074>081-084>090-240830-
Trego-Ellis-Scott-Lane-Ness-Rush-Hamilton-Kearny-Finney-Hodgeman-
Pawnee-Stafford-Stanton-Grant-Haskell-Gray-Ford-Edwards-Kiowa-
Pratt-Morton-Stevens-Seward-Meade-Clark-Comanche-Barber-
317 AM CDT Thu May 23 2019 /217 AM MDT Thu May 23 2019/

This hazardous weather outlook is for portions of central...south
central...southwest and west central Kansas.

.DAY ONE...Today and tonight.

Day 1 Discussion
----------------

Showers and thunderstorms are expected today and tonight. Locally
heavy rainfall is likely, with the threat of flooding highest
across the southeast zones. Some storms this afternoon through
this evening will be strong to severe, with the primary threat
being large hail. Across the far southeast zones, including Meade,
Clark, Comanche and Barber counties, a tornado risk will exist
this afternoon and evening if warmer more humid air can move into
Kansas. Currently, the tornado threat is expected to remain
mainly just to the south of Kansas.

Day 1 Hazards
-------------
* Tornado: Limited risk
* Hail: Elevated risk
* Thunderstorm wind damage: Limited risk
* Flooding: Elevated risk
* Lightning: Elevated risk

.DAYS TWO THROUGH SEVEN...Friday through Wednesday.

Days 2-7 Discussion
-------------------

Additional severe thunderstorms are expected to favor the
southeast zones Friday, and area wide Saturday and Sunday. On each
of these days, the flooding risk will continue. Thunderstorms both
Saturday and Sunday will be capable of large hail, damaging winds,
and tornadoes.

Days 2-7 Hazards
----------------
* Friday
  - Flooding: Limited risk
  - Lightning: Elevated risk
  - Severe thunderstorm: Elevated risk

* Saturday
  - Lightning: Elevated risk
  - Severe thunderstorm: Elevated risk

* Sunday
  - Lightning: Elevated risk
  - Severe thunderstorm: Elevated risk

* Monday
  - Non thunderstorm wind: Limited risk

* Tuesday
  - Lightning: Limited risk

* Wednesday
  - Lightning: Limited risk

.SPOTTER INFORMATION STATEMENT...

Spotter activation will likely be required this afternoon and
tonight.

&&

For more details visit our webpage http://weather.gov/ddc/ehwo

Turner

In the hours before

Special weather statement, May 23, 2:16 PM CDT, 1 hour 10 minutes before

Special Weather Statement
National Weather Service Dodge City KS
216 PM CDT Thu May 23 2019

KSZ043-231945-
Scott KS-
216 PM CDT Thu May 23 2019

...SIGNIFICANT WEATHER ADVISORY FOR SCOTT COUNTY UNTIL 245 PM CDT...

At 216 PM CDT, Doppler radar was tracking a strong thunderstorm 9
miles west of Friend, moving north at 60 mph.

Nickel size hail and wind gusts up to 50 mph will be possible with
this storm.

Locations impacted include...
Scott City, Shallow Water, Grigston, Manning, Scott State Lake and
Modoc.

LAT...LON 3870 10072 3828 10070 3829 10112 3870 10113
TIME...MOT...LOC 1916Z 182DEG 54KT 3831 10108

HOVORKA

Special weather statement, May 23, 2:32 PM CDT, 54 minutes before

Special Weather Statement
National Weather Service Dodge City KS
232 PM CDT Thu May 23 2019

KSZ063-064-077-232015-
Gray KS-Finney KS-Hodgeman KS-
232 PM CDT Thu May 23 2019

...SIGNIFICANT WEATHER ADVISORY FOR NORTHEASTERN FINNEY...
NORTHWESTERN HODGEMAN AND NORTHWESTERN GRAY COUNTIES UNTIL 315 PM
CDT...

At 232 PM CDT, Doppler radar was tracking a strong thunderstorm near
Charleston, moving northeast at 50 mph.

Nickel size hail and wind gusts up to 50 mph will be possible with
this storm.

Locations impacted include...
Kalvesta.

A Severe Thunderstorm Watch remains in effect until 1000 PM CDT for
southwestern Kansas.

LAT...LON 3789 10045 3791 10069 3825 10067 3826 10005
TIME...MOT...LOC 1932Z 207DEG 42KT 3794 10055

JJOHNSON

Local storm report, May 23, 2:47 PM CDT, 39 minutes before

PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE DODGE CITY KS
247 PM CDT THU MAY 23 2019

..TIME...   ...EVENT...      ...CITY LOCATION...     ...LAT.LON...
..DATE...   ....MAG....      ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

0155 PM     HAIL             SUBLETTE                37.48N 100.85W
05/23/2019  E1.50 INCH       HASKELL            KS   PUBLIC

            THIS REPORT WAS FROM SOCIAL MEDIA.

&&

RB

Special weather statement, May 23, 2:50 PM CDT, 36 minutes before

Special Weather Statement
National Weather Service Dodge City KS
250 PM CDT Thu May 23 2019

KSZ085-086-232030-
Seward KS-Stevens KS-
250 PM CDT Thu May 23 2019

...SIGNIFICANT WEATHER ADVISORY FOR WESTERN SEWARD AND EASTERN
STEVENS COUNTIES UNTIL 330 PM CDT...

At 250 PM CDT, Doppler radar was tracking a strong thunderstorm near
Tyrone, or 13 miles southwest of Liberal, moving north at 60 mph.

Nickel size hail and wind gusts up to 50 mph will be possible with
this storm.

Locations impacted include...
Liberal, Moscow, Woods and Cave.

A Severe Thunderstorm Watch remains in effect until 1000 PM CDT for
southwestern Kansas.

LAT...LON 3700 10129 3738 10126 3738 10074 3700 10098
TIME...MOT...LOC 1950Z 193DEG 51KT 3696 10115

JJOHNSON

Special weather statement, May 23, 3:01 PM CDT, 25 minutes before

Special Weather Statement
National Weather Service Dodge City KS
301 PM CDT Thu May 23 2019

KSZ087-088-232045-
Meade KS-Clark KS-
301 PM CDT Thu May 23 2019

...SIGNIFICANT WEATHER ADVISORY FOR SOUTHEASTERN MEADE AND CLARK
COUNTIES UNTIL 345 PM CDT...

At 301 PM CDT, Doppler radar was tracking a strong thunderstorm near
Englewood, moving north at 30 mph.

Nickel size hail and wind gusts up to 50 mph will be possible with
this storm.

Locations impacted include...
Ashland, Englewood and Acres.

A Severe Thunderstorm Watch remains in effect until 1000 PM CDT for
southwestern Kansas.

LAT...LON 3737 10021 3737 9954 3700 9993 3700 10020
TIME...MOT...LOC 2001Z 192DEG 28KT 3702 10008

JJOHNSON

Local storm report, May 23, 3:16 PM CDT, 10 minutes before

PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE DODGE CITY KS
316 PM CDT THU MAY 23 2019

..TIME...   ...EVENT...      ...CITY LOCATION...     ...LAT.LON...
..DATE...   ....MAG....      ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

0312 PM     HAIL             11 SSW BEELER           38.29N 100.26W
05/23/2019  E0.70 INCH       LANE               KS   PUBLIC

&&

The office that day

Everything else NWS Dodge City, KS issued on the same UTC day.

Issued	Product	Office	Counties	Lasted
May 23, 6:19 AM CDT	Special Weather Statement	DDC	Kearny, Stanton	56 min
May 23, 6:43 AM CDT	Special Weather Statement	DDC	Grant	47 min
May 23, 6:45 AM CDT	Special Weather Statement	DDC	Kearny, Stanton	45 min
May 23, 6:48 AM CDT	Special Weather Statement	DDC	Lane	57 min
May 23, 7:01 AM CDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	DDC	Finney, Grant, Kearny	44 min
May 23, 7:42 AM CDT	Special Weather Statement	DDC	Grant	48 min
May 23, 7:44 AM CDT	Special Weather Statement	DDC	Scott	46 min
May 23, 7:46 AM CDT	Special Weather Statement	DDC	Finney	44 min
May 23, 8:08 AM CDT	River Flood Warning	DDC	Stafford	53 hr
May 23, 8:17 AM CDT	Special Weather Statement	DDC	Morton, Stevens	43 min
May 23, 8:20 AM CDT	Special Weather Statement	DDC	Lane, Scott	55 min
May 23, 9:12 AM CDT	Special Weather Statement	DDC	Lane	48 min
May 23, 9:31 AM CDT	Special Weather Statement	DDC	Morton	44 min
May 23, 9:55 AM CDT	Special Weather Statement	DDC	Grant	50 min
May 23, 10:07 AM CDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	DDC	Seward, Stevens	53 min
May 23, 10:45 AM CDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	DDC	Seward, Stevens	45 min
May 23, 11:08 AM CDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	DDC	Gray, Haskell, Meade, Seward	29 min
May 23, 11:37 AM CDT	Special Weather Statement	DDC	Gray	53 min
May 23, 11:43 AM CDT	River Flood Warning	DDC	Barber	62 hr
May 23, 12:02 PM CDT	Special Weather Statement	DDC	Trego	43 min
May 23, 1:10 PM CDT	Special Weather Statement	DDC	Haskell, Seward	50 min
May 23, 1:15 PM CDT	Special Weather Statement	DDC	Lane	45 min
May 23, 1:29 PM CDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	DDC	Lane, Ness	46 min
May 23, 1:50 PM CDT	Special Weather Statement	DDC	Haskell	55 min
May 23, 2:08 PM CDT	Special Weather Statement	DDC	Trego	37 min
May 23, 2:16 PM CDT	Special Weather Statement	DDC	Scott	29 min
May 23, 2:32 PM CDT	Special Weather Statement	DDC	Finney	43 min
May 23, 2:45 PM CDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	DDC	Finney, Hodgeman, Lane, Ness	45 min
May 23, 2:50 PM CDT	Special Weather Statement	DDC	Seward	40 min
May 23, 3:00 PM CDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	DDC	Seward, Stevens	27 min
May 23, 3:01 PM CDT	Special Weather Statement	DDC	Clark	44 min
May 23, 3:16 PM CDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	DDC	Clark, Ford, Kiowa, Meade	44 min
May 23, 3:30 PM CDT	Special Weather Statement	DDC	Haskell	45 min
May 23, 3:45 PM CDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	DDC	Edwards, Ford, Hodgeman, Kiowa, Pawnee	45 min
May 23, 4:06 PM CDT	Special Weather Statement	DDC	Kearny	24 min
May 23, 4:29 PM CDT	Special Weather Statement	DDC	Pawnee	46 min
May 23, 4:37 PM CDT	Special Weather Statement	DDC	Meade	53 min
May 23, 4:44 PM CDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	DDC	Edwards, Hodgeman, Ness, Pawnee	25 min
May 23, 4:50 PM CDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	DDC	Ford, Gray, Meade, Seward	40 min
May 23, 4:59 PM CDT	Special Weather Statement	DDC	Trego	31 min
May 23, 5:04 PM CDT	Special Weather Statement	DDC	Kearny	41 min
May 23, 5:09 PM CDT	Tornado Warning	DDC	Meade	36 min
May 23, 5:23 PM CDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	DDC	Clark, Ford, Gray, Meade	52 min
May 23, 5:24 PM CDT	Special Weather Statement	DDC	Grant	36 min
May 23, 5:40 PM CDT	Special Weather Statement	DDC	Kearny	35 min
May 23, 5:49 PM CDT	Special Weather Statement	DDC	Stevens	26 min
May 23, 5:53 PM CDT	Special Weather Statement	DDC	Grant	37 min
May 23, 6:01 PM CDT	Special Weather Statement	DDC	Scott	44 min
May 23, 6:07 PM CDT	Special Weather Statement	DDC	Morton	38 min
May 23, 6:07 PM CDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	DDC	Clark, Ford, Gray, Meade	53 min
May 23, 6:10 PM CDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	DDC	Finney, Grant, Hamilton, Kearny, Stanton	50 min
May 23, 6:14 PM CDT	Tornado Warning	DDC	Clark, Ford, Gray, Meade	25 min
May 23, 6:15 PM CDT	Special Weather Statement	DDC	Grant	45 min
May 23, 6:24 PM CDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	DDC	Hamilton, Kearny	19 min
May 23, 6:47 PM CDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	DDC	Ford, Hodgeman	43 min
May 23, 6:49 PM CDT	Special Weather Statement	DDC	Stevens	26 min
May 23, 6:56 PM CDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	DDC	Finney, Kearny, Scott	49 min

Nearby

Severe Thunderstorm Warnings in Kansas, 2019 Every severe thunderstorm warning in 2019

Sources

The product and its follow-ups from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service and Storm Prediction Center text; local storm reports from the same archive; the sounding from the Mesonet's radiosonde archive; radar from the NEXRAD Level II archive.