Alert archive / South Carolina / Severe Thunderstorm Warnings in 2018

Severe Thunderstorm Warning 92, NWS Greenville-Spartanburg, SC

June 3, 2018Cherokee County, Spartanburg County, South Carolina; Polk County, Rutherford County, North Carolina

NWS Greenville-Spartanburg, SC issued this severe thunderstorm warning at Jun 3, 2018, 6:15 PM EDT for Cherokee County, Spartanburg County, South Carolina; Polk County, Rutherford County, North Carolina. It was in force for 45 min. No storm report in the archive falls inside the area while it was in force.

The area

The outline as issued.

The facts

Issued
Jun 3, 2018, 6:15 PM EDT (22:15 UTC)
Expired
Jun 3, 2018, 7:00 PM EDT
In force
45 min
Issued by
NWS Greenville-Spartanburg, SC
Area
Storm-based polygon
Hail
1.0 in
Wind
60.0 mph

Counties Polk County, NC, Rutherford County, NC, Cherokee County, SC, Spartanburg County, SC

The radar

The Greer radar (KGSP), 39 km from the middle of the area, began a volume at 22:17 UTC, the scan nearest the moment this went out.

Open the radar archive at this moment

The archived warnings, watches and discussions in force at that minute are drawn over the scan, this one among them.

Did it verify

Not verified. The Iowa Environmental Mesonet's Cow found no qualifying storm report inside this severe thunderstorm warning while it was in force. That is not proof nothing happened: reports are thin where few people live.

Cow counts a report within 15 km of the polygon while the warning was in force: a tornado for a tornado warning; hail of 1 inch or more, a gust of 58 mph or more or wind damage for a severe thunderstorm warning; a flash flood report for a flash flood warning.

The nearest sounding before it

Greensboro/Hi Pt, NC (KGSO), launched 12:00Z, 10.3 hours before the alert went out and 217 km from the middle of its area. This is the routine balloon launch nearest before it, the air the forecaster had in hand, not a measurement taken for the alert.

Skew-T log-pSkew-T log-p diagram, Greensboro/Hi Pt, NC at 12:00Z on 2018-06-03Temperature and dew point through the depth of the atmosphere, with the mixed-layer parcel. CAPE 319 joules per kilogram.LCLLFCEL10008507005003002001001 km2 km3 km6 km9 km12 km15 km-30°-20°-10°0°10°20°30°40°
Temperature in red, dew point in green, the mixed-layer parcel dashed.
HodographHodograph, Greensboro/Hi Pt, NC at 12:00Z on 2018-06-03The wind through the lowest 10 kilometers. Zero to 1 km storm-relative helicity 45 square meters per square second.1939Sfc1 km3 km6 km9 kmRMLM
The wind turning with height, colored by layer: ground to 1 km, 1 to 3 km, 3 to 6 km, 6 to 10 km.
Mixed-layer CAPE
319 J/kg
Mixed-layer CIN
-25 J/kg
Mixed-layer LCL
976 m above ground
0-6 km bulk shear
19 kt
0-1 km storm-relative helicity
45 m²/s²
0-3 km storm-relative helicity
26 m²/s²
Significant tornado parameter
0.0
Supercell composite
0.0

Open this sounding in Storm Lab

The text

As transmitted.

779 
WUUS52 KGSP 032215
SVRGSP
NCC149-161-SCC021-083-032300-
/O.NEW.KGSP.SV.W.0092.180603T2215Z-180603T2300Z/

BULLETIN - IMMEDIATE BROADCAST REQUESTED
Severe Thunderstorm Warning
National Weather Service Greenville-Spartanburg SC
615 PM EDT SUN JUN 3 2018

The National Weather Service in Greenville-Spartanburg has issued a

* Severe Thunderstorm Warning for...
  Southeastern Rutherford County in western North Carolina...
  Polk County in western North Carolina...
  Northwestern Spartanburg County in Upstate South Carolina...
  Northwestern Cherokee County in Upstate South Carolina...

* Until 700 PM EDT.

* At 614 PM EDT, a severe thunderstorm was located near Columbus,
  moving southeast at 30 mph.

  HAZARD...60 mph wind gusts and quarter size hail.

  SOURCE...Radar indicated.

  IMPACT...Minor hail damage to vehicles is expected. Expect wind 
           damage to trees and power lines.

* Locations impacted include...
  Columbus, Boiling Springs SC, Landrum, Mayo, Tryon, Chesnee,
  Cowpens National Battlefield, Lake Bowen, Cliffside and Mill
  Spring.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

A few trees and power lines will be blown down in the warned area.
Hail can cause major property damage, especially to vehicles. Seek
shelter inside an interior room.

Please report damaging winds, hail, or flooding to the National
Weather Service Greenville-Spartanburg by calling toll free, 1, 800,
2 6 7, 8 1 0 1, or by posting on our Facebook page, or Tweet it using
hashtag nwsgsp. Your message should describe the event and the
specific location where it occurred.

&&

LAT...LON 3524 8175 3511 8179 3500 8189 3517 8222
      3520 8222 3520 8228 3530 8229 3537 8219
TIME...MOT...LOC 2214Z 295DEG 27KT 3526 8215 

HAIL...1.00IN
WIND...60MPH
 
$$

MOORE
1 follow-up statement
681 
WWUS52 KGSP 032230
SVSGSP

Severe Weather Statement
National Weather Service Greenville-Spartanburg SC
630 PM EDT SUN JUN 3 2018

NCC149-161-SCC021-083-032300-
/O.CON.KGSP.SV.W.0092.000000T0000Z-180603T2300Z/
Rutherford NC-Polk NC-Spartanburg SC-Cherokee SC-
630 PM EDT SUN JUN 3 2018

...A SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WARNING REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 700 PM EDT
FOR SOUTHEASTERN RUTHERFORD...SOUTHEASTERN POLK...NORTH CENTRAL
SPARTANBURG AND NORTHWESTERN CHEROKEE COUNTIES...

At 630 PM EDT, a severe thunderstorm was located 11 miles east of
Columbus, or 7 miles northeast of Lake Bowen, moving southeast at 30
mph.

HAZARD...60 mph wind gusts and quarter size hail.

SOURCE...Radar indicated.

IMPACT...Minor hail damage to vehicles is expected. Expect wind 
         damage to trees and power lines.

Locations impacted include...
Mayo, Chesnee, Cowpens National Battlefield, Lake Bowen, Cliffside,
Green Creek, Harris, Fingerville, Boiling Springs SC and Henrietta.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

A few trees and power lines will be blown down in the warned area.
Hail can cause major property damage, especially to vehicles. Seek
shelter inside an interior room.

Please report damaging winds, hail, or flooding to the National
Weather Service Greenville-Spartanburg by calling toll free, 1, 800,
2 6 7, 8 1 0 1, or by posting on our Facebook page, or Tweet it using
hashtag nwsgsp. Your message should describe the event and the
specific location where it occurred.

&&

LAT...LON 3524 8175 3511 8179 3500 8189 3513 8214
      3520 8218 3527 8217 3532 8202
TIME...MOT...LOC 2230Z 295DEG 27KT 3521 8201 

HAIL...1.00IN
WIND...60MPH
 
$$

MOORE

What forecasters said that day

The local office's own words before this severe thunderstorm warning went out, as it sent them, from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service text.

NWS Greenville-Spartanburg, SC wrote its last area forecast discussion before this severe thunderstorm warning went out at Jun 3, 2:57 PM EDT, 3 hours 18 minutes earlier.

Area forecast discussion, Jun 3, 2:57 PM EDT, 3 hours 18 minutes before
Area Forecast Discussion
National Weather Service Greenville-Spartanburg SC
257 PM EDT Sun Jun 3 2018

.SYNOPSIS...
A well-deserved drier and seasonably warm airmass arrives to begin
the work week.  Only isolated showers and thunderstorms are expected
on Wednesday as a cold front settles into the area from the north.
Drier and seasonable conditions return for Thursday behind the
front before temperatures, humidity, and chances for showers and
thunderstorms increase Friday through Sunday as another cold front
approaches the region.

&&

.NEAR TERM /THROUGH MONDAY/...
As of 255 PM Sunday: Another warm day has evolved across
northeast GA and the western Carolinas, as latest obs are
showing temperatures well into the mid to upper 80s. With an
upper trough moving across the Great Lakes region and it's
associated cold front draped down through eastern KY/TN and into
AL/LA, expect another late afternoon/evening of isolated to
scattered convection as the front propagates from west to east
this evening into tonight. Latest radar imagery already shows a
few isolated showers and thunderstorms that have developed
across the mountains and Upstate within the past hour. With
continued downslope flow, a developing leeside trough, SB CAPE
1500-2500 J/kg, steep low level lapse rates and 0-6km bulk shear
up to 30 kts across portions of the area - the potential for a
few severe thunderstorms will continue across the western half
of the CWA into early this evening.

With the loss of daytime heating, expect convection to wane as it
nears the I-77 corridor this evening, though would not entirely rule
out a few showers/thunderstorms reaching the CLT area before all is
said and done. The cold front will push through tonight, allowing
for drier air to infiltrate in with sfc high pressure building in
from the west for the beginning of the work week. Expect Monday will
be the first rain-free day that we've seen in awhile across the area
with plenty of sunshine and temperatures around to just above normal.

&&

.SHORT TERM /MONDAY NIGHT THROUGH WEDNESDAY/...
As of 230 PM Sunday: Dry and comparatively cool weather is
expected to continue through the first half of the short term,
as an upper trough axis persists along the East Coast. A weak
boundary dropping into the area from the north on Wednesday may
provide a focus for some isolated diurnal convection, although
guidance is in rather good agreement that moisture and
instability will be difficult to come by. Temps will be near to
slightly below normal through Tue night, warming to slightly
above normal Wed afternoon.

&&

.LONG TERM /WEDNESDAY NIGHT THROUGH SATURDAY/...
As of 245 PM Sunday: By Wednesday evening, the longwave trough
axis will be east of the region with the post-frontal surface high
pressure center moving off the Mid-Atlantic coastline.  The surface
ridge axis will settle across the area into Thursday while heights
gradually build aloft as the Southern Plains heat ridge slowly
builds eastward.  Weak low-level flow and the upper-level ridge axis
overhead should work to limit convection on Thursday, and while the
official forecast keeps the area completely dry per the ECMWF and
Canadian solutions, the GFS is a little faster in veering surface
winds SEly and advecting enough flow and moisture to trigger some
afternoon convection.  Nevertheless, high temperatures are expected
to near normal on Thursday before the airmass begins to modify as
the upper-level ridge axis strengthens and southerly flow returns.
This should allow isolated to widely scattered diurnal convection
to return for Friday afternoon as a strong shortwave drops into
the Midwest embedded within the NW flow aloft.  The associated
cold front will sag into the Ohio Valley on Saturday as a repeat
convective performance is expected across the area; however,
by Sunday, moisture pooling ahead of the front combined with the
proximity of the front and aforementioned shortwave energy will
bring better chances for showers and thunderstorms across the
region.  At this time there is decent model agreement on dropping
the front into the area from north to south near the end of the
period or Monday morning.  In the meantime, given the pattern,
high temperatures will be slightly above normal for the weekend
with increasing humidity.  As dewpoints approach 70 degrees,
low temperatures, therefore, will become somewhat uncomfortable
Friday night through Sunday night.

&&

.AVIATION /19Z SUNDAY THROUGH FRIDAY/...
At KCLT and elsewhere: VFR prevails at all TAF sites this
afternoon with WNW winds and a healthy, growing CU field across the
FA as seen from latest satellite imagery. With a cold front draped
down through eastern TN/KY and back into NW AL, convection has
already begun to fire along this boundary. Expect this activity to
move from west to east as the cold front begins pushing across the
FA later this afternoon, starting within the next few hours. Expect
convection will wane into the evening hours as it approaches KCLT
around 01/02Z. Flight restrictions may briefly drop to MVFR in any
heavy downpours/stronger storms that move over a TAF site. Behind
the front, VFR will prevail through the remainder of the valid TAF
period as NW/downslope winds will persist with drier air
infiltrating in. Sfc high pressure building in from the west will
dominate the weather pattern through at least Monday evening. With
elevated boundary layer winds, do not anticipate fog development
overnight.

Outlook: Increasing chances for VCSH/VCTS towards the end of the
week. Otherwise, expect VFR.

Confidence Table...

            19-01Z        01-07Z        07-13Z        13-18Z
KCLT       High 100%     High 100%     High 100%     High 100%
KGSP       High 100%     High 100%     High 100%     High 100%
KAVL       High 100%     High 100%     High 100%     High 100%
KHKY       High 100%     High 100%     High 100%     High 100%
KGMU       High 100%     High 100%     High 100%     High 100%
KAND       High 100%     High 100%     High 100%     High 100%

The percentage reflects the number of guidance members agreeing
with the scheduled TAF issuance flight rule category. Complete hourly
experimental aviation forecast consistency tables and ensemble forecasts
are available at the following link:

www.weather.gov/gsp/aviation

&&

.GSP WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES...
GA...None.
NC...None.
SC...None.

&&

SYNOPSIS...JMP
NEAR TERM...SGL
SHORT TERM...JDL
LONG TERM...JMP
AVIATION...SGL
Hazardous weather outlook, Jun 3, 4:30 AM EDT, 13 hours 45 minutes before
Hazardous Weather Outlook
National Weather Service Greenville-Spartanburg SC
430 AM EDT Sun Jun 3 2018

GAZ010-017-018-026-028-029-NCZ033-035>037-048>053-056>059-062>065-
068>072-082-501>510-SCZ001>014-019-040830-
Rabun-Habersham-Stephens-Franklin-Hart-Elbert-Avery-Alexander-
Iredell-Davie-Madison-Yancey-Mitchell-Swain-Haywood-Buncombe-Catawba-
Rowan-Graham-Northern Jackson-Macon-Southern Jackson-Transylvania-
Henderson-Cleveland-Lincoln-Gaston-Mecklenburg-Cabarrus-Union-
Caldwell Mountains-Greater Caldwell-Burke Mountains-Greater Burke-
McDowell Mountains-Eastern McDowell-Rutherford Mountains-
Greater Rutherford-Polk Mountains-Eastern Polk-Oconee Mountains-
Pickens Mountains-Greenville Mountains-Greater Oconee-
Greater Pickens-Greater Greenville-Spartanburg-Cherokee-York-
Anderson-Abbeville-Laurens-Chester-Greenwood-
430 AM EDT Sun Jun 3 2018

This Hazardous Weather Outlook is for northeast Georgia, piedmont
North Carolina, western North Carolina and upstate South Carolina.

.DAY ONE...Today and Tonight.

Scattered thunderstorms are expected to develop across the area this
afternoon and evening. Some of these storms will become severe with
damaging wind gusts and large hail. Gusty winds, cloud to ground
lightning, and brief, heavy rainfall will be possible with any
storm.

.DAYS TWO THROUGH SEVEN...Monday through Saturday.

..Monday...No hazardous weather is expected at this time.
..Tuesday...No hazardous weather is expected at this time.
..Wednesday...No hazardous weather is expected at this time.
..Thursday...No hazardous weather is expected at this time.
..Friday...No hazardous weather is expected at this time.
..Saturday...No hazardous weather is expected at this time.

.SPOTTER INFORMATION STATEMENT...

None.

In the hours before

Special weather statement, Jun 3, 4:48 PM EDT, 1 hour 27 minutes before
Special Weather Statement
National Weather Service Greenville-Spartanburg SC
448 PM EDT SUN JUN 3 2018

NCZ052-053-064-065-032115-
Buncombe NC-Transylvania NC-Haywood NC-Henderson NC-
448 PM EDT SUN JUN 3 2018

...A STRONG THUNDERSTORM WILL IMPACT NORTH CENTRAL TRANSYLVANIA...
NORTHWESTERN HENDERSON...SOUTHEASTERN HAYWOOD AND SOUTHWESTERN
BUNCOMBE COUNTIES UNTIL 515 PM EDT...

At 448 PM EDT, Doppler radar was tracking a strong thunderstorm 8
miles east of Waynesville, or 5 miles south of Canton, moving
southeast at 20 mph.

Locations to be impacted include...
B.R. Parkway-Mount Pisgah To The Nc Arboretum, Mount Pisgah, Canton,
Bent Creek, Looking Glass, B.R. Parkway-Black Balsam To Mount Pisgah,
Cruso and Sunburst.

Wind gusts up to 40 mph and pea size hail will be possible in these
areas.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

This storm may intensify, so be certain to monitor local radio and tv
stations, as well as local cable tv outlets for additional
information and possible warnings from the National Weather Service.

&&

LAT...LON 3541 8296 3553 8290 3550 8260 3528 8273
TIME...MOT...LOC 2048Z 293DEG 19KT 3546 8286

MOORE
Special weather statement, Jun 3, 5:31 PM EDT, 44 minutes before
Special Weather Statement
National Weather Service Greenville-Spartanburg SC
531 PM EDT SUN JUN 3 2018

NCZ033-032200-
Avery NC-
531 PM EDT SUN JUN 3 2018

...STRONG THUNDERSTORMS WILL IMPACT NORTHEASTERN AVERY COUNTY UNTIL
600 PM EDT...

At 531 PM EDT, Doppler radar indicated strong thunderstorms along a
line extending from 6 miles north of Sugar Grove to near Beech
Mountain to 5 miles east of Elizabethton, and moving southeast at 40
mph.

Locations to be impacted include...
Banner Elk, Beech Mountain In Avery County, Sugar Mountain, Seven
Devils and Grandfather Mountain State Park.

Wind gusts up to 45 mph and pea size hail will be possible in these
areas.

LAT...LON 3627 8189 3625 8190 3624 8190 3623 8191
      3621 8190 3619 8188 3619 8186 3616 8183
      3612 8181 3611 8180 3610 8183 3620 8198
      3629 8192
TIME...MOT...LOC 2131Z 298DEG 33KT 3635 8175 3625 8191 3632 8214

LANE
Local storm report, Jun 3, 5:45 PM EDT, 30 minutes before
PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE GREENVILLE-SPARTANBURG SC
545 PM EDT SUN JUN 3 2018

..TIME...   ...EVENT...      ...CITY LOCATION...     ...LAT.LON...
..DATE...   ....MAG....      ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

0543 PM     TSTM WND DMG     5 WNW ROBBINSVILLE      35.35N 83.90W
06/03/2018                   GRAHAM             NC   COUNTY OFFICIAL

            TWO TREES BLOWN DOWN 2 MILES WEST OF LAKE SANTEELAH.

&&

KRENTZ
Special weather statement, Jun 3, 5:47 PM EDT, 28 minutes before
Special Weather Statement
National Weather Service Greenville-Spartanburg SC
547 PM EDT SUN JUN 3 2018

GAZ010-SCZ001-032215-
Rabun GA-Oconee Mountains SC-
547 PM EDT SUN JUN 3 2018

...A STRONG THUNDERSTORM WILL IMPACT NORTHEASTERN RABUN AND NORTHERN
OCONEE COUNTIES UNTIL 615 PM EDT...

At 547 PM EDT, Doppler radar was tracking a strong thunderstorm 10
miles northwest of Walhalla, or near Oconee State Park, moving
southeast at 15 mph.

Locations to be impacted include...
Salem, Oconee State Park, Pine Mountain and Mountain Rest.

Wind gusts up to 45 mph and half inch hail will be possible in these
areas.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

This storm may intensify, so be certain to monitor local radio and tv
stations, as well as local cable tv outlets for additional
information and possible warnings from the National Weather Service.

&&

LAT...LON 3500 8311 3490 8294 3476 8313 3489 8328
      3500 8328
TIME...MOT...LOC 2147Z 314DEG 13KT 3491 8314

MOORE
Local storm report, Jun 3, 5:51 PM EDT, 24 minutes before
PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE GREENVILLE-SPARTANBURG SC
551 PM EDT SUN JUN 3 2018

..TIME...   ...EVENT...      ...CITY LOCATION...     ...LAT.LON...
..DATE...   ....MAG....      ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

0550 PM     HAIL             5 NW HENDERSONVILLE     35.37N 82.52W
06/03/2018  E1.00 INCH       HENDERSON          NC   PUBLIC

            QUARTER SIZE HAIL AT HWY 191 AND NORTH RUGBY RD.

&&

KRENTZ
Local storm report, Jun 3, 6:14 PM EDT, 1 minute before
PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE GREENVILLE-SPARTANBURG SC
614 PM EDT SUN JUN 3 2018

..TIME...   ...EVENT...      ...CITY LOCATION...     ...LAT.LON...
..DATE...   ....MAG....      ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

0530 PM     TSTM WND DMG     MILLS RIVER             35.39N 82.57W
06/03/2018                   HENDERSON          NC   TRAINED SPOTTER

            TRAINED SPOTTER REPORTED MULTIPLE LARGE TREES BLOWN DOWN
            ALONG HIGHWAY 191. COUNTY COMMS REPORTED A TREE DOWN ON A
            HOUSE IN MILLS RIVER.

&&

LANE

The office that day

Everything else NWS Greenville-Spartanburg, SC issued on the same UTC day.

IssuedProductOfficeCountiesLasted
Jun 3, 3:10 PM EDTSpecial Weather StatementGSPOconee35 min
Jun 3, 3:31 PM EDTSpecial Weather StatementGSPOconee29 min
Jun 3, 3:34 PM EDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningGSPOconee41 min
Jun 3, 3:40 PM EDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningGSPGreenville, Spartanburg39 min
Jun 3, 4:00 PM EDTSpecial Weather StatementGSPPickens30 min
Jun 3, 4:10 PM EDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningGSPOconee50 min
Jun 3, 4:37 PM EDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningGSPOconee39 min
Jun 3, 5:43 PM EDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningGSPGreenville47 min
Jun 3, 5:47 PM EDTSpecial Weather StatementGSPOconee28 min
Jun 3, 6:19 PM EDTSpecial Weather StatementGSPOconee26 min
Jun 3, 6:49 PM EDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningGSPCherokee41 min
Jun 3, 7:28 PM EDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningGSPCherokee, York47 min
Jun 3, 7:48 PM EDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningGSPYork57 min
Jun 3, 2:37 PM EDTSpecial Weather StatementGSPTransylvania23 min
Jun 3, 2:56 PM EDTSpecial Weather StatementGSPTransylvania34 min
Jun 3, 3:22 PM EDTSpecial Weather StatementGSPTransylvania23 min
Jun 3, 4:43 PM EDTSpecial Weather StatementGSPMadison47 min
Jun 3, 4:47 PM EDTSpecial Weather StatementGSPGraham43 min
Jun 3, 4:48 PM EDTSpecial Weather StatementGSPTransylvania27 min
Jun 3, 4:57 PM EDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningGSPGraham, Swain63 min
Jun 3, 4:57 PM EDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningGSPHaywood, Henderson, Transylvania48 min
Jun 3, 5:06 PM EDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningGSPBuncombe, Henderson39 min
Jun 3, 5:31 PM EDTSpecial Weather StatementGSPAvery29 min
Jun 3, 6:12 PM EDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningGSPBurke, Caldwell, McDowell48 min
Jun 3, 6:21 PM EDTSpecial Weather StatementGSPGraham24 min
Jun 3, 6:43 PM EDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningGSPBurke, Catawba, Cleveland, Lincoln, McDowell, Rutherford47 min
Jun 3, 7:14 PM EDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningGSPBurke, Catawba, Cleveland, Gaston, Lincoln46 min

Nearby

Severe Thunderstorm Warnings in South Carolina, 2018Severe Thunderstorm Warnings in North Carolina, 2018Every severe thunderstorm warning in 2018

Sources

The product and its follow-ups from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service and Storm Prediction Center text; the sounding from the Mesonet's radiosonde archive; radar from the NEXRAD Level II archive.