Alert archive / Texas / Severe Thunderstorm Warnings in 2017

Severe Thunderstorm Warning 918, NWS Norman, OK

October 21, 20175 counties in Texas; Cotton County, Tillman County, Oklahoma

NWS Norman, OK issued this severe thunderstorm warning at Oct 21, 2017, 8:57 PM CDT for 5 counties in Texas; Cotton County, Tillman County, Oklahoma. It was in force for 48 min. 1 report came from inside the area while it was in force.

The area

The outline as issued, with what was reported inside it.

The facts

Issued: Oct 21, 2017, 8:57 PM CDT (01:57 UTC)
Expired: Oct 21, 2017, 9:45 PM CDT
In force: 48 min
Issued by: NWS Norman, OK
Area: Storm-based polygon
Hail: 1.0 in
Wind: 60.0 mph

Counties Cotton County, OK, Tillman County, OK, Archer County, TX, Baylor County, TX, Knox County, TX, Wichita County, TX, Wilbarger County, TX

The radar

The Altus AFB radar (KFDR), 69 km from the middle of the area, began a volume at 02:00 UTC, the scan nearest the moment this went out.

Open the radar archive at this moment

The archived warnings, watches and discussions in force at that minute are drawn over the scan, this one among them.

What was reported inside it

Time	Report	Where	Remark
Oct 21, 9:28 PM CDT	HAIL 0.75	5 Ne Holliday, TX

Local storm reports filed while the alert was in force, from inside its polygon or its counties.

Did it verify

Not verified. The Iowa Environmental Mesonet's Cow found no qualifying storm report inside this severe thunderstorm warning while it was in force. That is not proof nothing happened: reports are thin where few people live.

Cow counts a report within 15 km of the polygon while the warning was in force: a tornado for a tornado warning; hail of 1 inch or more, a gust of 58 mph or more or wind damage for a severe thunderstorm warning; a flash flood report for a flash flood warning.

The watch it was issued in

The SPC watch in force over the same counties when this warning went out.

Issued	Product	Office	Lasted
Oct 21, 3:06 PM CDT	Tornado Watch	SPC	7 hr

The nearest sounding before it

Fort Worth, TX (KFWD), launched 00:00Z, 2.0 hours before the alert went out and 192 km from the middle of its area. This is the routine balloon launch nearest before it, the air the forecaster had in hand, not a measurement taken for the alert.

Skew-T log-p

Temperature in red, dew point in green, the mixed-layer parcel dashed.

Hodograph

The wind turning with height, colored by layer: ground to 1 km, 1 to 3 km, 3 to 6 km, 6 to 10 km.

Mixed-layer CAPE: 1142 J/kg
Mixed-layer CIN: -102 J/kg
Mixed-layer LCL: 1889 m above ground
0-6 km bulk shear: 36 kt
0-1 km storm-relative helicity: 124 m²/s²
0-3 km storm-relative helicity: 180 m²/s²
Significant tornado parameter: 0.1
Supercell composite: 3.9

Open this sounding in Storm Lab

The text

As transmitted.

510 
WUUS54 KOUN 220157
SVROUN
OKC033-141-TXC009-023-275-485-487-220245-
/O.NEW.KOUN.SV.W.0918.171022T0157Z-171022T0245Z/

BULLETIN - IMMEDIATE BROADCAST REQUESTED
Severe Thunderstorm Warning
National Weather Service Norman OK
857 PM CDT SAT OCT 21 2017

The National Weather Service in Norman has issued a

* Severe Thunderstorm Warning for...
  Southwestern Cotton County in southwestern Oklahoma...
  Southeastern Tillman County in southwestern Oklahoma...
  Archer County in northern Texas...
  Wichita County in northern Texas...
  Southeastern Knox County in northern Texas...
  Southeastern Wilbarger County in northern Texas...
  Baylor County in northern Texas...

* Until 945 PM CDT

* At 857 PM CDT, severe thunderstorms were located along a line
  extending from near Electra to near Lake Diversion to 3 miles
  northwest of Millers Creek Reservoir, moving northeast at 65 mph.

  HAZARD...60 mph wind gusts and quarter size hail. 

  SOURCE...Radar indicated. 

  IMPACT...Hail damage to vehicles is expected. Expect wind damage 
           to roofs, siding, and trees. 

* Locations impacted include...
  Wichita Falls, Burkburnett, Seymour, Archer City, Munday, Iowa
  Park, Electra, Holliday, Grandfield, Randlett, Goree, Megargel,
  Devol, Lake Diversion, Westover, Bomarton, Mabelle, Mankins, Red
  Springs and Cookietown.

This includes Interstate 44 between mile markers 0 and 16.
 
PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

A tornado watch remains in effect for the warned area. Tornadoes can
develop quickly from severe thunderstorms.

For your protection move to an interior room on the lowest floor of a
building.

&&

LAT...LON 3341 9968 3382 9914 3411 9908 3431 9842
      3373 9842 3341 9891
TIME...MOT...LOC 0157Z 239DEG 57KT 3405 9892 3377 9894 3342 9945 

HAIL...1.00IN
WIND...60MPH
 
$$

..speg.

2 follow-up statements

959 
WWUS54 KOUN 220224
SVSOUN

Severe Weather Statement
National Weather Service Norman OK
924 PM CDT SAT OCT 21 2017

TXC275-487-220232-
/O.CAN.KOUN.SV.W.0918.000000T0000Z-171022T0245Z/
Knox TX-Wilbarger TX-
924 PM CDT SAT OCT 21 2017

...THE SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WARNING FOR SOUTHEASTERN KNOX AND
SOUTHEASTERN WILBARGER COUNTIES IS CANCELLED...

The storms which prompted the warning have moved out of Knox and 
Wilbarger Counties, therefore, the warning has been cancelled for 
these counties.

LAT...LON 3341 9942 3384 9887 3419 9880 3431 9842
      3373 9842 3341 9891
TIME...MOT...LOC 0222Z 261DEG 24KT 3420 9855 3392 9857 3344 9915 

$$

OKC033-141-TXC009-023-485-220245-
/O.CON.KOUN.SV.W.0918.000000T0000Z-171022T0245Z/
Cotton OK-Tillman OK-Archer TX-Wichita TX-Baylor TX-
924 PM CDT SAT OCT 21 2017

...A SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WARNING REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 945 PM CDT
FOR SOUTHWESTERN COTTON...SOUTHEASTERN TILLMAN...ARCHER...WICHITA AND
SOUTHEASTERN BAYLOR COUNTIES...

At 922 PM CDT, severe thunderstorms were located along a line
extending from near Devol to 4 miles west of Wichita Falls to 8 miles
southwest of Westover, moving east at 30 mph.

HAZARD...60 mph wind gusts and quarter size hail. 

SOURCE...Radar indicated. 

IMPACT...Hail damage to vehicles is expected. Expect wind damage to 
         roofs, siding, and trees. 

Locations impacted include...
Wichita Falls, Burkburnett, Archer City, Iowa Park, Holliday,
Grandfield, Randlett, Megargel, Devol, Cookietown, Sheppard AFB,
Dundee, Westover, Mankins, Lake Kickapoo, Lakeside City, Pleasant
Valley and Cashion.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

A tornado watch remains in effect for the warned area. Tornadoes can
develop quickly from severe thunderstorms.

For your protection move to an interior room on the lowest floor of a
building.

&&

LAT...LON 3341 9942 3384 9887 3419 9880 3431 9842
      3373 9842 3341 9891
TIME...MOT...LOC 0222Z 261DEG 24KT 3420 9855 3392 9857 3344 9915 

HAIL...1.00IN
WIND...60MPH
 
$$

..speg.

627 
WWUS54 KOUN 220242
SVSOUN

Severe Weather Statement
National Weather Service Norman OK
942 PM CDT SAT OCT 21 2017

OKC033-141-TXC009-023-485-220252-
/O.EXP.KOUN.SV.W.0918.000000T0000Z-171022T0245Z/
Cotton OK-Tillman OK-Archer TX-Wichita TX-Baylor TX-
942 PM CDT SAT OCT 21 2017

...THE SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WARNING FOR SOUTHWESTERN COTTON...
SOUTHEASTERN TILLMAN...ARCHER...WICHITA AND SOUTHEASTERN BAYLOR
COUNTIES WILL EXPIRE AT 945 PM CDT...
            
The storms which prompted the warning have weakened below severe 
limits, therefore the warning will be allowed to expire.  However 
gusty winds are still possible with these thunderstorms.

LAT...LON 3341 9942 3384 9887 3419 9880 3431 9842
      3373 9842 3341 9891
TIME...MOT...LOC 0242Z 239DEG 57KT 3436 9823 3408 9825 3360 9884 

$$

..speg.

What forecasters said that day

The local office's own words before this severe thunderstorm warning went out, as it sent them, from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service text.

NWS Norman, OK wrote its last area forecast discussion before this severe thunderstorm warning went out at Oct 21, 6:51 PM CDT, 2 hours 6 minutes earlier.

Area forecast discussion, Oct 21, 6:51 PM CDT, 2 hours 6 minutes before

Area Forecast Discussion
National Weather Service Norman OK
651 PM CDT Sat Oct 21 2017

.DISCUSSION...

&&

.AVIATION...
Thunderstorms will move east beyond central, southwest, and north
central Oklahoma before 11 PM. Until then very large hail and
strong wind gusts are likely in some areas. Ceilings will lift
quickly into VFR category when the cold front passes shortly after
thunderstorms. Gusty north winds will subside by mid-day Sunday.

&&

.PREV DISCUSSION... /issued 210 PM CDT Sat Oct 21 2017/

DISCUSSION...
The cold front continues to progress southward this afternoon
across northwestern OK, with a few elevated showers quickly
lifting northeast ahead of it. Stratus is finally starting to mix
out over portions of western and central OK so expect
destabilization through late this afternoon. Initial storm
development should occur sometime around 5 PM along the front in
western and northwestern OK. A few discrete cells will be possible
over southwestern OK and western north TX, with the greatest
potential for a tornado or two near the Red River early this
evening. Otherwise, expect rapid linear merge into a squall line
extending from northern OK into southern and southwestern OK
around 9-10 PM. Wind damage will become a concern during that time
frame. The storms should exit our FA around 1-2 AM.

Tomorrow will be quiet with much cooler and drier air moving into
the Southern Plains. Skies will also clear. A brief warmup is
expected Monday, but another cold front will arrive Tue.
Precipitation is not expected with this front. Again, temperatures
will climb back to a few degrees above normal for Wed and Thu
before a strong cold front arrives overnight Thursday thru Fri.
Some snow will even be possible over northwestern OK Sat AM as a
deep trough sweeps across the central and northern CONUS. Highs on
Friday and Sat are expected to be 10 to 15 degrees below average.

&&

.PRELIMINARY POINT TEMPS/POPS...
Oklahoma City OK  76  50  68  48 /  50 100   0   0
Hobart OK         79  46  70  47 /  70  90   0   0
Wichita Falls TX  83  50  71  48 /  30  90   0   0
Gage OK           76  40  71  46 /  20  10   0   0
Ponca City OK     77  47  69  46 /  80 100   0   0
Durant OK         80  56  71  48 /  20 100  10   0

&&

.OUN WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES...
OK...None.
TX...None.
&&

09/09/09

Hazardous weather outlook, Oct 21, 6:00 PM CDT, 2 hours 57 minutes before

Hazardous Weather Outlook
National Weather Service Norman OK
600 PM CDT Sat Oct 21 2017

OKZ004>048-050>052-TXZ083>090-221100-
Harper-Woods-Alfalfa-Grant-Kay-Ellis-Woodward-Major-Garfield-
Noble-Roger Mills-Dewey-Custer-Blaine-Kingfisher-Logan-Payne-
Beckham-Washita-Caddo-Canadian-Oklahoma-Lincoln-Grady-McClain-
Cleveland-Pottawatomie-Seminole-Hughes-Harmon-Greer-Kiowa-Jackson-
Tillman-Comanche-Stephens-Garvin-Murray-Pontotoc-Coal-Cotton-
Jefferson-Carter-Johnston-Atoka-Love-Marshall-Bryan-Hardeman-
Foard-Wilbarger-Wichita-Knox-Baylor-Archer-Clay-
600 PM CDT Sat Oct 21 2017

This hazardous weather outlook is for portions of northern...
western...central...and southern Oklahoma...and western north
Texas.

.DAY ONE...Tonight...

.Thunderstorms...
There is an enhanced risk of severe thunderstorms across parts of
north central, central, and southern Oklahoma, and adjacent parts of
northern Texas. A slight and marginal risk cover much of the rest of
the area.

Location...
The enhanced risk is near and southeast of a line from
Enid to Clinton, Altus, and Seymour Texas. This includes places like
Ponca City, Enid, Lawton, Oklahoma City metro, Ada, Ardmore, and
Wichita Falls.

Impacts...
Damaging wind gusts to around 80 mph and large hail up to the size
of tennis balls are the primary hazards. There is a low potential
for tornadoes across parts of central and southern Oklahoma, and
adjacent parts of northern Texas.

Timing...
Severe thunderstorms will continue until 2 am.
The most likely time for tornadoes is until 9 PM.

Discussion...
Thunderstorms continue forming along a cold front moving southeast
across Oklahoma. Large hail is the main hazard until mid-evening
after which damaging winds will become the main hazard. Isolated
wind gusts up to 80 mph are possible.

The tornado potential, particularly in southwest Oklahoma, will
decrease late this evening.

.SPOTTER AND EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT STATEMENT...

Storm spotter groups and emergency management personnel across the
risk areas should prepare for severe weather operations late this
afternoon and tonight.

.DAYS TWO THROUGH SEVEN...Sunday through Friday...

.Thunderstorms...
A few thunderstorms may linger in parts of southeast Oklahoma
Sunday morning before exiting the area.

.Cold/Frost...
Patchy frost and near freezing temperatures may be possible across
portions of Oklahoma late next week.

Get graphics and more details at weather.gov/norman...and follow
our weather forecast office on Twitter and Facebook.

In the hours before

Local storm report, Oct 21, 8:28 PM CDT, 29 minutes before

PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE NORMAN OK
828 PM CDT SAT OCT 21 2017

..TIME...   ...EVENT...      ...CITY LOCATION...     ...LAT.LON...
..DATE...   ....MAG....      ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

0827 PM     HAIL             1 NNW BRIDGE CREEK      35.25N 97.73W
10/21/2017  E0.75 INCH       GRADY              OK   AMATEUR RADIO

&&

MAD

Special weather statement, Oct 21, 8:33 PM CDT, 24 minutes before

SPECIAL WEATHER STATEMENT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE Norman OK
833 PM CDT SAT OCT 21 2017

OKZ013-019-020-025-026-030-220200-
Payne OK-Oklahoma OK-Logan OK-Pottawatomie OK-Lincoln OK-Noble OK-
833 PM CDT SAT OCT 21 2017

...SIGNIFICANT WEATHER ADVISORY FOR Payne...eastern Oklahoma...
southeastern Logan...northwestern Pottawatomie...Lincoln and
southeastern Noble Counties Until 900 PM CDT...

AT 832 PM CDT, strong thunderstorms were along a line extending from
near Glencoe to near Fallis to near Moore, moving east at 45 MPH.

HAZARDS INCLUDE...
Wind gusts to 50 MPH...
Minor flooding in areas of poor drainage...
Frequent cloud to ground lightning...

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

Monitor the weather situation closely and be alert for threatening
weather conditions.

&&

LAT...LON 3633 9703 3633 9692 3625 9692 3624 9682
      3616 9682 3616 9662 3570 9662 3538 9692
      3538 9745 3588 9744 3633 9715 3636 9703
TIME...MOT...LOC 0132Z 250DEG 41KT 3621 9692 3575 9707 3533 9751

03

Local storm report, Oct 21, 8:36 PM CDT, 21 minutes before

PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE NORMAN OK
836 PM CDT SAT OCT 21 2017

..TIME...   ...EVENT...      ...CITY LOCATION...     ...LAT.LON...
..DATE...   ....MAG....      ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

0830 PM     HAIL             3 ENE TABLER            35.06N 97.78W
10/21/2017  E0.88 INCH       GRADY              OK   AMATEUR RADIO

&&

MAD

Local storm report, Oct 21, 8:47 PM CDT, 10 minutes before

PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE NORMAN OK
847 PM CDT SAT OCT 21 2017

..TIME...   ...EVENT...      ...CITY LOCATION...     ...LAT.LON...
..DATE...   ....MAG....      ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

0830 PM     HAIL             BRIDGE CREEK            35.23N 97.72W
10/21/2017  E1.00 INCH       GRADY              OK   AMATEUR RADIO

&&

MAD

Local storm report, Oct 21, 8:50 PM CDT, 7 minutes before

PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE NORMAN OK
850 PM CDT SAT OCT 21 2017

..TIME...   ...EVENT...      ...CITY LOCATION...     ...LAT.LON...
..DATE...   ....MAG....      ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

0847 PM     HAIL             3 NW MOORE              35.36N 97.53W
10/21/2017  E1.00 INCH       CLEVELAND          OK   EMERGENCY MNGR

&&

MAD

Local storm report, Oct 21, 8:56 PM CDT, 1 minute before

PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE NORMAN OK
856 PM CDT SAT OCT 21 2017

..TIME...   ...EVENT...      ...CITY LOCATION...     ...LAT.LON...
..DATE...   ....MAG....      ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

0854 PM     TSTM WND GST     1 E DUNCAN              34.50N 97.94W
10/21/2017  M58 MPH          STEPHENS           OK   AMATEUR RADIO

&&

MAD

The office that day

Everything else NWS Norman, OK issued on the same UTC day.

Issued	Product	Office	Counties	Lasted
Oct 21, 7:09 PM CDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	OUN	Wilbarger	36 min
Oct 21, 7:10 PM CDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	OUN	Wichita, Wilbarger	50 min
Oct 21, 7:50 PM CDT	Special Weather Statement	OUN	Foard, Knox	25 min
Oct 21, 7:59 PM CDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	OUN	Clay, Wichita, Wilbarger	46 min
Oct 21, 8:01 PM CDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	OUN	Foard, Knox	29 min
Oct 21, 8:10 PM CDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	OUN	Knox	35 min
Oct 21, 8:20 PM CDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	OUN	Baylor, Foard, Knox, Wilbarger	40 min
Oct 21, 9:17 PM CDT	Areal Flood Advisory	OUN	Archer, Baylor, Clay, Wichita, Wilbarger	118 min
Oct 21, 9:34 PM CDT	Special Weather Statement	OUN	Clay	26 min
Oct 21, 9:49 PM CDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	OUN	Archer, Clay	41 min
Oct 21, 7:10 PM CDT	Tornado Warning	OUN	Caddo	35 min
Oct 21, 7:13 PM CDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	OUN	Comanche, Tillman	47 min
Oct 21, 7:22 PM CDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	OUN	Caddo, Canadian, Grady	38 min
Oct 21, 7:24 PM CDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	OUN	Caddo, Comanche, Grady	51 min
Oct 21, 7:27 PM CDT	Tornado Warning	OUN	Caddo, Grady	33 min
Oct 21, 7:34 PM CDT	Flash Flood Warning	OUN	Caddo	116 min
Oct 21, 7:39 PM CDT	Areal Flood Advisory	OUN	Caddo, Comanche	2 hr
Oct 21, 7:40 PM CDT	Special Weather Statement	OUN	Kay, Kingfisher, Logan, Noble	35 min
Oct 21, 7:53 PM CDT	Areal Flood Advisory	OUN	Caddo, Canadian, Grady, Kingfisher, Logan, Oklahoma and 1 more	3 hr
Oct 21, 7:55 PM CDT	Tornado Warning	OUN	Grady, McClain	35 min
Oct 21, 7:56 PM CDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	OUN	Canadian, Cleveland, Grady, Oklahoma	49 min
Oct 21, 8:07 PM CDT	Special Weather Statement	OUN	Payne	23 min
Oct 21, 8:10 PM CDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	OUN	Cleveland, Grady, McClain	50 min
Oct 21, 8:17 PM CDT	Areal Flood Warning	OUN	Caddo, Canadian, Grady	118 min
Oct 21, 8:20 PM CDT	Areal Flood Warning	OUN	Caddo, Canadian, Grady	115 min
Oct 21, 8:33 PM CDT	Special Weather Statement	OUN	Lincoln, Oklahoma, Payne	27 min
Oct 21, 8:33 PM CDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	OUN	Grady, Jefferson, Stephens	42 min
Oct 21, 8:36 PM CDT	Areal Flood Advisory	OUN	Lincoln, Logan, Noble, Payne	114 min
Oct 21, 8:37 PM CDT	Tornado Warning	OUN	Cleveland, McClain	23 min
Oct 21, 8:47 PM CDT	Areal Flood Warning	OUN	Canadian, Cleveland, Grady, McClain, Oklahoma	3 hr
Oct 21, 8:48 PM CDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	OUN	Cleveland, McClain, Oklahoma	42 min
Oct 21, 8:49 PM CDT	Flash Flood Warning	OUN	Canadian, Cleveland, Grady, McClain, Oklahoma	116 min
Oct 21, 9:02 PM CDT	Flash Flood Warning	OUN	Cleveland, Lincoln, Logan, Oklahoma	118 min
Oct 21, 9:04 PM CDT	Special Weather Statement	OUN	Lincoln, Payne	41 min
Oct 21, 9:10 PM CDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	OUN	Carter, Garvin, Grady, Stephens	50 min
Oct 21, 9:19 PM CDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	OUN	Cleveland, Lincoln, Oklahoma, Pottawatomie, Seminole	41 min
Oct 21, 9:38 PM CDT	Tornado Warning	OUN	Pottawatomie, Seminole	37 min
Oct 21, 9:52 PM CDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	OUN	Hughes, Lincoln, Pottawatomie, Seminole	38 min
Oct 21, 9:55 PM CDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	OUN	Garvin, Pontotoc, Seminole	50 min
Oct 21, 10:10 PM CDT	Tornado Warning	OUN	Pontotoc	22 min
Oct 21, 10:39 PM CDT	Special Weather Statement	OUN	Carter, Johnston, Love, Marshall, Murray	36 min
Oct 21, 10:47 PM CDT	Special Weather Statement	OUN	Coal, Hughes	28 min
Oct 21, 10:52 PM CDT	Areal Flood Advisory	OUN	Coal, Garvin, Hughes, Murray, Pontotoc, Seminole	53 min
Oct 21, 11:47 PM CDT	Special Weather Statement	OUN	Bryan	28 min
Oct 21, 11:48 PM CDT	Special Weather Statement	OUN	Atoka	27 min
Oct 22, 9:53 AM CDT	River Flood Warning	OUN	Comanche, Cotton	56 hr

Nearby

Severe Thunderstorm Warnings in Texas, 2017 Severe Thunderstorm Warnings in Oklahoma, 2017 Every severe thunderstorm warning in 2017

Sources

The product and its follow-ups from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service and Storm Prediction Center text; local storm reports from the same archive; the sounding from the Mesonet's radiosonde archive; radar from the NEXRAD Level II archive.