Alert archive / Alaska / High Wind Warnings in 2015
High Wind Warning 16, NWS Anchorage, AK
NWS Anchorage, AK issued this high wind warning at Dec 29, 2015, 4:33 AM AKST. It took effect at Dec 29, 2015, 9:00 PM AKST. It was in force for 19 hr. No storm report in the archive falls inside the area while it was in force.
The area
The counties it named.
The facts
- Issued
- Dec 29, 2015, 4:33 AM AKST (13:33 UTC)
- In effect from
- Dec 29, 2015, 9:00 PM AKST
- Expired
- Dec 30, 2015, 4:00 PM AKST
- In force
- 19 hr
- Issued by
- NWS Anchorage, AK
The text
As transmitted, in the capitals the NWS used until 2016.
689 WWAK72 PAFC 291333 NPWALU URGENT - WEATHER MESSAGE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE ANCHORAGE AK 433 AM AKST TUE DEC 29 2015 ...A DAMAGING HIGH WIND EVENT POSSIBLE FOR SOME BRISTOL BAY COMMUNITIES LATE TONIGHT... .A POWERFUL AREA OF LOW PRESSURE WILL CROSS THE ALASKA PENINSULA LATE TONIGHT THEN CONTINUE TO DEEPEN AS IT MOVES NORTH ACROSS BRISTOL BAY AND TOWARDS CAPE NEWENHAM WEDNESDAY MORNING. INITIALLY AHEAD OF THE LOW STRONG EASTERLY WINDS WILL DEVELOP AFTER MIDNIGHT ESPECIALLY THROUGH GAPS AND PASSES IN THE ALEUTIAN RANGE. AS THE LOW PASSES BY...WINDS WILL SHIFT RAPIDLY TO THE SOUTH TO SOUTHWEST WITH THE STRONGEST WINDS ALONG THE WESTERN CAPES AND NORTHERN BRISTOL BAY COAST. CONFIDENCE IS HIGH THAT THERE WILL BE A HIGH WIND EVENT...BUT THERE IS LOW CONFIDENCE IN HOW IMPACTFUL THE HIGH WIND EVENT MAY BE. THERE IS LOW BUT INCREASING POTENTIAL FOR MAXIMUM WIND GUSTS TO EXCEED 100 MPH LATE TONIGHT FOR INLAND AREAS OF BRISTOL BAY. AKZ161-300245- /O.UPG.PAFC.HW.A.0012.151230T0900Z-151231T0300Z/ /O.NEW.PAFC.HW.W.0016.151230T0600Z-151230T2100Z/ BRISTOL BAY- INCLUDING THE CITIES OF...KING SALMON...DILLINGHAM...NAKNEK... PILOT POINT 433 AM AKST TUE DEC 29 2015 ...HIGH WIND WARNING IN EFFECT FROM 9 PM THIS EVENING TO NOON AKST WEDNESDAY... THE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE IN ANCHORAGE HAS ISSUED A HIGH WIND WARNING...WHICH IS IN EFFECT FROM 9 PM THIS EVENING TO NOON AKST WEDNESDAY. THE HIGH WIND WATCH IS NO LONGER IN EFFECT. * LOCATION...BRISTOL BAY REGION...ESPECIALLY NEAR AND DOWNWIND OF CHANNELED TERRAIN OF THE ALASKA PENINSULA AND ALEUTIAN RANGE...AS WELL AS ALONG THE WESTERN CAPES. * WIND...40 TO 60 MPH WITH GUSTS TO 80 TO 100 MPH...WITH LOW POTENTIAL FOR WIND GUSTS TO BRIEFLY EXCEED 100 MPH LATE TONIGHT INTO EARLY WEDNESDAY MORNING. * TIMING...EAST WINDS INCREASING TUESDAY NIGHT WITH GUSTS 80 TO 100 MPH DEVELOPING AFTER MIDNIGHT...ESPECIALLY THROUGH GAPS AND PASSES IN THE ALEUTIAN RANGE EXTENDING THROUGH INLAND BRISTOL BAY. WINDS BECOME SOUTH TO SOUTHWEST WEDNESDAY MORNING WITH LOW PASSAGE...WITH STRONGEST WINDS SHIFTING TO THE WESTERN CAPES AND BRISTOL BAY COAST. * IMPACTS...HIGH WINDS MAY MOVE LOOSE OBJECTS AND DAMAGE PROPERTY. PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS... A HIGH WIND WARNING MEANS A HAZARDOUS HIGH WIND EVENT IS EXPECTED OR OCCURRING. PEOPLE ARE URGED TO SECURE LOOSE OBJECTS THAT COULD BE BLOWN AROUND OR DAMAGED BY THE WIND. && $$
6 follow-up statements
935 WWAK72 PAFC 291333 CCA NPWALU URGENT - WEATHER MESSAGE...CORRECTED NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE ANCHORAGE AK 433 AM AKST TUE DEC 29 2015 ...A DAMAGING HIGH WIND EVENT POSSIBLE FOR SOME BRISTOL BAY COMMUNITIES LATE TONIGHT... .A POWERFUL AREA OF LOW PRESSURE WILL CROSS THE ALASKA PENINSULA LATE TONIGHT THEN CONTINUE TO DEEPEN AS IT MOVES NORTH ACROSS BRISTOL BAY AND TOWARDS CAPE NEWENHAM WEDNESDAY MORNING. INITIALLY AHEAD OF THE LOW STRONG EASTERLY WINDS WILL DEVELOP AFTER MIDNIGHT ESPECIALLY THROUGH GAPS AND PASSES IN THE ALEUTIAN RANGE. AS THE LOW PASSES BY...WINDS WILL SHIFT RAPIDLY TO THE SOUTH TO SOUTHWEST WITH THE STRONGEST WINDS ALONG THE WESTERN CAPES AND NORTHERN BRISTOL BAY COAST. CONFIDENCE IS HIGH THAT THERE WILL BE A HIGH WIND EVENT...BUT THERE IS LOW CONFIDENCE IN HOW IMPACTFUL THE HIGH WIND EVENT MAY BE. THERE IS LOW BUT INCREASING POTENTIAL FOR MAXIMUM WIND GUSTS TO EXCEED 100 MPH LATE TONIGHT FOR INLAND AREAS OF BRISTOL BAY. AKZ161-300245- /O.UPG.PAFC.HW.A.0012.151230T0900Z-151231T0300Z/ /O.COR.PAFC.HW.W.0016.151230T0600Z-151230T2100Z/ BRISTOL BAY- INCLUDING THE CITIES OF...KING SALMON...DILLINGHAM...NAKNEK... PILOT POINT 433 AM AKST TUE DEC 29 2015 ...HIGH WIND WARNING IN EFFECT FROM 9 PM THIS EVENING TO NOON AKST WEDNESDAY... THE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE IN ANCHORAGE HAS ISSUED A HIGH WIND WARNING...WHICH IS IN EFFECT FROM 9 PM THIS EVENING TO NOON AKST WEDNESDAY. THE HIGH WIND WATCH IS NO LONGER IN EFFECT. * LOCATION...BRISTOL BAY REGION...ESPECIALLY NEAR AND DOWNWIND OF CHANNELED TERRAIN OF THE ALASKA PENINSULA AND ALEUTIAN RANGE...AS WELL AS ALONG THE WESTERN CAPES. * WIND...EAST TO SOUTHEAST 40 TO 60 MPH WITH GUSTS TO 80 TO 100 MPH...WITH LOW POTENTIAL FOR WIND GUSTS TO BRIEFLY EXCEED 100 MPH LATE TONIGHT INTO EARLY WEDNESDAY MORNING. * TIMING...EAST WINDS INCREASING TUESDAY NIGHT WITH GUSTS 80 TO 100 MPH DEVELOPING AFTER MIDNIGHT...ESPECIALLY THROUGH GAPS AND PASSES IN THE ALEUTIAN RANGE EXTENDING THROUGH INLAND BRISTOL BAY. WINDS BECOME SOUTH TO SOUTHWEST 35 TO 55 MPH WEDNESDAY MORNING WITH LOW PASSAGE...WITH STRONGEST WINDS SHIFTING TO THE WESTERN CAPES AND BRISTOL BAY COAST. * IMPACTS...HIGH WINDS MAY MOVE LOOSE OBJECTS AND DAMAGE PROPERTY. PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS... A HIGH WIND WARNING MEANS A HAZARDOUS HIGH WIND EVENT IS EXPECTED OR OCCURRING. PEOPLE ARE URGED TO SECURE LOOSE OBJECTS THAT COULD BE BLOWN AROUND OR DAMAGED BY THE WIND. && $$
254 WWAK72 PAFC 300114 NPWALU URGENT - WEATHER MESSAGE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE ANCHORAGE AK 414 PM AKST TUE DEC 29 2015 ...A POTENTIALLY DAMAGING HIGH WIND EVENT FOR BRISTOL BAY COMMUNITIES LATE TONIGHT THROUGH WEDNESDAY MORNING... .A POWERFUL AREA OF LOW PRESSURE WILL CROSS THE ALASKA PENINSULA LATE TONIGHT THEN CONTINUE TO DEEPEN AS IT MOVES NORTH ACROSS BRISTOL BAY AND TOWARDS CAPE NEWENHAM WEDNESDAY MORNING. INITIALLY AHEAD OF THE LOW STRONG EASTERLY WINDS WILL DEVELOP AFTER MIDNIGHT ESPECIALLY THROUGH GAPS AND PASSES IN THE ALEUTIAN RANGE. AS THE LOW PASSES BY...WINDS WILL SHIFT RAPIDLY TO THE SOUTH TO SOUTHWEST WITH THE STRONGEST WINDS ALONG THE WESTERN CAPES AND NORTHERN BRISTOL BAY COAST EARLY WEDNESDAY MORNING. AKZ161-301415- /O.CON.PAFC.HW.W.0016.151230T0600Z-151230T2100Z/ BRISTOL BAY- INCLUDING THE CITIES OF...KING SALMON...DILLINGHAM...NAKNEK... PILOT POINT 414 PM AKST TUE DEC 29 2015 ...HIGH WIND WARNING REMAINS IN EFFECT FROM 9 PM THIS EVENING TO NOON AKST WEDNESDAY... * LOCATION...BRISTOL BAY REGION...ESPECIALLY NEAR AND DOWNWIND OF CHANNELED TERRAIN OF THE ALASKA PENINSULA AND ALEUTIAN RANGE...AS WELL AS ALONG THE WESTERN CAPES. * WIND...ALONG AND NEAR THE ALEUTIAN RANGE...EAST TO SOUTHEAST WIND 45 TO 60 MPH WITH GUSTS 80 TO 90 MPH THROUGH GAPS AND PASSES. ELSEWHERE SOUTHEAST WIND 35 TO 50 MPH BECOMING SOUTH 45 TO 60 MPH WITH GUSTS TO 80 TO 100 MPH...STRONGEST ALONG THE WESTERN CAPES AND NORTH BRISTOL BAY COAST. * TIMING...ALONG AND NEAR THE ALEUTIAN RANGE...EAST WINDS INCREASING THROUGH THE EVENING WITH THE STRONGEST GUSTS DEVELOPING AROUND MIDNIGHT AND CONTINUING THROUGH THE EARLY MORNING HOURS. ELSEWHERE...SOUTHEAST WINDS INCREASING THROUGH THE NIGHT THEN BECOMING SOUTH TO SOUTHWEST AND INCREASING SHARPLY WITH THE LOW PASSAGE AROUND 6 AM WEDNESDAY MORNING. STRONG WINDS PERSISTING THROUGH MID TO LATE MORNING. * IMPACTS...HIGH WINDS MAY MOVE LOOSE OBJECTS AND DAMAGE PROPERTY. PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS... A HIGH WIND WARNING MEANS A HAZARDOUS HIGH WIND EVENT IS EXPECTED OR OCCURRING. PEOPLE ARE URGED TO SECURE LOOSE OBJECTS THAT COULD BE BLOWN AROUND OR DAMAGED BY THE WIND. && $$
058 WWAK72 PAFC 300910 NPWALU URGENT - WEATHER MESSAGE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE ANCHORAGE AK 1210 AM AKST WED DEC 30 2015 AKZ155-302215- /O.EXB.PAFC.HW.W.0016.151230T1900Z-151231T0100Z/ KUSKOKWIM DELTA- INCLUDING THE CITIES OF...BETHEL...HOOPER BAY...NUNIVAK ISLAND 1210 AM AKST WED DEC 30 2015 ...HIGH WIND WARNING IN EFFECT FROM 10 AM TO 4 PM AKST WEDNESDAY... THE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE IN ANCHORAGE HAS ISSUED A HIGH WIND WARNING...WHICH IS IN EFFECT FROM 10 AM TO 4 PM AKST WEDNESDAY. * LOCATION...MAINLY INLAND AREAS. * WIND...SOUTH TO SOUTHEAST 40 TO 55 MPH WITH GUSTS 70 TO 80 MPH. * TIMING...WINDS WILL INCREASE SIGNIFICANTLY BY LATE MORNING AS A POWERFUL LOW MOVES BY JUST TO THE WEST OF BETHEL. WINDS WILL PEAK AROUND MID DAY BEFORE DIMINISHING BELOW WARNING LEVELS BY LATE AFTERNOON. * IMPACTS...HIGH WINDS MAY MOVE LOOSE OBJECTS AND DAMAGE PROPERTY. PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS... A HIGH WIND WARNING MEANS A HAZARDOUS HIGH WIND EVENT IS EXPECTED OR OCCURRING. PEOPLE ARE URGED TO SECURE LOOSE OBJECTS THAT COULD BE BLOWN AROUND OR DAMAGED BY THE WIND. && $$ AKZ161-302100- /O.CON.PAFC.HW.W.0016.000000T0000Z-151230T2100Z/ BRISTOL BAY- INCLUDING THE CITIES OF...KING SALMON...DILLINGHAM...NAKNEK... PILOT POINT 1210 AM AKST WED DEC 30 2015 ...HIGH WIND WARNING REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL NOON AKST WEDNESDAY... * LOCATION...BRISTOL BAY REGION...ESPECIALLY NEAR AND DOWNWIND OF CHANNELED TERRAIN OF THE ALASKA PENINSULA AND ALEUTIAN RANGE...AS WELL AS ALONG THE WESTERN CAPES AND NORTH BRISTOL BAY COAST. * WIND...ALONG AND NEAR THE ALEUTIAN RANGE...EAST TO SOUTHEAST WIND 45 TO 60 MPH WITH GUSTS 80 TO 90 MPH THROUGH GAPS AND PASSES. ELSEWHERE SOUTHEAST WIND 35 TO 50 MPH BECOMING SOUTH 45 TO 60 MPH WITH GUSTS TO 80 TO 100 MPH...STRONGEST ALONG THE WESTERN CAPES AND NORTH BRISTOL BAY COAST. * TIMING...ALONG AND NEAR THE ALEUTIAN RANGE...EAST WINDS INCREASING THROUGH THE EVENING WITH THE STRONGEST GUSTS DEVELOPING AROUND MIDNIGHT AND CONTINUING THROUGH THE EARLY MORNING HOURS. ELSEWHERE...SOUTHEAST WINDS INCREASING THROUGH THE NIGHT THEN BECOMING SOUTH TO SOUTHWEST AND INCREASING SHARPLY WITH THE LOW PASSAGE AROUND 6 AM WEDNESDAY MORNING. HIGH WINDS WILL PERSIST THROUGH MID TO LATE MORNING. * IMPACTS...HIGH WINDS MAY MOVE LOOSE OBJECTS AND DAMAGE PROPERTY. PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS... A HIGH WIND WARNING MEANS A HAZARDOUS HIGH WIND EVENT IS EXPECTED OR OCCURRING. PEOPLE ARE URGED TO SECURE LOOSE OBJECTS THAT COULD BE BLOWN AROUND OR DAMAGED BY THE WIND. && $$
784 WWAK72 PAFC 301327 NPWALU URGENT - WEATHER MESSAGE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE ANCHORAGE AK 427 AM AKST WED DEC 30 2015 AKZ155-310100- /O.CON.PAFC.HW.W.0016.151230T1900Z-151231T0100Z/ KUSKOKWIM DELTA- INCLUDING THE CITIES OF...BETHEL...HOOPER BAY...NUNIVAK ISLAND 427 AM AKST WED DEC 30 2015 ...HIGH WIND WARNING REMAINS IN EFFECT FROM 10 AM THIS MORNING TO 4 PM AKST THIS AFTERNOON... * LOCATION...MAINLY INLAND AREAS. * WIND...SOUTH TO SOUTHEAST 40 TO 55 MPH WITH GUSTS 70 TO 80 MPH. * TIMING...WINDS WILL INCREASE SIGNIFICANTLY BY LATE MORNING AS A POWERFUL LOW MOVES THROUGH THE AREA. WINDS WILL PEAK AROUND MIDDAY BEFORE DIMINISHING BELOW WARNING LEVELS BY LATE AFTERNOON. * IMPACTS...HIGH WINDS MAY MOVE LOOSE OBJECTS AND DAMAGE PROPERTY. PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS... A HIGH WIND WARNING MEANS A HAZARDOUS HIGH WIND EVENT IS EXPECTED OR OCCURRING. PEOPLE ARE URGED TO SECURE LOOSE OBJECTS THAT COULD BE BLOWN AROUND OR DAMAGED BY THE WIND. && $$ AKZ161-302100- /O.CON.PAFC.HW.W.0016.000000T0000Z-151230T2100Z/ BRISTOL BAY- INCLUDING THE CITIES OF...KING SALMON...DILLINGHAM...NAKNEK... PILOT POINT 427 AM AKST WED DEC 30 2015 ...HIGH WIND WARNING REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL NOON AKST TODAY... * LOCATION...BRISTOL BAY REGION...ESPECIALLY NEAR AND DOWNWIND OF CHANNELED TERRAIN OF THE ALASKA PENINSULA AND ALEUTIAN RANGE...AS WELL AS ALONG THE WESTERN CAPES AND NORTH BRISTOL BAY COAST. * WIND...SOUTHEAST WIND 35 TO 50 MPH WITH GUSTS TO 80 MPH BECOMING SOUTH 45 TO 60 MPH WITH GUSTS TO 75 TO 90 MPH THIS MORNING...STRONGEST ALONG THE WESTERN CAPES AND NORTH BRISTOL BAY COAST. * TIMING...SOUTHEAST WINDS BECOMING SOUTH AND INCREASING SHARPLY WITH THE LOW PASSAGE AROUND 6 AM THIS MORNING. HIGH WINDS WILL PERSIST THROUGH MID TO LATE MORNING. * IMPACTS...HIGH WINDS MAY MOVE LOOSE OBJECTS AND DAMAGE PROPERTY. PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS... A HIGH WIND WARNING MEANS A HAZARDOUS HIGH WIND EVENT IS EXPECTED OR OCCURRING. PEOPLE ARE URGED TO SECURE LOOSE OBJECTS THAT COULD BE BLOWN AROUND OR DAMAGED BY THE WIND. && $$
445 WWAK72 PAFC 302104 NPWALU URGENT - WEATHER MESSAGE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE ANCHORAGE AK 1204 PM AKST WED DEC 30 2015 AKZ161-302215- /O.EXP.PAFC.HW.W.0016.000000T0000Z-151230T2100Z/ BRISTOL BAY- INCLUDING THE CITIES OF...KING SALMON...DILLINGHAM...NAKNEK... PILOT POINT 1204 PM AKST WED DEC 30 2015 ...HIGH WIND WARNING HAS EXPIRED... SOUTHEASTERLY WINDS ACROSS THE AREA HAVE SIGNIFICANTLY DROPPED IN SPEED AND TURNED MORE SOUTHERLY AS THE FRONT HAS PASSED THROUGH. WINDS ARE EXPECTED TO CONTINUE TO DECREASE...REACHING 10 TO 25 MPH WITH GUSTS TO 40 MPH BY LATE AFTERNOON. $$ AKZ155-310100- /O.CON.PAFC.HW.W.0016.000000T0000Z-151231T0100Z/ KUSKOKWIM DELTA- INCLUDING THE CITIES OF...BETHEL...HOOPER BAY...NUNIVAK ISLAND 1204 PM AKST WED DEC 30 2015 ...HIGH WIND WARNING REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 4 PM AKST THIS AFTERNOON... * LOCATION...MAINLY INLAND AREAS. * WIND...SOUTH TO SOUTHEAST 40 TO 55 MPH WITH GUSTS 70 TO 80 MPH. * TIMING...WINDS WILL INCREASE SIGNIFICANTLY BY LATE MORNING AS A POWERFUL LOW MOVES THROUGH THE AREA. WINDS WILL PEAK AROUND MIDDAY BEFORE DIMINISHING BELOW WARNING LEVELS BY LATE AFTERNOON. * IMPACTS...HIGH WINDS MAY MOVE LOOSE OBJECTS AND DAMAGE PROPERTY. PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS... A HIGH WIND WARNING MEANS A HAZARDOUS HIGH WIND EVENT IS EXPECTED OR OCCURRING. PEOPLE ARE URGED TO SECURE LOOSE OBJECTS THAT COULD BE BLOWN AROUND OR DAMAGED BY THE WIND. && $$
392 WWAK72 PAFC 310100 NPWALU URGENT - WEATHER MESSAGE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE ANCHORAGE AK 400 PM AKST WED DEC 30 2015 AKZ155-310200- /O.EXP.PAFC.HW.W.0016.000000T0000Z-151231T0100Z/ KUSKOKWIM DELTA- INCLUDING THE CITIES OF...BETHEL...HOOPER BAY...NUNIVAK ISLAND 400 PM AKST WED DEC 30 2015 ...HIGH WIND WARNING HAS EXPIRED... WINDS WILL SLOWLY DIMINISH THROUGH THE EVENING. $$
The office that day
Everything else NWS Anchorage, AK issued on the same UTC day.
| Issued | Product | Office | Counties | Lasted |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dec 28, 3:03 PM AKST | Gale Warning | AFC | 13 hr | |
| Dec 28, 3:03 PM AKST | Small Craft Advisory | AFC | 37 hr | |
| Dec 28, 3:03 PM AKST | Storm Warning | AFC | 37 hr | |
| Dec 28, 3:03 PM AKST | Storm Warning | AFC | 48 hr | |
| Dec 28, 3:06 PM AKST | Gale Warning | AFC | 12 hr | |
| Dec 28, 3:06 PM AKST | Small Craft Advisory | AFC | 60 hr | |
| Dec 28, 3:06 PM AKST | Storm Warning | AFC | 47 hr | |
| Dec 28, 3:53 PM AKST | High Wind Watch | AFC | 13 hr | |
| Dec 28, 3:59 PM AKST | High Wind Watch | AFC | 13 hr | |
| Dec 28, 11:32 PM AKST | Small Craft Advisory | AFC | 4 hr | |
| Dec 29, 3:08 AM AKST | Small Craft Advisory | AFC | 48 hr | |
| Dec 29, 3:08 AM AKST | Storm Warning | AFC | 35 hr | |
| Dec 29, 3:47 AM AKST | Gale Warning | AFC | 35 hr | |
| Dec 29, 3:47 AM AKST | Hurricane Force Wind Warning | AFC | 24 hr | |
| Dec 29, 3:47 AM AKST | Small Craft Advisory | AFC | 20 hr | |
| Dec 29, 3:47 AM AKST | Storm Warning | AFC | 35 hr | |
| Dec 29, 4:56 AM AKST | Blizzard Watch | AFC | 11 hr | |
| Dec 29, 5:05 AM AKST | High Wind Warning | AFC | 31 hr | |
| Dec 29, 2:33 PM AKST | Storm Warning | AFC | 24 hr | |
| Dec 29, 2:55 PM AKST | Gale Warning | AFC | 12 hr | |
| Dec 29, 2:55 PM AKST | Small Craft Advisory | AFC | 36 hr | |
| Dec 29, 2:55 PM AKST | Storm Warning | AFC | 24 hr |
Nearby
High Wind Warnings in Alaska, 2015Every high wind warning in 2015
Sources
The product and its follow-ups from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service and Storm Prediction Center text.